Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Application Of Dietary Guidelines For Guatemala In Three Rural Communities Of Chiquimula, Sandra Liseth Salazar Donis

Theses and Dissertations

In Guatemala, nutritional problems are directly related to the difficulty to purchase food fit for human consumption due to low family incomes as well as low nutritional education. This situation motivated the realization of the present study whose main objective was to apply the dietary guidelines for Guatemala in three rural communities of Chiquimula. All three communities were previously aided by Benson Institute efforts to promote changes in eating behavior. The sample was comprised of mothers from the El Pinalito, El Guayabo, and Maraxco communities of the department of Chiquimula. There were eight mothers, four literate and four illiterate, from …

Controlled Comparison Of Emergency Department Charting Software With A Case Simulation Comparator Model, Kirt Walker, Sridhar Rajappan, Todd R. Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Abbreviated Injury Scale (Ais) And International Classification Of Diseases In Severe Trama Patients, Noriaki Aoki, Molly C. Shek, Todd R. Johnson, Martin A. Shreiber, John B. Holcomb, Matthew J. Wall, Richard W. Cone, Robert Beck

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Isovolumic Regulation In Nervous Tissue: A Novel Mechanism Of Cell Volume Regulation, O. Quesada, R. Franco, K. Hernandez-Fonseca, K. Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell volume regulation is a property present in most animal cell lineages that allows them to recover their original volume after events of swelling or shrinkage. Such events can be caused by changes in external osmolarity or to osmotic gradients generated during normal cell functioning.4,6 The mechanism of cell volume regulation involves transmembrane fluxes of osmotically active solutes in the necessary direction to counteract the net gain or loss of intracellular water.9 The process through which cells recover their normal volume after swelling is named Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This consists of the efflux of inorganic osmolytes, such as K …

Elaeophorosis In Red Deer From Spain, Mónica Santín-Durán, J. M. Alunda, J. M. San Miguel, Eric P. Hoberg, C. De La Fuente

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of …

Biosystematics And Evolution Of The Triatominae = Biossistemática E Evolução De Triatomíneos, Christopher J. Schofield

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Abstract

In this paper we summarize the systematics of the 130 currently recognized species of Triatominae and the key features of their evolutionary background. There is increasing evidence that the subfamily has polyphyletic origins, with the various tribes and species groups probably arising from different reduviid lineages in relatively recent times.

Resumo

Neste trabalho resume-se a sistemática das 130 espécies de triatomíneos atualmente reconhecidas, com os elementos principais de sua evolução. Existem evidências crescentes para a origem polifilética da subfamília. As diferentes tribos e grupos de espécies que a compõem teriam surgido recentemente, a partir de diferentes linhagens de reduviídeos.

Recognition Of Treponematoses In Post Repatriation X Ray And Cd Rom Nebraska Record, Karl J. Reinhard, Bruce Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Larry Martin

Karl Reinhard Publications

Repatriation has compromised the opportunity to directly examine skeletons and to apply new diagnostic criteria and techniques. Pre-repatriation approaches to non-metric data acquisition, must make a number of assumptions: ( I ) Phenomena must be correctly identitied and segregated; (2) Criteria for severity must be specific to the phenomena studied; and (3) As criteria for disease rewgnition may change with time, it is valuable only as long as the raw data is also recorded. As part of data preservation, x-rays and CD-ROM images were recorded for skeletons trom Nebraska sites undergoing repatriation. This report concentrates on four of them 250K …

The Role Of Mummy Studies In Paleoparasitology, Adauto Araujo, Karl J. Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Paieoparasitology has advance during the past decade to the status of a statistically based science focused on problems of disease ecology and geographic distribution of parasitism. For most of its development, paleoparasitology has focused on the analysis of coprolites and latrine sediments. During the past few years, mummies have been increasingly included in paleoparasitology studies. We evaluate in this paper the interpretive value of mummies relative to other sources of paleoparasitological data.

EI estudio de la paleoparasitologia ha logrado transformarse, en esta ultima decada, en una ciencia basada en la estadistica, enfocada a temas tales como la ecologia de enfermedades …

Archaeoparasitology, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The field devoted to the identification of parasite remains in the archaeological record and the reconstruction of past human-parasite interactions. Parasitic disease has always been a major problem. Recent summaries of the prevalence of parasitic diseases in the world today show that there are 4.5 billion infections with all species of parasitic worm, 1 billion infections with giant intestinal roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), 750,000,000 infections with whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), 900,000,000 infections with hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), 657,000,000 infections with filarial worms, 200,000,000 with blood flukes (schistosome species), and 489,000,000 infections with malaria. These infections cause between 1,590,000 to 3,130,000 …

Coprolite Analysis: The Analysis Of Ancient Human Feces For Dietary Data, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Although archaeological fieldwork is hot and dirty, the most “earthy” side of the discipline is the laboratory analysis of coprolites. Each coprolite contains the remains of one to several actual meals eaten in prehistory, and analysis of many coprolites provides a picture of ancient diet that is unique in accuracy.

