Plant Biology Commons^™

Geospatial Data Permanent Plot, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan, John L. Vankat

Data Files for Old-Growth Deciduous Forest Dynamics Archive: Hueston Woods

Permanent plot GIS shapefile that measures 100m x 105m and consists of 420 contiguous 5m x 5m subplots. There are 21 transects that run from south to north and 20 subplots per transect that run east to west. This downloadable data is a zipped file containing 8 shapefile building blocks. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_North_American_1983. Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402 (meters).

Field Maps 2022, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan, John L. Vankat

Data Files for Old-Growth Deciduous Forest Dynamics Archive: Hueston Woods

Historical field map scans (2022) for the permanent 100m x 105m research plot in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve.

Geospatial Data Trees 1994, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan, John L. Vankat

Data Files for Old-Growth Deciduous Forest Dynamics Archive: Hueston Woods

Location and demographic data collected for each individual tree in 1994 in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve. These maps were digitized from the historical field maps to a GIS shapefile for each sampling year. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_North_American_1983. Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402 (meters).

Geospatial Data Trees 2000, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan, John L. Vankat

Data Files for Old-Growth Deciduous Forest Dynamics Archive: Hueston Woods

Location and demographic data collected for each individual tree in 2000 in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve. These maps were digitized from the historical field maps to a GIS shapefile for each sampling year. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_North_American_1983. Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402 (meters).

Geospatial Data Trees 2022, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan, John L. Vankat

Data Files for Old-Growth Deciduous Forest Dynamics Archive: Hueston Woods

Location and demographic data collected for each individual tree in 2022 in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve. These maps were digitized to a GIS shapefile for each sampling year. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_North_American_1983. Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402 (meters).

Geospatial Data Trees 1988, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan, John L. Vankat

Data Files for Old-Growth Deciduous Forest Dynamics Archive: Hueston Woods

Location and demographic data collected for each individual tree in 1988 in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve. These maps were digitized from the historical field maps to a GIS shapefile for each sampling year. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_North_American_1983. Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402 (meters).

Garlic Curing: Post-Harvest Nutrient Remobilization From Leaves To Cloves, Mary L. Books

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is grown on small and large scales worldwide. After harvesting, garlic undergoes a drying process for long-term preservation, called curing. Some producers cure with leaves intact, while others will remove and discard the leaves, curing only the bulbs. Due to the ability of plants to remobilize nutrients from leaves to underground storage organs, such as bulbs, the curing method of garlic may affect clove nutrient content. This study explores nutrient remobilization responses in garlic when cured with leaves intact compared to leaves separated from bulbs. Four cultivars of garlic, German White, Chesnok Red, Romanian Red, and …

Analysis Of Root System Architecture And Qtl Identification In Grapevines, Sujan Thapa

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The root system of the plant plays a vital role in water and nutrient uptake. Native North American grapevines adapted to a broad range of climatic and soil conditions, which led to the evolution of diverse root system architecture (RSA) within the Vitis genus. Despite the importance of RSA in viticulture, little is known about the genetic basis of the RSA in grapevine. I used novel root phenotyping tool, RhizoVision Analyzer to characterize the root system of 208 genotypes of an F₁ grapevine progeny obtained from a cross between Vitis rupestris Scheele B38 and Vitis riparia Michx. HP-1. Dormant …

Field Validation Of A Farmer Supplied Data Approach To Close Soybean Yield Gaps In The Us North Central Region, José F. Andrade, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, Shawn P. Conley, John Gaska, Herman J. Kandel, Laura E. Lindsey, Seth Naeve, Scott Nelson, Maninder P. Singhi, Laura J. Thompson, James E. Specht, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

CONTEXT: Producer-reported data can be used to identify suites of management practices that lead to higher yield and profit. However, a rigorous validation of the approach in relation to its potential impact on farmer yield and profit is lacking.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate a producer-data approach on its capability to guide on-farm evaluation of management practices with greatest potential for increasing producer yield and profit. We show proof of concept using soybean in the North Central US region as a case study.

