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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 151 - 180 of 186

Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology

Analysis Of The Response Of Medicago Truncatula Calcium Oxalate Mutants To Abiotic Stress, Wayra Gabriela Navia-Gine Dec 2010

Analysis Of The Response Of Medicago Truncatula Calcium Oxalate Mutants To Abiotic Stress, Wayra Gabriela Navia-Gine

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Calcium oxalate crystals are found in most plant species. In Medicago truncatula wild-type A17, crystals accumulate in leaves along the secondary veins and the only role attributed to them so far is defense against chewing insects. Calcium oxalate deficient (cod) mutants were isolated in M. truncatula; the cod mutants include cod5, which completely lack crystals in the leaves and cod6 that accumulates fewer and smaller crystals compared to A17. We analyzed gene expression in the cod mutants and A17 using GeneChip® Medicago Genome Arrays and found important differences in transcriptome between the three genotypes. In particular, we found a gene …

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Good Agricultural And Handling Practices For Grapes And Other Fresh Produce, Pamela L. Brady, Justin R. Morris Jan 2009

Good Agricultural And Handling Practices For Grapes And Other Fresh Produce, Pamela L. Brady, Justin R. Morris

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

In recent years consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has increased dramatically. This trend has increased the amount of produce being purchased at farmer’s markets, road-side stands, and neighborhood markets since consumers say they feel that the direct contact with growers at these markets makes them better able to assess the quality and safety of the produce. This buying trend has opened new markets to small- and medium-sized farms, which sell at these local outlets.

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Characterization Of Bacteriophages Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato, Sara E. Prior, Amanda J. Andrews, Russell O. Nordeen Jan 2007

Characterization Of Bacteriophages Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato, Sara E. Prior, Amanda J. Andrews, Russell O. Nordeen

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Bacteriophages from supernatants of the plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (P. tomato) were isolated, enriched, and purified by density block centrifugation in cesium chloride (CsCl) step gradients. The DNA from purified phage was isolated and digested with the restriction endonucleases EcoRl or HindIII. Three different DNA fingerprint patterns were determined indicating 3 unique phage isolates. Genome sizes of the phage ranged from 40 to 52 kilobases (kB). Buoyant densities of phage particles in CsCI varied from 1.36 to 1.51 glml. Electron microscopy revealed a single morphological type with an elongated polyhedral head and a long tail indicating the …

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Evaluation Of Post-Harvest Disease Resistance In Blackberry Genotypes, John-Paul Kidd, John R. Clark, Patrick Fenn, Barbara Smith Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Post-Harvest Disease Resistance In Blackberry Genotypes, John-Paul Kidd, John R. Clark, Patrick Fenn, Barbara Smith

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Forty-nine blackberry genotypes (19 cultivars and 30 breeding selections) were evaluated for post-harvest fruit-rot resistance in June and July 2003. Fully mature, undamaged berries were harvested on two dates for each genotype at the University of Arkansas Fruit Substation, Clarksville. After transporting in chilled coolers back to the Plant Pathology Department in Fayetteville, two replications of 10 berries of each genotype were placed in a high-humidity chamber for 3 d (21-23°C; 16-h daylength). This provided a total of four replications for each entry across the two harvest dates. Natural inoculum from the field provided the post-harvest pathogens, and no additional …

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Characterizing Bean Pod Rot In Arkansas And Missouri, Jeremy H. Taylor, Craig S. Rothrock Jan 2004

Characterizing Bean Pod Rot In Arkansas And Missouri, Jeremy H. Taylor, Craig S. Rothrock

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Green beans are an important crop grown for processing in both Arkansas and Missouri. Green beans are harvested mechanically using non-selective picking fingers. Harvested beans are then transported in bulk to processing plants that are located at various locations throughout the mid-South. Thus, the crop is managed for high quality, avoiding pod blemishes caused by insects and diseases. One of the consistent quality problems that affect Arkansas and Missouri green bean crops is pod rot. Two of the causal agents of pod rot that have been reported by researchers and vegetable companies alike are Pythium aphanidermatum and an unidentified Phytophthora …

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Response Of Blackberry Cultivars To Nematode Transmission Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus, Alisha Sanny Jan 2003

Response Of Blackberry Cultivars To Nematode Transmission Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus, Alisha Sanny

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

A study was conducted on eight cultivars of blackberry ('Apache', 'Arapaho', 'Chester', 'Chickasaw', 'Kiowa', 'Navaho', 'Shawnee', and 'Triple Crown'), of which four plants of each were previously determined in the fall of 2001 to have root, but not leaf, infection with Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). The objective of our study was to determine virus effects on plant vigor, and the spread of virus infection in the plants. Eight plants of each cultivar, four infected and four free of infection, were grown in pots on a gravel pad for the 2002 growing season, and samples of primocane and floricane leaves were …

