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Articles 121 - 150 of 178
Full-Text Articles in Plant Biology
Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husks-Based Adsorbents, Fanuel J Ligate, James E.G Mdoe
Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husks-Based Adsorbents, Fanuel J Ligate, James E.G Mdoe
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study reports on the preparation and characterization of rice husks-based adsorbents and their application in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Three different adsorbents were developed: rice husks ash (RHA), rice husks ash-derived silica (RHS) and triaminopropyl-silica hybrid (TSH-R). The prepared materials were characterized by acid titration, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy and nitrogen physisorption analysis. Results from the ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that pure silica was obtained from RHA and that after surface modification the triaminopropyl group was successfully attached onto the silica framework with a …
Agro-Waste As Source Of Fine And Industrial Chemicals: Synthesis Of 2-Formyl-6-Hydroxybenzoic Acid And 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-Dione From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Lydia Kisula, Stephen J.M. Mdachi, Charles De Koning, Quintino A. Mgani
Agro-Waste As Source Of Fine And Industrial Chemicals: Synthesis Of 2-Formyl-6-Hydroxybenzoic Acid And 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-Dione From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Lydia Kisula, Stephen J.M. Mdachi, Charles De Koning, Quintino A. Mgani
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper reports on the synthesis of 2-formyl-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (8) and 4-methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione (10) from a renewable natural material Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) achieved in five and seven steps, respectively. Anacardic acid was isolated from CNSL, dimethoxylated into (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-8-enyl)benzoate which was subsequently hydrogenated into methyl 2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzoate. Benzylic bromination of the methoxyester, and dehydrobromination afforded (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-1-enyl)benzoate which upon ozonolysis gave methyl 2-formyl-6-methoxybenzoate. Oxidation and dehydration of 8 formed methoxyphthalic anhydride (10). The work reported in this paper has further demonstrated the resourcefulness of cashew nut shell liquid as a renewable natural resource for synthesis of fine and industrial chemicals.
Indigenous Tree Uses, Use-Values And Impact Of Human Population On Forest Size, Structure And Species Richness In Uluguru, Morogoro, Tanzania, David Sylvester Kacholi
Indigenous Tree Uses, Use-Values And Impact Of Human Population On Forest Size, Structure And Species Richness In Uluguru, Morogoro, Tanzania, David Sylvester Kacholi
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study assessed tree uses and use-values as well as impacts of human population on the forest size, species richness, basal area and stand density in the Uluguru forests in Morogoro Region. Interview with locals on the tree uses were done using structured questionnaires and use-value analysis techniques were used in analysing data. Trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm measured at 1.3 m above the ground were sampled from a total of 114 plots of 20 m x 20 m (0.04 ha) from the seven forests. A total of 42 species belonging to 20 families were …
Determination Of Radioactivity In Maize And Mung Beans Grown In The Neighborhood Of Minjingu Phosphate Mine, Tanzania, Leonid L. Nkuba, Najat K. Mohammed
Determination Of Radioactivity In Maize And Mung Beans Grown In The Neighborhood Of Minjingu Phosphate Mine, Tanzania, Leonid L. Nkuba, Najat K. Mohammed
Tanzania Journal of Science
Two staple foods (maize and mung beans) which were cultivated in Minjingu village, where there are phosphate deposits in Tanzania, were collected directly from the farms. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Th and 40K were determined in the maize and mung beans samples using γ-ray spectrometry employing HPGe detector of relative efficiency of 51.0%. The mean radioactivity levels in the food samples were found to be 21.01 ± 0.8 Bq/kg (mung beans), 25.6 ± 0.7 Bq/kg (maize) for 226Ra, 62.6 ± 1.1 Bq/kg (mung beans), 72.9 ± 1.0 Bq/kg (maize) for 228Th and 542.9 ± 8.6 Bq/kg (mung beans), 434.6 …
The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activities On The Vegetation Communities And Structure In The Western Part Of Rungwe Forest Reserve, Tanzania, Joseph Mwakosya, Cosmas Mligo
The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activities On The Vegetation Communities And Structure In The Western Part Of Rungwe Forest Reserve, Tanzania, Joseph Mwakosya, Cosmas Mligo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Rungwe Forest Reserve is among the degraded southern Tanzania tropical montane forests. It was investigated the effects of illegal anthropogenic activities on the plant community structure on the western part of Rungwe mountain forest reserve. The study area was classified into three levels of disturbance (least disturbed, moderately disturbed and highly disturbed) and transect method was used to collect data. Two clusters (clusters A and B) of plant communities based on Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) were found. Cluster A included communities from the least and moderate disturbed sites and cluster B had plant communities from the highly disturbed …
Prerequisites For Biocrops Up-Scaling I: An Assessment Of Seed Propagation Of Oilferous Plant Species With Potential For Biodiesel Production, Agnes Ms Nyomora, Esther P Masomhe
Prerequisites For Biocrops Up-Scaling I: An Assessment Of Seed Propagation Of Oilferous Plant Species With Potential For Biodiesel Production, Agnes Ms Nyomora, Esther P Masomhe
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study assessed the propagation of non- edible oil plant species with potential for biodiesel production on 4 potting media forest, sandy, clay and loamy soil using seeds. Investigation was based on assessment of seed germination capacity, rooting ability and seedling growth rate of six selected plant species Telfairia pedata, Jatropha curcas, Excoecaria bussei, Croton macrostachyus, Croton megalocarpus and Ricinus communis. Completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted for this study using 10 seeds per plot (5L capacity pots) with 4 replications. An ANOVA was conducted to test for the significance of the treatments while Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons test was used …
