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Articles 151 - 178 of 178
Full-Text Articles in Plant Biology
The Performance Of Maize Crop During Acid Amelioration With Organic Residues In Soils Of Mtwara, Tanzania, Ae Majule, Jo Omollo
The Performance Of Maize Crop During Acid Amelioration With Organic Residues In Soils Of Mtwara, Tanzania, Ae Majule, Jo Omollo
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study evaluated acid ameliorative potential and their effects on maize growth of four organic residues namely wild spikenard, cordia, cowpea and pigeon peas through incubations with or without sulphur. This was done in order to recommend potential organic residue source that could ameliorate soil acidity associated with sulphur dusting. Increased levels of sulphur in the soils reduced the growth and dry matter yields of maize due to intense acidification while maize growth and dry matter yields in soils which organic residues were incorporated was enhanced. Enhancement in maize performance may be a result of reduced soil acidity due to …
An Assessment Of Methods For Sampling Carabid Beetles (Coleptera: Carabidae) In A Montane Rain Forest, B. A. Nyundo, J. G. Yarro
An Assessment Of Methods For Sampling Carabid Beetles (Coleptera: Carabidae) In A Montane Rain Forest, B. A. Nyundo, J. G. Yarro
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pitfall trapping is the traditional method for sampling carabid beetles and other grounddwelling invertebrates. Tests were carried out in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park between March 1999 and July 2000. Results indicated that pitfall traps were less efficient compared to manual searching methods, both in terms of relative abundance and species richness of carabid beetles. The results are discussed in the context of biodiversity inventories in theEastern Arc Mountains.
Impact Of Small Scale Gold Mining On Soils Of The Wetland Forests In East Usambara, Tanzania, C. Kweyunga, R. B. M. Rbm Senzota
Impact Of Small Scale Gold Mining On Soils Of The Wetland Forests In East Usambara, Tanzania, C. Kweyunga, R. B. M. Rbm Senzota
Tanzania Journal of Science
Soil pits in disturbed and natural wetland forests of East Usambara were excavated and soil profile samples collected and analysed for physical and chemical properties. Their physical and chemical characteristics were found to be sharply different from those of the surrounding hills. Differences included lack of A Horizon, water saturation, presence of very high organic matter, very low pH and hence very poor in basic cations, and low microbial activity. Nutrient recycling, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, tended to shift from mineralization to immobilization. Effects of soil disturbance on both physical and chemical characteristics of the soils were also very vivid. …
Varietal Role In The Management Of The Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) In Stored Maize, C. P. Rugumamu
Varietal Role In The Management Of The Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) In Stored Maize, C. P. Rugumamu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study determined the amount of haemolymph vitellogenin (Vg) of the Larger Grain Borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) vitellogenic females reared on different maize varieties. The varieties were ZM 521, ZM 421, ECAVL1-DLN, WEEVIL A, LOCAL 1 and LOCAL 2. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) was conducted on the insect haemolymph. F1 LGB adults from each variety were used to determine Indices of Susceptibility (IS) of the varieties to the insect pest attack. Percentages of Vg from female insects and IS were in the order ZM 521>ZM 421> ECAVL1-DLN>WEEVIL A >LOCAL 1>LOCAL 2. Weight …
Vegetation Structure And Heavy Metal Uptake By Plants In The Mining-Impacted And Non Mining-Impacted Sites Of Southern Lake Victoria Wetlands, G. Y. S. Mtui, C. Mligo, M. K. D. Mutakyahwa, J. R. Ikingura
Vegetation Structure And Heavy Metal Uptake By Plants In The Mining-Impacted And Non Mining-Impacted Sites Of Southern Lake Victoria Wetlands, G. Y. S. Mtui, C. Mligo, M. K. D. Mutakyahwa, J. R. Ikingura
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study assessed the plant species composition and the heavy metal uptake by plants in the mining-impacted and non mining-impacted areas of the southern Lake Victoria basin. The vegetation of the wetlands was stratified into riverine forest, riverine thickets, swampy grassland, open woodland and floodplain grassland. Plant diversity at Nyamtukuza ranged between 2.34 to 2.70; at Geita was 2.29 to 2.57 and Mwakitolyo was between 1.08 to 1.70, which was significantly lower than the other two sites; whereas variation in plant species richness was not significant. TWINSPAN classification resulted into four clusters of the vegetation communities. Cluster A, a shrubby …
Evaluating The Performance Of Leucaena Accessions For Agroforestry In Sub-Humid Environment, Southern Tanzania, A. E. Majule
Evaluating The Performance Of Leucaena Accessions For Agroforestry In Sub-Humid Environment, Southern Tanzania, A. E. Majule
Tanzania Journal of Science
The performance of Leucaena accessions on acid soils in eastern coast Tanzania for agroforestry was evaluated for three years. Plant tree parameters assessed were fodder yield and plant stem height, stem girth, the number of total branches and poles production. Also, Leucaena psyllid, a common pest threatening the plants was also counted. Soil parameters assessed were pH organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium and magnesium. Result showed significant difference in growth between Leucaena accessions. Leucaena leucocephal cv K8 and Leucaena diversifolia were able to grow fast reaching 4.7 and 3.3 m respectively within a period of three years. Leucaena diversifolia …