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Characterization Of Wound-Inducible Genes Encoding Enzymes For Terpenoid Biosynthesis In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox Jan 2003

Characterization Of Wound-Inducible Genes Encoding Enzymes For Terpenoid Biosynthesis In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

In addition to having numerous applications and pharmaceuticals, terpenoids are an important class of defensive compounds that can accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or injury by insects. Sequences of DNA encoding putative terpene synthases and an oxidosqualene synthase, isolated from insect-damaged Medicago truncatula leaves, were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) data base. The cDNA clones were used as radio-labeled probes to analyze gene expression in leaves treated with factors known to trigger a defense response in plants. Transcript levels for all of the genes examined increased in response to artificial wounding, insect herbivory, and methyl jasmonate (meJA) …

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Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix Jan 2003

Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Fungicides are expensive, dangerous, and can be harmful to the environment, but they are often necessary for profitable farming operations. New technologies may soon allow farmers to replace these chemicals with genetically engineered plants producing antifungal enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls. To explore this option, a Paenbacillus chitosanase gene was cloned, sequenced, and modified for plant expression. The modified gene was delivered to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L cv. Xanthine) leaf disks via Agrobacterium tumenfaciens-mediated transformation. The putative GMOs were tested for transgene integration, transcription, and translation. Confirmed transformants were then screened for enhanced responses to a Rhizoctonia solani cell …

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The Role Of Natural Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Plant Defense Against Chewing Insects, Sarah J. Doege Jan 2003

The Role Of Natural Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Plant Defense Against Chewing Insects, Sarah J. Doege

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Calcium oxalate is the most abundant insoluble mineral found in plants and it is common among many plant families. Calcium oxalate crystals in plants can appear as irregular rectangles, spiked balls, or needles. The formidable appearance of these crystals has lead to speculation that they might serve as a form of pest control by deterring chewing insects. We utilized mutant plant lines to assess the effects of plant calcium oxalate crystals on the survival and feeding habits of chewing insects. We have taken advantage of calcium oxalate-deficient (cod) mutants of the barrel medic, Medicago truncatula Calcium oxalate crystals accumulate in …

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Response Of Blackberry Cultivars To Nematode Transmission Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus, Alisha Sanny, John R. Clark, Rose Gergerich Jan 2003

Response Of Blackberry Cultivars To Nematode Transmission Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus, Alisha Sanny, John R. Clark, Rose Gergerich

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

A study was conducted on eight cultivars of blackberry (‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Chester’, ‘Chickasaw’, ‘Kiowa’, ‘Navaho’, ‘Shawnee’, and ‘Triple Crown’), of which four plants of each were previously determined in the fall of 2001 to have root, but not leaf, infection with Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). The objectives of our study were to determine virus effects on plant vigor and the spread of virus infection in the plants. Eight plants of each cultivar, four infected and four free of infection, were grown in pots on a gravel pad for the 2002 growing season, and samples of primocane and floricane leaves were …

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Effects Of Virus Infection On Release Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Insect-Damaged Bean, Phaseolus Vulgaris, Sarah E. Sossamon, Britney K. Jackson, B. Alison Drumwright, Kenneth L. Korth, Gisela F. Erf Jan 2003

Effects Of Virus Infection On Release Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Insect-Damaged Bean, Phaseolus Vulgaris, Sarah E. Sossamon, Britney K. Jackson, B. Alison Drumwright, Kenneth L. Korth, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Insects can serve as important vectors of plant pathogens, especially viruses. Insect feeding on plants causes the systemic release of a wide range of plant volatile compounds that can serve as an indirect plant defense by attracting natural enemies of the herbivorous insect. Previous work suggests that the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) prefers to feed on plants infected by either of two viruses that it is known to transmit: Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) or Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). A possible explanation for the preferred feeding on virus-infected tissues is that the beetles are attracted by volatile signals …

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Characterization Of Wound-Inducible Genes Encoding Enzymes For Terpenoid Biosynthesis In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox Jan 2002

Characterization Of Wound-Inducible Genes Encoding Enzymes For Terpenoid Biosynthesis In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

In addition to having numerous applications as food flavorings and pharmaceuticals, terpenoids are an important class of defensive compounds that can accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or injury by insects. Sequences of DNA encoding putative terpene synthases and an oxidosqualene synthase, isolated from insect-damaged Medicago truncatula leaves, were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The eDNA clones were used as radiolabeled probes to analyze gene expression in leaves treated with factors known to trigger a defense response in plants. Transcript levels for all of the genes examined increased in response to artificial wounding, insect herbivory, and methyl …

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Expression Patterns Of Novel Wound-Inducible Plant Genes In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox, Kenneth L. Korth Jan 2002

Expression Patterns Of Novel Wound-Inducible Plant Genes In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox, Kenneth L. Korth