METHODS: We used a combination of regression tree analysis and a spatial framework to determine practices …

A New Perspective When Examining Maize Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Incrementally, Newell R. Kitchen, Curtis J. Ransom, James S. Schepers, Jerry L. Hatfield, Raymond Massey, Scott T. Drummond

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

For maize (Zea mays L.), nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is often summarized from field to global scales using average N use efficiency (NUE). But expressing NUE as averages is misleading because grain increase to added N diminishes near optimal yield. Thus, environmental risks increase as economic benefits decrease. Here, we use empirical datasets obtained in North America of maize grain yield response to N fertilizer (n = 189) to create and interpret incremental NUE (iNUE), or the change in NUE with change in N fertilization. We show for those last units of N applied to reach economic optimal N …

Inactivation Of The Entire Arabidopsis Group Ii Gh3s Confers Tolerance To Salinity And Water Deficit, Rubén Casanova-Sáez, Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí, Jan Šimura, Aleš Pěnčík, Ondřej Novák, Paul Staswick, Karin Ljung

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) controls a plethora of developmental processes. Thus, regulation of its concentration is of great relevance for plant performance. Cellular IAA concentration depends on its transport, biosynthesis and the various pathways for IAA inactivation, including oxidation and conjugation.

Group II members of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) gene family code for acyl acid amido synthetases catalysing the conjugation of IAA to amino acids. However, the high degree of functional redundancy among them has hampered thorough analysis of their roles in plant development.

In this work, we generated an Arabidopsis gh3.1,2,3,4,5,6,9,17 (gh3oct) mutant to knock out the group II …

Root Exudates Impact Plant Performance Under Abiotic Stress, Yen Ning Chai, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant root exudates serve pivotal roles in supporting plant development and interactions with the physicochemical and biological factors in the rhizosphere. Under stress conditions, root exudation is involved in enhancing plant resource-use efficiency and facilitating the crosstalk between plant and soil microbes to ameliorate stress. Although there are a large number of root exudates that remain to be characterized, recent technological advancements have allowed for the function of many exudate compounds to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the key root exudates that modulate plant resource-use efficiency under various abiotic stresses including drought, aluminum toxicity, phosphorus, …

Changes In The Barley Stem Proteome In Response To Drought During Grain Filling, Mohammed Al Slamh

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Drought is the major environmental factor that limits crop yield worldwide. Crops are particularly vulnerable to drought at the reproductive stage. In cereals, grain filling during drought depends on the contribution of current photosynthesis products from the leaf and spike and carbohydrates stored mainly in the stem and remobilized to the grain. Even though stem reserve is an important source for grain filling, changes in the proteome of barley stem under drought have not been studied. Also, the molecular events associated with differential stem reserve remobilization under drought are not well understood. In this study, barley plants were exposed to …

Nonnative Ungulate Impacts On Greater Sage-Grouse Late Brood-Rearing Habitat In The Great Basin, Usa, Mikiah R. Mcginn, Steven L. Petersen, Melissa S. Chelak, Randy T. Larsen, Loreen Allphin, Brock R. Mcmillan, Dennis L. Eggett, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Domestic livestock grazing is the dominant land use on much of the current range inhabited by greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) in the western United States. Nonnative feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) also inhabit important sage-grouse seasonal habitats. Overabundant feral horse populations and improper grazing by domestic cattle (Bos taurus) can impact the health of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and desert shrub rangeland communities and native wildlife. These impacts to sage-grouse can be exacerbated when they affect late brood-rearing habitat, which provide the forbs and arthropods required to fledge broods. Managers require better information …

Common Garden Study Reveals Frost-Tolerant, Generalist Northern Seed Sources Are Best Suited To Expand Range Of Quercus Rubra, Emily Lindback