Physico-Chemical And Grain Cooking Characteristics Of Selected Rice Cultivars Grown In Morogoro, N.B. Shayo, P. Mamiro, C. N. M. Nyaruhucha, T. Mamboleo
Physico-Chemical And Grain Cooking Characteristics Of Selected Rice Cultivars Grown In Morogoro, N.B. Shayo, P. Mamiro, C. N. M. Nyaruhucha, T. Mamboleo
Tanzania Journal of Science
A study was carried out at Sokoine University of Agriculture to characterize the local rice varieties grown in Morogoro Region basing on their physical-chemical characteristics and cooking quality parameters. Five cultivars of rice were analyzed and these included Kaling'anaula, Kihogo Red, Salama M17, Supa and Salama. The samples were collected from Crop museum, SUA. The chemical analysis was done to determine the proximate composition, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency as main determinants of cooking quality, sensory evaluation tests was done as determinants for consumer acceptance. The proximate composition results indicated protein content values between 7.94 and 9.46%, ash content between …
Genetics And Inheritance Of Seed Dormancy Inflicted By Seed- Coat Factors In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Z. L. Kanyeka
Genetics And Inheritance Of Seed Dormancy Inflicted By Seed- Coat Factors In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Z. L. Kanyeka
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study was undertaken to investigate the genetic mode of inheritance of dormancy imposed by the hull (seed coat) in rice seeds. Freshly harvested seeds of parents, F1 and F2 populations of a cross between a dormant cultivar Kisegese and non-dormant strain K2004 were used. Germination test of the de-hulled (without seed coat) and un-dehulled (whole or with seed coat) seeds were conducted at 10 days intervals starting at 15 days after harvesting (15DAH) for 65 days. The seeds were sown in petri dishes. Numbers of germinated and un-germinated seeds were recorded at 7 days after sowing. Germination of seeds …
Pathogenecity Of Two Strains Of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus On Aromatic Rice Cultivars, Z. L. Kanyeka
Pathogenecity Of Two Strains Of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus On Aromatic Rice Cultivars, Z. L. Kanyeka
Tanzania Journal of Science
Development of rice cultivars with resistance to rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) requires characterization of pathogenecity of existing strains against susceptible cultivars. The pathogenecity of two RYMV strains; S4 and S“New” identified in Tanzania were assessed against seven local and introduced rice genotypes including cultivars Zambia, ITA173 and TXD 88. The two virus strains showed similar effects on the rice cultivar Zambia killing all the plants at 25d after inoculation. The strains significantly reduced the plant height, panicle length, and number of tillers per pot and total dry matter of all the two cultivars. In another trial, the pathogenecity of …
Performance Of A Sisal Fibre Fixed-Bed Anaerobic Digester For Biogas Production From Sisal Pulp Waste, A. Mshandete, A. K. Kivaisi, M. S. T. Rubindamayugi, L. Björnsson, B. Mattiasson
Performance Of A Sisal Fibre Fixed-Bed Anaerobic Digester For Biogas Production From Sisal Pulp Waste, A. Mshandete, A. K. Kivaisi, M. S. T. Rubindamayugi, L. Björnsson, B. Mattiasson
Tanzania Journal of Science
A single stage anaerobic digester employing a sisal fibre waste fixed bed was studied for biogas production from sisal pulp waste. The fibre was colonized by microorganisms involved in biogas production. The sisal pulp waste to be digested was fed from the top and was sprinkled intermittently with recirculating leachate from the material. Organic loading rates of 0.1-10 kg volatile solids (VS) m-3d-1 could be applied and methane yields in the range of 0.13-0.48 m3 CH4 kg-1 VS added were obtained. The average methane content in the biogas produced from sisal pulp waste was 55%, and the biogas production rate …
Micron-Sized Polymeric Particles From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: Influence Of Reaction Parameters On Particle Size, Ymm Makame, W Johnson, Ll Mkayula
Micron-Sized Polymeric Particles From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: Influence Of Reaction Parameters On Particle Size, Ymm Makame, W Johnson, Ll Mkayula
Tanzania Journal of Science
Cashew nut shell liquid based polymer latexes of narrow size distribution and average particle sizes ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 µm were prepared by base catalysed emulsion polycondensation of cashew nut shell liquid of 820 centipoises viscosity with formaldehyde. The influence of emulsifier concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration and stirring rate on average particle size and size distribution was studied for the given geometry of the reactor and the stirrer. It was found that these variables have a significant effect on the particle size and particle size distribution and that average particles size can be predicted and controlled by the choice …
Distribution And Abundance Of The Edible Orchids Of The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Ams Nyomora
Distribution And Abundance Of The Edible Orchids Of The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Ams Nyomora
Tanzania Journal of Science