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Terpenoids are an important class of defensive compounds that can accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or injury by chewing insects. Clones encoding putative terpene synthases and an oxidosqualene synthase, isolated from insect-damaged Medicagotruncatula leaves, were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The cDNA clones were used as radiolabeled probes to analyze gene expression in leaves treated by known factors that can trigger a defense response in plants. Transcript levels for all of the genes examined increased in response to artificial wounding, insect herbivory, and methyl jasmonate (meJA) treatments, whereas salicylic acid (SA) and glucose oxidase (GOX) had …

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Characterization Of A PorosTm-Fumonisin B1 Affinity Column For Isolating Ceramide Synthase From Rat Liver, S. Jernigan, W. B. Melchior Jr., G. R. Jenkins, K. L. Rowland, D. W. Roberts, P. C. Howard, H. Tolleson Jan 2001

Characterization Of A PorosTm-Fumonisin B1 Affinity Column For Isolating Ceramide Synthase From Rat Liver, S. Jernigan, W. B. Melchior Jr., G. R. Jenkins, K. L. Rowland, D. W. Roberts, P. C. Howard, H. Tolleson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, common pathogens of corn and other grain plants. Toxic effects associated with fumonisin B1 include equine leukoencephalomacia, porcine pulmonary edema, rat renal carcinoma, and murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased risk for esophageal cancer in humans has been epidemiologically associated with consumption of corn contaminated with Fusarium, suggesting that fumonisin B1 may be involved. The biological effects of fumonisin B1 exposure result primarily from disruption of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis via inhibition of ceramide synthase. Exposure of animals or cultured cells to fumonisin B1 results in the characteristic accumulation of …

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Optical Transmittance Of A Rice Leaf Via Ray Tracing, Stephen Nicoletti, Alois (Al) J. Adams Jan 2000

Optical Transmittance Of A Rice Leaf Via Ray Tracing, Stephen Nicoletti, Alois (Al) J. Adams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Optical reflectance from a plant leaf increases in response to stress and disease. Previous studies at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock found that, while the reflectance from a rice leaf increased with increased salinity, reflectance changes could not be used to differentiate one stress or disease from another. The objective of this study is to characterize the angular distribution of optical transmittance for a healthy rice leaf using a ray tracing technique and assuming a three-media optical model. The ultimate goal is to relate this distribution to specific plant pathologies. Three rays are traced through the cross section …

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Farm Operator Satisfaction With Retail Pesticide Suppliers In The Arkansas Delta, Bruce L. Dixon, Damon Mckelvey, Travis Rogers, Frank L. Farmer, Daniel M. Settlage Feb 1999

Farm Operator Satisfaction With Retail Pesticide Suppliers In The Arkansas Delta, Bruce L. Dixon, Damon Mckelvey, Travis Rogers, Frank L. Farmer, Daniel M. Settlage

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Two hundred ninety farm operators in the three easternmost crop reporting districts in Arkansas responded to a mail survey in November 1996 about their preferences and satisfaction with retail pesticide suppliers.Results show most farmers are quite satisfied with their main retail pesticide supplier, although 55.5% of the farm operators used more than one retail pesticide supplier in 1996. Users of multiple suppliers were less satisfied with their suppliers than those using only one supplier. Availability of certain pesticides was the most frequently mentioned reason for using multiple suppliers. Several attributes were important in selecting the main supplier with reputation being …

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Effect Of Media Constituents On In Vitro Culturing Of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Shoot Tip And Leaf Disk Explants, Mohanjeet S. Brar, Edwin J. Anderson, Teddy E. Morelock, Ronald W. Mcnew Jan 1997

Effect Of Media Constituents On In Vitro Culturing Of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Shoot Tip And Leaf Disk Explants, Mohanjeet S. Brar, Edwin J. Anderson, Teddy E. Morelock, Ronald W. Mcnew

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Cowpea is an important legume food crop that is commonly grown in Arkansas and numerous other southern states. The application of biotechnological approaches for the improvement of U.S. cowpea genotypes is currently not possible due to the lack of a regeneration and transformation system. Therefore, the first priority of our research efforts is the development of a plant regeneration system that will facilitate plant transformation studies. In an effort to optimize the media requirements for tissue culturing cowpea, we evaluated the in vitro response of shoot tip and leaf disk explants to various levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) macro …

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Partial Characterization Of Bacteriophages Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv.Tomato, Scott M. Minor, Russell O. Nordeen, Chad E. Paschall Jan 1996

Partial Characterization Of Bacteriophages Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv.Tomato, Scott M. Minor, Russell O. Nordeen, Chad E. Paschall

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Role Of Endophytes In Tall Fescue, E. L. Piper, C. P. West Jan 1993