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Climate change is shifting the potential suitable range of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) faster than it can migrate, creating an adaptation lag. Quercus rubra is prominent in eastern North American forests and important for its carbon sequestration, ecological roles, and economic significance. Our study addresses which populations of Q. rubra are best suited for climatic conditions at the northern and central range limits. Our findings can inform forestry management policies such as assisted migration, where species are transferred within their native range to mitigate the effects of climate change. We planted over 800 Q. rubra seedlings …

Ecological Intensification With Soil Health Practices Demonstrates Positive Impacts On Multiple Soil Properties: A Large-Scale Farmer-Led Experiment, Fernanda Souza Krupek, Daren D. Redfearn, Kent M. Eskridge, Andrea Basche

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Improving soil health is critical to reversing trends of soil degradation and is of increasing interest to a range of stakeholders including policymakers, agricultural industry leaders, food companies, and farmers. Crop and soil management practices focused on ecological functions can be effective in restoring fundamental biological, chemical and physical soil properties. The call for ecological intensification of agricultural systems has the potential to improve soil health and input-use efficiency. In this study, we developed a framework to classify spatial and temporal ecological intensification with soil health practices: tillage, crop rotation, cover crop, organic amendment, and crop-livestock integration. We applied this …

Geomorphic Gradients In Shallow Seagrass Carbon Stocks, Jahson Berhane Alemu, Siti Maryam Yaakub, Erik S. Yando, Rachel Yu San Lau, Cheng Chang Lim, Jun Yu Puah, Daniel A. Friess

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Seagrass meadows are important sinks of organic carbon (C_org), in particular the near-surface C_org pool (≤ 15 cm) compared to deeper sediments. Near-surface carbon is highly susceptible to disturbance and loss to the atmosphere, however, inadequate accounting for variability in this pool of carbon limits their uptake into carbon accounting frameworks. We therefore investigated the spatial variability in seagrass near-surface C_org and biomass C_org across different geomorphic (estuary, lagoonal and reef-associated) and community typologies (pioneer and persistent). Near-surface C_org stock in vegetated areas (25.78 Mg C_org ha⁻¹ ± 26.64) was twice that …

Targeting Transgenic Proteins To The Mitochondria In Plants, Susan Qudus, Jeffrey P. Mower

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants can convert an individual into female through sterilization of the male reproductive parts, creating an inability to produce functional pollen. In nature, this is advantageous for genetic diversity and producing progeny with unique genes that may be beneficial in evolution. For agriculture, this method is preferential for selection of desirable traits in crops when cross breeding. CMS is typically caused by genes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), such as novel open reading frames (ORFs) that form after imperfect repair of double-stranded breaks in the mtDNA. Specific CMS genes vary among various plant species. It …

The Effects Of Average Annual Temperature On Flowering Times And Flower Count, Angela Copploe

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Over a course of 15 years, three different species of flowers were examined to see the relationship between the increase in average annual temperature, flowering time, and flower count.

The Role Of Class Xi Myosin In Fertilization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Umma Fatema

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Fertilization is the process of fusion of haploid male and female gametes to develop a new individual. In most animals, microtubules drive the migration of the female pronucleus toward the male pronucleus for fertilization. By contrast, the fertilization process in flowering plants is dependent on actin filament (F-actin) dynamics; F-actin, not microtubules, is responsible for sperm nuclear migration. In one of the female gamete cells, the central cell, constant F-actin meshwork inward movement towards the nucleus takes place to transfer the sperm nucleus for karyogamy. This inward F-actin dynamic is controlled by a unique ARP2/3 (Actin Related Protein 2/3)-independent WAVE/SCAR …

First Plant Cell Atlas Symposium Report, Selena L. Rice, Elena Lazarus, Christopher Anderton, Kenneth Birnbaum, Jenniofer Brophy, Benjamin Cole, Diane Dickel, David Ehrhardt, Noah Fahlgren, Margaret Frank, Elizabeth Haswell, Shao-Shan Carol Huang, Samuel Leiboff, Marc Libault, Marisa S. Otegui, Nicholas Provart, R. Glen Uhrig, Seung Y. Rhee, The Plant Cell Atlas Consortium