All orchids have showy flowers and many are therefore popular as exotic houseplants as well as contributing significantly to eco-tourism. A special attribute of some orchid genera is the production of edible tubers, an attribute that can contradict eco-tourism if harvesting is not done sustainably. Such is the case in the Southern Highlands where for example, Kitulo Plateau has been gazetted to be a National Park but where edible orchid harvesting is a serious conservation problem. Botanically, unsustainable harvesting can mean the loss of important germplasm even before some species are known to exist. A field survey was undertaken for …
Pesticide Residues In Water From Tpc Sugarcane Plantations And Environs, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, H Hellar, Ma Kishimba
Pesticide Residues In Water From Tpc Sugarcane Plantations And Environs, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, H Hellar, Ma Kishimba
Tanzania Journal of Science
We report herein, the analysis of water samples collected from TPC Sugarcane Plantation and its environs in Kilimanjaro region, which is the earliest intensive user of pesticides in Tanzania. A total of 50 water samples collected from 18 sampling sites between 2000 and 2001 were analyzed for pesticide residues. The organochlorines aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, HCHs, endosulfans and DDTs were detected with mean concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 636.7 ng/l. DDT and its metabolites were the most dominant in the detected residues whereas the endosulfans were the least dominant The residues\' concentrations were higher in the sugarcane fields than in …
Influence Of Simultaneous Infestations Of Prostephanus Truncatus And Sitophilus Zeamaison The Reproductive Performance And Maize Damage, C P Rugumamu
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study examined the combined effect of Prostephanus truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais infestations on their reproductive performance and on the damage they cause to maize variety ZM 621 with 12.5% moisture content. The specific objective was to determine the number of the insect pests at F1 and F2 and the grain weight losses caused by the simultaneous pests\' infestations of shelled maize in the search for a control strategy. The results showed a change in adult insect numbers from F1 to F2. During single infestation the change in P. truncatus was 47.54% while in simultaneous infestations it was 41.66%. The …
Preparations Of Spherical Polymeric Particles From Tanzanian Cashew Nut Shell Liquid By Suspension Polymerization, L L Mkayula, Y M M Makame, T H Matechi
Preparations Of Spherical Polymeric Particles From Tanzanian Cashew Nut Shell Liquid By Suspension Polymerization, L L Mkayula, Y M M Makame, T H Matechi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Spherical Polymeric Particles (SPP) have been prepared from Tanzanian Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) by suspension polymerization technique involving either step-growth or chain- growth polymerization mechanisms. The sizes of the SPP, which ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 mm were strongly influenced by the amounts of stabilizers in polymerization recipes used. The particles showed variable surface areas, indicative of the presence of pores in some of the preparations and the highest surface area recorded was about 260 m2g-1. The particles were found to exhibit Langmuir-type adsorption isotherms with saturation capacity of about 9.0 and 44.2 mg/g for Na+ and Ca2+, respectively. …
Concentrations Of Metals In River Sediment And Wetland Vegetations In Mining, Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania, Jf Machiwa
Concentrations Of Metals In River Sediment And Wetland Vegetations In Mining, Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania, Jf Machiwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Levels of metals were determined in river sediment, rice and sugarcane juice from Lake Victoria basin where small-scale gold processing activities are carried out to assess levels of contamination. Concentrations of metals in river sediments were generally high in areas that were closest to gold ore processing sites. For instance, mercury was highest (36.3 ±12.8 mg/g dw) in river sediments of Tigiti River in Mugumu District. Other heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) had highest concentrations (2.20±0.71, 208±19.3, 412±20.1 and 132.7±11.9mg/g dw, respectively) in sediment samples from Kagota. The concentration of arsenic was highest (985.0±67.2 mg/g dw) in Mugusu …
Insect Infestation Of Maize, Zea Mays (L.) In Indigenous Storage Structures In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Cp Rugumamu
Insect Infestation Of Maize, Zea Mays (L.) In Indigenous Storage Structures In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Cp Rugumamu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Insect infestations and losses of maize stored in four types of indigenous storage structures in Morogoro Region, Tanzania were investigated. Infestation levels and weight losses caused by the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) were found to differ significantly in the four types of storage structures (Dari, Kihenge, Kichanja and Reli). Lower infestation levels by the two pests and less weight losses were observed inDari and Kihenge than in Kichanja and Reli. The infestations and weight losses exhibited a significant trend that was in the order, Dari< Kihenge < Kichanja < Reli. These findings suggest that Dari and Kihenge are more appropriate for the incorporation in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for P. truncatus and S. zeamais in Morogoro Region.