The term coprolite originally referred to fossilized feces in paleontological context. In archaeology, the term broadened to refer to any formed fecal mass, including mineralized, desiccated, or frozen feces and even the intestinal contents of mummies. Coprolites contain the remains of animals (parasites) that lived in the humans, the foods …

Paleopharmacology, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

An emerging field devoted to the exploration of the archaeological record for evidence of medicinal plants.

In the future, archaeology will have a role in pharmaceutical research. In the late twentieth century, much of the world’s pharmaceutical research has been based on ethnographic documentation of tribally recognized medicinal plants. Once the active chemical compounds in the plants are identified, they are either extracted or synthesized for commercial use. The American film Medicine Man depicts this approach. As shown in the film, such pharmacological research is threatened by declining tribal populations with loss of traditional herbal knowledge coupled with declining biodiversity. …

Relation Between Internal Parasites With Basic Services And The Nutritional Status Of Children Five Years Of Age In The Indigenous, Black And Mestizo Communities Of The Rural Area, Imbabura Province, R. Patricio Paguay Ruiz

Theses and Dissertations

Various studies have been done to determine the prevalence of anemia in our country, but these studies don't reflect the true magnitude of this sickness, considered in Ecuador a problem of public health since these investigations correspond to urban sectors and margins and not to rural places where the care is very deficient and in certain cases useless, mainly because of the difficult access and the lack of economic resources of the government institutions. The current work was realized in coordination with the school of Nutrition and Dietetics and with the help of the Benson Agriculture and Food Institute was …

Relationship Between Intestinal Parasitosis With The Basic Services, And The Nutritional State Of Children Under The Age Of Five Of Black, Native, And Mestizo Ethnicities In The Rural Area Of The Province Of Imbabura 1998-1999, Carlos Rosero

Theses and Dissertations

The parasitosis in the tropical countries like Ecuador, are found in the different population groups of all ages, sexes, social conditions, ethnic groups, especially in those without hygienic conditions, pertaining to different geographic zones and the prevalence varies in agreement with the ecology, the human factors and the social economic characteristics. The fecal contamination on land and water where an adequate disposition of excretes, the surrounding conditions, the deficient living conditions, the rural life, the absence of bathrooms, the custom to not use shoes and to have contact with the water. The deficiency of hygienic education, contamination of foods and …

The Global Carbon Metabolism Regulator Crc Is A Component Of A Signal Transduction Pathway Required For Biofilm Development By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, George A. O'Toole, Karine A. Gibbs, Paul W. Hager, Paul V. Phibbs, Roberto Kolter

Dartmouth Scholarship

The transition from a planktonic (free-swimming) existence to growth attached to a surface in a biofilm occurs in response to environmental factors, including the availability of nutrients. We show that the catabolite repression control (Crc) protein, which plays a role in the regulation of carbon metabolism, is necessary for biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using phase-contrast microscopy, we found that a crc mutant only makes a dispersed monolayer of cells on a plastic surface but does not develop the dense monolayer punctuated by microcolonies typical of the wild-type strain. This is a phenotype identical to that observed in mutants …

Feasibility Of Inducing Overlap Immunologic Competence In Gallinaceous Birds With Ascardia Dissimilis And A. Galli, Julie Hamilton, Thomas A. Yazwinski

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Chickens and turkeys are routinely infected with the roundworms Ascaridia galli and A. dissimilis, respectively. The current study was conducted to gather basic information on these worms and to determine whether heterologous infections (chicken worms in turkeys and turkey worms in chickens) would be successful. Chickens and turkeys were obtained at day of hatch, brooded to 7 days of age, and placed in pens (25/pen) according to infection as received at 7 days of age: homologous, heterologous and control (no infection). Bird weights, mortalities, and feed efficiencies were monitored for 3 weeks postinfection, at which time all birds were killed …

Health Informatics Research & Evaluation Design Students Overwhelmingly Prefer Hypertutorial Web-Based Instruction In Randomized Comparison, Craig W. Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Java-Based World Wide Web Clinical Trial Data Management, Vinod Aggarwal, Venkatesh Rudrapatna, Craig W. Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