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Plant Cell Atlas (PCA) community hosted a virtual symposium on December 9 and 10, 2021 on single cell and spatial omics technologies. The conference gathered almost 500 academic, industry, and government leaders to identify the needs and directions of the PCA community and to explore how establishing a data synthesis center would address these needs and accelerate progress. This report details the presentations and discussions focused on the possibility of a data synthesis center for a PCA and the expected impacts of such a center on advancing science and technology globally. Community discussions focused on topics such as data …

A Non-Destructive Approach For Measuring Rice Panicle-Level Photosynthetic Responses Using 3d-Image Reconstruction, Jaspinder Singh Dharni, Balpreet Kaur Dhatt, Puneet Paul, Tian Gao, Tala Awada, Paul Staswick, Jason Hupp, Hongfeng Yu, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Our understanding of the physiological response of rice inflorescence (panicle) to environmental stresses is limited by the challenge of accurately determining panicle photosynthetic parameters and their impact on grain yield. This is primarily due to lack of a suitable gas exchange methodology for panicles, as well as non-destructive methods to accurately determine panicle surface area. To address these challenges, we have developed a custom panicle gas exchange cylinder compatible with the LiCor 6800 Infra-red Gas Analyzer. Accurate surface area measurements were determined with a 3D panicle imaging platform to normalize the panicle-level photosynthetic measurements. We observed differential responses in both …

Identification Of Beneficial And Detrimental Bacteria Impacting Sorghum Responses To Drought Using Multi-Scale And Multisystem Microbiome Comparisons, Mingsheng Qi, Jeffrey C. Berry, Kira W. Veley, Lily O'Connor, Omri M. Finkel, Isai Salas-González, Molly Kuhs, Julietta Jupe, Emily Holcomb, Tijana Glavina Del Rio, Cody Creech, Peng Liu, Susannah G. Tringe, Jeffery L. Dangl, Daniel P. Schachtman, Rebecca S. Bart

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Drought is a major abiotic stress limiting agricultural productivity. Previous field-level experiments have demonstrated that drought decreases microbiome diversity in the root and rhizosphere. How these changes ultimately affect plant health remains elusive. Toward this end, we combined reductionist, transitional and ecological approaches, applied to the staple cereal crop sorghum to identify key root-associated microbes that robustly affect drought-stressed plant phenotypes. Fifty-three Arabidopsis-associated bacteria were applied to sorghum seeds and their effect on root growth was monitored. Two Arthrobacter strains caused root growth inhibition (RGI) in Arabidopsis and sorghum. In the context of synthetic communities, Variovorax strains were able to …

Evaluation Of Uav-Derived Multimodal Remote Sensing Data For Biomass Prediction And Drought Tolerance Assessment In Bioenergy Sorghum, Jiating Li, Daniel P. Schachtman, Cody F. Creech, Lin Wang, Yufeng Ge, Yeyin Shi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Screening for drought tolerance is critical to ensure high biomass production of bioenergy sorghum in arid or semi-arid environments. The bottleneck in drought tolerance selection is the challenge of accurately predicting biomass for a large number of genotypes. Although biomass prediction by low-altitude remote sensing has been widely investigated on various crops, the performance of the predictions are not consistent, especially when applied in a breeding context with hundreds of genotypes. In some cases, biomass prediction of a large group of genotypes benefited from multimodal remote sensing data; while in other cases, the benefits were not obvious. In this study, …