Heritability Of Cooking Time And Water Absorption Traits In Dry Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Using A North Carolina Design Ii Mating Scheme, Fm Elia
Tanzania Journal of Science
Estimation of genetic variances, heritabilities and estimations of response to selection of the cooking time and water absorption traits of Andean gene pool of dry bean seed Phaseolus vulgaris L. were done. General combining ability (GCA) i.e. GCA males and GCA females, and Specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated. The parents were crossed in a North Carolina mating design II and genetic analysis was made on the F3 and F4. Both male and female effectations within sets for the cooking trait in F3 and F4 were highly significant for the traits studied. Variances due to General combining ability (GCA) and …
Pretreatment Of Robusta Coffee Hulls And Co-Digestion With Cow-Dung For Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion, A. K. Kivaisi
Pretreatment Of Robusta Coffee Hulls And Co-Digestion With Cow-Dung For Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion, A. K. Kivaisi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effect of alkali pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of Robusta coffee hulls with a lignin content of 29% was studied in batch culture at 55˚C. In order to investigate the effect of cow dung in minimising the effect of coffee-based inhibitory compounds, digestion experiments were performed with blends of pre-treated and non-treated coffee hulls and cow dung with 0,5,10,20,30,50,75 and 100% coffee hulls at a total volatile solids concentration of 1.8g/l fermentation volume. Methane production increased with increase in coffee hulls concentration up to 30% for both substrates. The lowest production was observed at 100% non-treated coffee hulls. Methane production …
Effect Of Cement Production On Vegetation In A Part Of Southwestern Nigeria, A. T. Salami, A. I. Farounbi, J. I. Muoghalu
Effect Of Cement Production On Vegetation In A Part Of Southwestern Nigeria, A. T. Salami, A. I. Farounbi, J. I. Muoghalu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The impact of cement dust emissions from the factory of West African Portland Cement at Ewekoro in Southwestern Nigeria on the surrounding vegetation was investigated. Sample plots of 20 m x 20 m were established at 1 km intervals from the factory site up to a distance of 10 km intervals from the factory site up to a distance of 10 km in the four cardinal directions. Leaves of common species were randomly selected for chlorophyll content analysis, leaf abundance and leaf area measurement. Woody as well as herbaceous species encountered within the established plots were enumerated, while soil samples …
Mechanistic Studies Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibition By Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, J Y N Philip, J Buchweishaija, L L Mkayula
Mechanistic Studies Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibition By Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, J Y N Philip, J Buchweishaija, L L Mkayula
Tanzania Journal of Science
The inhibition mechanism of the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) on SAE 1008 carbon steel corrosion in CO 2 saturated 3% NaCl solutions has been studied by weight loss, UV/VIS and electrochemical techniques. The phenoxide, R-Ar-O- ions from the CNSL inhibitor were found to be responsible for the reduction of the corrosion rate of the carbon steel. Also, it was observed that the surface charge of the carbon steel electrodes was positive with respect to the solutions containing CNSL inhibitor. It is likely that the mechanism of the CNSL inhibitor adsorption involved the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged metal …
Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rice Husks And Shells Of Palm Fruits, Jeg Mdoe, Ll Mkayula
Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rice Husks And Shells Of Palm Fruits, Jeg Mdoe, Ll Mkayula
Tanzania Journal of Science
Activated carbons from palm fruit shells (PFS) and rice husks (RH) were prepared using physical and chemical activation processes, respectively. The influence of activation time and temperature (in the case of PFS) and impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature (in the case of RH) on the properties of the resultant carbons were studied. In the case of PFS carbons, there were an increase in adsorption capacity and surface areas with increase in activation time and temperature. The surface area ranged between 292 and 642 m2g-1 at temperature range of between 1000 and 1200 K. In the case of RH carbons, surface …
Production Of Cell Wall Enzymes In Pepper Seedlings, Inoculated With Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus Etunicatum, A C Odebode, A O Salami, O Osunubi
Production Of Cell Wall Enzymes In Pepper Seedlings, Inoculated With Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus Etunicatum, A C Odebode, A O Salami, O Osunubi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pepper seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungus, Glomus etunicatum, produced cellulase, polygal-acturonase and pectin methylestrase enzymes. The activities of the enzymes increased as the pepper seedlings matured in age, showing that the activity of the enzymes in the seedlings was age mediated. The pectinases showed higher activity than the cellulase enzyme which may indicate establishment of the mycorrhizal in the host. The significance of this finding is that there is an initial infectivity factor in (AM) fungi interactions with plant just like in other host-parasite interaction.