The Web-Based Interactive Family History Questionnaire, Rita Torkzadeh, Constance M. Johnson, Craig W. Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Fattening Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Akkaraman Crosses (F1 And B1) With German Blackheaded Mutton And Hampshire Down Male Lambs, Ali̇ Akmaz, Emi̇n Teki̇n, Cafer Tepeli̇, Ramazan Kadak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to investigate the fattening and carcass characteristics of German Blackheaded Mutton (GBM) x Akkaraman (A) F1, GBM x (GBM x A) B1, Hampshire Down (HD) x A F1 and HD x (HD x A) B1 male lambs. Ten GBM x A (F1), 4 GBM x (GBM x A) B1, 10 (HD) x A (F1) and 4 HD x (HD x A) B1 male lambs were used for fattening traits, and six of each breed from F1 genotypes, four of each breed from B1 genotypes for carcass traits. The lambs were fed, from the beginning at …

Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzymes And Pyruvate Kinase Activity In Rats With Carbontetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis, Seval Yilmaz, İbrahi̇m Hali̇l Bahçeci̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Changes in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, a degradative product of lipid peroxidation) and in the antioxidant defense system in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis were studied, in order to determine whether there is any relation between these parameters and the disease. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Wistar-Albino rats by carbon tetrachloride (0.15 gr/100 gr body weight) which was injected subcutanously three times a week for six weeks. In the liver, the level of tissue malondialdehyde was analysed according to Yagi's method; and glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase activities according to Beutler's method. The level of liver malondialdehyde …

An Investigation About The Effects Of Insemination Depth, Cervico-Vaginal Mucus Productionand Reflux Of Semen In The Vagina After Insemination In Sheep, Nedi̇m Koşum, Rudolf Wassmuth

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The possible influence of factors such as depth of insemination, cervico-vaginal mucus production and reflux of semen in the vagina after insemination in German merinolandrace were considered. Fresh diluted semen was inseminated intracervically. The results obtained for non-return-rate, lambing rate and fecundity are 49.01%, 39.75% and 64.55% respectively. The year had a significant effect (p ² 0.05) on non-return-rate and lambing rate but not on fecundity.The other parameters considered did not affect prolificacy significantly.

The Effect Of Lactation Number On Milk Production And Reproduction In Holstein Cows, Mahi̇ye Özçeli̇k, Rafet Arpacik

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lactation number on milk production and reproduction. Data on milk and reproductive traits in the first five lactations of Holstein cows reared at Bala State Farm were used. The following characteristics were studied: milk yield, lactation duration and dry period. The following reproductive traits were also studied: number of inseminations per conception, service period, gestation period and calving interval. According to the results, in general milk yield increased but lactation duration decreased with increasing lactation number. However, no linear relationship was determined between dry period and lactation number. The effect …

Effects Of E And C Vitamins On The Growth And Immunity Of The Angora Goat Kids Exposedto Stress, Hali̇t İmi̇k, Meli̇h Aytaç, Behi̇ç Coşkun, Hati̇ce Fi̇danci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of administration of vitamin E and C on the live weight gain, anti-body levels against Brucella melitensis (Rev.1) vaccine and liveability of Angora goat kids separated from their mothers at the age of 21 days, and then exposed to stress. Forty kids were used in this study. They were divided into four groups having ten kids per group. This study was conducted with the control group (+) in which the kids were not separated from their mothers until the wean-ing period, a group(-) which was exposed to stress and being …

Effects Of Isofluran On Cardiac Performance In Dogs With Experimental Acute Hemorrhagic, Utku Bakirel, Yücel Meral, Abdullah Kayar, Tarik Bi̇lal, Oktay Düzgün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of isofluran on cardiac performance in dogs with experimental acute hemorrhagic anemia (AHA) were inves-tigated. A local anesthetic agent was administered to dogs in the control group (=2) and isofluran to dogs in the experimental group (n=6). Left ventricle systolic and diastolic blood pressure with filling and ejection time before and 15 min after AHA were deter-mined in all dogs. While left ventricle systolic blood pressure decreased (from 114±3 mm/Hg to 54±4 mm/Hg) and diastolic blood pressure decreased (from 88±6 mm/Hg to 40±2 mm/Hg), filling time increased (from 0.16±0.025 mm/sec to 0.40±0.065 mm/sec, p

Kinetics And Inhibition By Some Amino Acids Of Arginase In Cattle Rumen Tissue, Mi̇ne Eri̇şi̇r, Sema Temi̇zer Ozan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of some amino acids on arginase activity in cattle rumen tissue were studied. L-amino acids, such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, ornithine, cysteine, proline, lysine inhibited the enzyme activity noncompetitively. On the other hand, histidine and hydroxyproline were not determined to have any inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. Isoleucine, valine, leucine, cysteine, ornithine were more strongly inhibitory than proline and lysine.