Temporal Changes In The Nutrient Content Of Cattle Dung In The Nebraska Sandhills Ecosystem, Amanda Shine, Martha Mamo, Gandura O. Abagandura, Walter Schacht, Jerry Volesky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Dung excreted by cattle composes a significant portion of the nutrient inputs in a grazed ecosystem and can have wide-ranging effects on soil properties and vegetation. However, little research has been conducted on the nutrient dynamics of excreted dung in situ that has not been disturbed prior to field sampling. In this study, we analyzed 294 dung pats (1–24 days old) collected from a Nebraska Sandhills meadow to determine water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), water-extractable nitrogen (WEN), water-extractable phosphorus (WEP), and percent dry matter (DM) changes over time. In addition, we investigated if sample handling - frozen storage – and the …

Predicting Munsell Color For Turfgrass Leaves, William L. Berndt, Roch E. Gaussoin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Linking turfgrass color to hue, value, chroma (H V/C) in the Munsell Plant Tissue Color Book is a visual comparison process for specifying and communicating plant color. If subjectivity of visual comparison can be mitigated, then accuracy of color matching may be improved. Research was conducted to develop an algorithm predicting H V/C from CIE-xyY color (xyY) in digital images of leaves of four turfgrasses. First, value-chroma (V/C) arrays for Munsell hue groups 5Y, 2.5GY, 5GY, 7.5GY, 10GY, and 2.5G were converted to xyY. Next, chromaticity (xy) plots from each array were fitted with …

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (Hppd)-Inhibiting Herbicides: Past, Present, And Future, Amit J. Jhala, Vipan Kumar, Ramawatar Yadav, Prashant Jha, Mithila Jugulam5, Martin M. Williams Ii, Nicholas E. Hausman, Franck E. Dayan, Paul M. Burton, Richard P. Dale, Jason K. Norsworthy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides are primarily used for weed control in corn, barley, oat, rice, sorghum, sugarcane, and wheat production fields in the United States. The objectives of this review were to summarize (1) the history of HPPD-inhibitor and their use in the United States, (2) HPPD-inhibitor resistant weeds, their mechanism of resistance, and management, (3) interaction of HPPD-inhibitor with other herbicides, and (4) the future of HPPD-inhibitor-resistant crops. As of 2022, three broadleaf weeds (Palmer amaranth, waterhemp, and wild radish) have evolved resistance to the HPPD-inhibitor. The predominance of metabolic resistance to HPPD-inhibitor was found in aforementioned three …

Limited Irrigation For Managing Declining Water Resources In The Us High Plains, Bijesh Maharjan, Gary Hergert, Saurav Das

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The US High Plains region has a semiarid climate receiving between 330 and 455 mm of rainfall annually. In the Nebraska Panhandle of the High Plains, 30-year average rainfall is 394 mm, and one-fourth of agriculture is under irrigation. In addition to concerns about water quality, there is a growing concern over water quantity for ground- and surface-water resources that producers use for irrigation. Wisely managing limited water resources for irrigation can help maintain crop productivity and profitability. Deficit irrigation research for 13 years (2005–2017) was conducted in the Nebraska Panhandle to study effects of limited irrigation on maize ( …

Charles A. Francis, Abstracts And Publications [1969--2022], December 2022, Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Contents

I. Journal articles (218), p.1

II. Book reviews (60), p. 18

III. Published abstracts (213), p. 23

IV. Books (23), p. 40

V. Chapters in books (81), p. 42

VI. Symposium or workshop proceedings (127), p. 50

VII. Symposia or extension publications edited (31), p. 62

VIII. Miscellaneous (522), p. 65

Improving Taxonomic Delimitation Of Fungal Species In The Age Of Genomics And Phenomics, Ashley Stengel, Kimberly M. Stanke, Amanda C. Quattrone, Joshua R. Herr

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Species concepts have long provided a source of debate among biologists. These lively debates have been important for reaching consensus on how to communicate across scientific disciplines and for advancing innovative strategies to study evolution, population biology, ecology, natural history, and disease epidemiology. Species concepts are also important for evaluating variability and diversity among communities, understanding biogeographical distributions, and identifying causal agents of disease across animal and plant hosts. While there have been many attempts to address the concept of species in the fungi, there are several concepts that have made taxonomic delimitation especially challenging. In this review we discuss …