Heavy Metals In Green Vegetables And Soils From Vegetable Gardens In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, O C Othman
Heavy Metals In Green Vegetables And Soils From Vegetable Gardens In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, O C Othman
Tanzania Journal of Science
Edible portions of five varieties of green vegetables, namely amaranth, chinese cabbage, cowpea leaves, leafy cabbage and pumpkin leaves, collected from several areas in Dar es Salaam, were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper. Except for zinc, the levels of heavy metals in the vegetables grown at Tabata area were much higher than in the vegetables from Ukonga and Kiwalani. Amaranth and pumpkin leaves had more than 60% higher content of heavy metals, especially copper, chromium and lead, than the other vegetables. All vegetables from Tabata, Buguruni and Sinza had lead-levels higher then the FAO/WHO recommended permissible …
Physicochemical Characteristics Of Some Locally Manufactured Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed In Dar Es Salaam, F N Ngassapa, O C Othman
Physicochemical Characteristics Of Some Locally Manufactured Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed In Dar Es Salaam, F N Ngassapa, O C Othman
Tanzania Journal of Science
The physicochemical properties (refractive index, saponification value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value and tocopherol content) of seven edible vegetable oils manufactured in Tanzania, were assessed using standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Also determined were the levels of these properties with respect to shelf storage of the products. When compared with standard values recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO/WHO and with other published results, the locally produced vegetable oils were found to be of fair quality but of poor storage stability.
D13c Signatures Of Flora, Macrofauna And Sediment Of A Mangrove Forest Partly Affected By Sewage Wastes, J F Machiwa
D13c Signatures Of Flora, Macrofauna And Sediment Of A Mangrove Forest Partly Affected By Sewage Wastes, J F Machiwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Stable carbon isotope ratios (d13C) of sediments, suspended particulate matter, and crab gut content from Maruhubi mangrove forest, Zanzibar, were determined. Stable carbon isotope ratios were used to determine sources of organic matter in the forest. Mangrove organic carbon (d13C±SD = - 27.97±0.25) was found to be an important component of the sediment organic matter except at the marine fringe zone (d13C±SD = - 17.26±0.83). The areal distribution of d13C values show that the marine fringe zone was rich in organic carbon of marine origin. The terrestrial fringe zone was dominated by a mixed source of sediment organic carbon (d13C±SD …
Influence Of Previous Liming, N And P Fertilization Of An Oxisol On Grain Yield In Navy Beans, H. O. Mongi, A. P. Uriyo
Influence Of Previous Liming, N And P Fertilization Of An Oxisol On Grain Yield In Navy Beans, H. O. Mongi, A. P. Uriyo
Tanzania Journal of Science
A field study was initiated towards the end of the 1973 rain season to assess some residual effects of lime, N and P applications to a moderately acid Oxisol (initial pH 5.6; LR 10 tons/ha) on grain yield in navy beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., grown soon following maize silage. The Oxisol was a sandy clay loam (35:13:52). The design was a split-plot, confounded factorial with 4 levels of lime at 0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 tons agricultural lime/ha; N at 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N/ha as ammonium sulphate; and P at 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg P/ha …
An Iteration Formula For Finding Roots Of Equations, R. W. P. Masenge
An Iteration Formula For Finding Roots Of Equations, R. W. P. Masenge
Tanzania Journal of Science
We seek the roots of the equation f(x) = 0.