Immunohistochemical Localization Of Cytokeratin, Vimentin And Alpa-Smooth Muscle Actin Micro And Intermediate Filaments In Canine Mammary Tumors, Ümi̇t H. Mi̇lli̇, Rifki Haziroğlu, Yilmaz Aydin, M. Yavuz Gülbahar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Forty-six formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine mammary tumors, 15 benign and 31 malignant, were studied immunohistochemically. Mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-cytokeratin 18, mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-cytokeratin (pan cytokeratin), mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin and mouse monoclonal anti-vimentin antibodies were used. The ductal and acinar epithelium stained positively for cytokeratin 18 and pan cytokeratin, although there was no immunoreactivity in some tumors. Metaplastic squamous cells in two solid carcinomas were positive for both cytokeratin 18 and pan cytokeratin. It was a notable finding that there were unreactive epithelial cells in some tumors for broad spectrum cytokeratin antibody (pan cytokeratin). Myofibroblasts in benign and malignant tumors were …

Heavy Metal Levels In Mussels ( Unio Stevenianus Krynicki) Obtained From Van Lake, Ender Yarsan, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, İdri̇s Türel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal levels in mussels ( Unio stevenianus Krynicki) obtained from Van Lake. A total of 120 samples representing each of the four seasons was collected between 01.01.1994 and 01.01.1995. The organic parts of the samples were ashed with a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium nitrate according to the dry ashing method and arsenic residues were measured by silver diethyldithyocarbamate in UV spectrophotometer; copper, cadmium, zinc and lead levels were also determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the analysis of the 120 samples for residues of heavy mettals, the average …

The Lysosomal Enzyme Activities Of Fresh, Cooled, Frozen And Smoked Salmon Fish Species (Onchorhyncus Keta And Salmo Salar), Hartmut Rehbein, Şükran Çakli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Frozen-thawed fish and fillets are being marketed as fresh fish fillets. One of the methods which helps us to differentiate unfrozen from frozen-thawed fish fillet is the enzymatic method. By means of the freezing and thawing process lysosomal enzymes are released. Lysosomal enzyme activities have the enzymes which decompose protein, carbohydrate, fat and nucleic acids. In this research, fresh, stored in ice, frozen and smoked salmon fish (Onchorhyncus ketaand Salmo salar) have been used. In press juice and in extracts of these fish a muscle lysosomal enzyme \alpha-Glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.20) in activitation quantities was detected. The lysosomal enzyme activities of …

Nonambulatory Tetraparesis Secondary To Cervical Vertebral Canal Stenosis In A Great Dane, Ömer Beşalti, Sai̇t Tong, Ahmet Özak, Faruk Akin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A five-year-old male Great Dane was presented with nonambulatory tetraparesis and during the drip follow-up period its neurologic status became worse, despite conservative management for 10 days. Ligamentum flavum disease, dorsal bony compression and malformation of the articular process were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A dorsal laminectomy was performed. Physiotherapy, including massage, flexion and extension of the limbs, was done twice a day. Voluntary standing and walking were observed during the fourth week after the operation. From a telephone conversation with the owner it was determined that there was no problem in standing up and trotting in the …

Pharmacokinetics Of Oxytetracycline In Sheep After Various Intravenous Doses, Muhammad Yar, Mahmood Ahmad, Nadeem Irfan Bukhari, Muhammad Naveed Akhtar Khawaja

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline were investigated in 20 sheep following intravenous injection of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg doses. An increase in concentration of oxytetracycline was found with increasing dose at all the sampling times in each animal. The peak plasma concentration of oxytetracycline attained after intravenous administration of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of the drug was 18.67±0.09, 40.63±0.16 and 86.51±0.10 mg/ml, respectively. These plasma concentrations decreased with plasma half lives of 10.88 ± 0.29, 5.87 ± 0.08 and 7.35 ± 0.08 hours respectively. Oxytetracycyine resided, as indicated by MRT for 11.23±0.25, 5.78±0.08, 6.73±0.05 hours post dosing of 40, 80 …