Role Of Endophytes In Tall Fescue, E. L. Piper, C. P. West

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the most commonly grown cool season grass used for pastures in Arkansas. Most tall fescue contains a fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams), which causes fescue toxicosis in livestock and costs cattle producers millions of dollars annually in lost production. Endophyte presence is known to reduce wild mammal populations in areas where tall fescue is prevalent. The endophyte spends its entire life cycle within the plant and is transmitted through the seed. The association is mutualistic with the plant providing nutrients for the endophyte and the endophyte conferring drought, insect, and nematode resistance …

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Biological Vectors For The Dispersal Of Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides, X. B. Yang, D. O. Tebeest, E. L. Moore Jan 1992

Biological Vectors For The Dispersal Of Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides, X. B. Yang, D. O. Tebeest, E. L. Moore

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) and grasshoppers (Melanoplus differentialis and Conocephalus fasciatus) commonly observed in Arkansas rice fields, are dispersal vectors for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomens, a causal agent of anthracnose of northern jointvetch. Treefrogs and grasshoppers captured from rice or soybean fields with diseased northern jointvetch were placed in containers in contact with healthy northern jointvetch plants. An average of 90% of northern jointvetch plants was infected by the pathogen with up to 10 lesions per plant using treefrog vectors. Experiments were done in the greenhouse on frog dispersal by monitoring disease development from a point source in closed …

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Evaluation Of Aposphaeria Amaranthi As A Bioherbicide For Pigweed (Amaranthus Spp.), A. S. Mintz, G. J. Weidmann Jan 1991

Evaluation Of Aposphaeria Amaranthi As A Bioherbicide For Pigweed (Amaranthus Spp.), A. S. Mintz, G. J. Weidmann

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Studies were conducted to determine the potential of the fungus, Aposphaeria amaranth!, as a bioherbicide for pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.). Experiments to establish the environmental parameters necessary for control of tumble pigweed (A. albus) demonstrated that an 8-hr dew period was sufficient for control of seedlings with four to six leaves, and that temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 C were conducive for disease development. Conidial concentrations as lowas 1x 10s conidia per ml also were sufficient for plant mortality. Host range tests demonstrated pathogenicity of A. amaranthi to several other species of Amaranthus, including biotypes resistant to triazine herbicides. Disease …

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Infection Rate Of Tall Fescue With Acremonium Coenephialum, B. J. Hankins, Terry Kirkpatrick Jan 1987

Infection Rate Of Tall Fescue With Acremonium Coenephialum, B. J. Hankins, Terry Kirkpatrick

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Host Reactions And Physical Properties Of Four Isolates Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus, Lisa Smith, James M. Mcguire Jan 1982

Host Reactions And Physical Properties Of Four Isolates Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus, Lisa Smith, James M. Mcguire

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Enzymatic Evidence That Leucine From Tentoxin In Levorotatory, J. T. Daniel, George E. Templeton Jan 1970

Enzymatic Evidence That Leucine From Tentoxin In Levorotatory, J. T. Daniel, George E. Templeton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Macroscopic And Microscopic Responses Of Gossypium Hirsutum L. To Hydrogen Fluoride Fumigation, Dan Timmermann Jr., Howard G. Applegate, E. Mark Engleman Jan 1970

Macroscopic And Microscopic Responses Of Gossypium Hirsutum L. To Hydrogen Fluoride Fumigation, Dan Timmermann Jr., Howard G. Applegate, E. Mark Engleman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Culture Environment Upon Sporangium And Zoospore Production Of Three Species Of Phytophthora, J. L. Dale, J. P. Jones Jan 1969

Effect Of Culture Environment Upon Sporangium And Zoospore Production Of Three Species Of Phytophthora, J. L. Dale, J. P. Jones

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Translocation Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus In Cucumber And Zinnia, B. J. Moore, J. M. Mcguire Jan 1968

Translocation Of Tobacco Ringspot Virus In Cucumber And Zinnia, B. J. Moore, J. M. Mcguire

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Purification Of Soybean Mosaic Virus, Wayne G. Horn, H. J. Walters Jan 1968

Purification Of Soybean Mosaic Virus, Wayne G. Horn, H. J. Walters

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Identification Of Ninhydrin Positive Components In Ethanolic Extracts Of Rice Panicles By Paper Chromatography, C. I. Grable, J. E. Presley, George E. Templeton Jan 1964

Identification Of Ninhydrin Positive Components In Ethanolic Extracts Of Rice Panicles By Paper Chromatography, C. I. Grable, J. E. Presley, George E. Templeton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Identification Of The Free Amino Acids Of Nematode Resistant And Susceptible Soybeans, J. R. Young, Robert D. Riggs Jan 1964

Identification Of The Free Amino Acids Of Nematode Resistant And Susceptible Soybeans, J. R. Young, Robert D. Riggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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