Prerequisites For Biocrops Up-Scaling Ii: An Assessment Of The Vegetative Method Of Propagation For Oilferous Plant Species With Potential For Biodiesel Production, Agnes Ms Nyomora
Tanzania Journal of Science
The rooting ability of hardwood cuttings from six selected non- edible oilferous plant species with potential for biodiesel production namely Telfairia pedata, Jatropha curcas, Excoecaria bussei, Croton macrostachyus, Croton megalocarpus and Ricinus communis was assessed on 4 different potting media i.e. forest top soil, sandy, clay and loamy soil. The proportion of cuttings that rooted were evaluated for the root numbers, root length, root dry weight, sprouting and callus formation. Complete randomized design (CRD) was adopted for the experiments and each of the species was replicated 4 times using 5 hardwood cuttings per plot (5 L capacity pots). An ANOVA …
Effects Of Temperature On The Physicochemical Properties Of Traditionally Processed Vegetable Oils And Their Blends, Fn Ngassapa, Ss Nyandoroa, Tr Mwaisaka
Effects Of Temperature On The Physicochemical Properties Of Traditionally Processed Vegetable Oils And Their Blends, Fn Ngassapa, Ss Nyandoroa, Tr Mwaisaka
Tanzania Journal of Science
The quality and stability of traditionally processed palm, sunflower and sesame oils and their blends as affected by temperature were evaluated by analyzing their physicochemical properties which included acid, saponification, peroxide, iodine values and refractive indices.. The initial quality of traditionally processed oils studied was found to be within the specifications of TZS and Codex requirements. The results further indicate that the quality of both unblended and blended traditionally processed vegetable oils deteriorate significantly at elevated temperatures (p < 0.05). However, the blends showed relatively better quality and stability than the unblended ones whereby the formulations of palm oil (PO) and sesame oil (SSO) appeared to be more stable than those of PO and sunflower oil (SO). This work suggests that blending of traditionally processed PO, SO and SSO improves the quality and stability of these oils.
Activity Of Enzyme Trypsin Immobilized Onto Macroporous Poly(Epoxy-Acrylamide) Cryogel, W Johnson, Ymm Makame
Activity Of Enzyme Trypsin Immobilized Onto Macroporous Poly(Epoxy-Acrylamide) Cryogel, W Johnson, Ymm Makame
Tanzania Journal of Science
Bovine pancreatic trypsin has been covalently immobilized onto monolithic polyacrylamide cryogels with epoxy functionality (Epoxy-MPAAGs). The covalent immobilization of trypsin onto Epoxy-MPAAGs was achieved through incorporation of ethylenediamine-glutaraldehyde spacers on the cryogels’ surfaces. The immobilization yield and the influence of pH and temperature conditions on the activity of the immobilized trypsin were assessed by using the hydrolysis of a low molecular weight substrate, N-α-benzoyl-D, L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). Optimal pH and temperature values of 9 and 50 °C, respectively, were established for both the immobilized trypsin and the free trypsin. Activity measurements from the native trypsin before immobilization and the residual free …
Polyphenoloxidase And Perioxidase Activity During Open Air Ripening Storage Of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.), Mango (Mangifera Indica) And Papaya (Carica Papaya) Fruits Grown In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Oc Othman
Tanzania Journal of Science
Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and perioxidase (POD), the enzymes responsible for causing browning and change in texture and flavor of fruits and vegetables, were extracted and measured in harvested mature pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), mango (Mangifera indica) (Viringe and Dodo varieties) and papaya (Carica papaya) fruits during off vine, open air, room temperature ripening storage. The initial (at harvest) average PPO activity values in Δ Optical Density (OD) per minute per cm3 of enzyme solution were 0.00074, 0.00083 and 0.0010 for early, mid and late season pineapple fruits respectively. The initial average PPO activity values in ΔOD/min/ cm3 of enzyme solution were …
Electrochemical Behaviour Of Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor Of Aloe Secundiflora Extract In Corrosion Control Of Carbon Steel In Soft Water Media, J Mutasingwa, J Buchweishaija, Jeg Mdoe
Electrochemical Behaviour Of Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor Of Aloe Secundiflora Extract In Corrosion Control Of Carbon Steel In Soft Water Media, J Mutasingwa, J Buchweishaija, Jeg Mdoe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Electrochemical behaviour of Aloe secundiflora on carbon steel corrosion control in neutral and aerated soft water solutions have been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization techniques. The investigation was performed at different inhibitor concentrations under static and dynamic conditions using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). The impedance and polarization results revealed that A. Secundiflora could be a potential corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel undergoing corrosion in fresh water medium. It was found that Aloe secundiflora reduces the electrochemical processes taking place on carbon steel undergoing corrosion. The inhibitor efficiency increases with increase in A. Secundiflora concentration and gradually …
Heavy Metal Content In Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables From Kariakoo Market, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Eb Mubofu
Tanzania Journal of Science
This work reports on the levels of cadmium, lead, copper, manganese and zinc in 174 samples from eight varieties of green vegetables (amaranth, Chinese cabbage, cowpea leaves, green pepper, leafy cabbage, lettuce, okra and pumpkin leaf) commonly grown in Dar es Salaam and marketed at Kariakoo, Tanzania. The amount of cadmium and lead ranged between 3-42 and 11-60 μg/kg respectively. The amount of copper, manganese and zinc ranged between 0.35 - 2.12, 1.01 - 7.57, and 1.19 - 6.33 μg/kg respectively. On average consumption pattern, the contribution of these vegetables to the recommended daily intakes (RDI) for cadmium and lead …
A Technique For Identification Of Intrinsic Resistance Of Maize Varieties To Sitophilus Zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestations, Cp Rugumamu
Tanzania Journal of Science
A new technique used to identify resistant maize varieties to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) infestations is presented. It applies Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) of the insect fat body to determine the levels of fat body vitellogenin (FVg) in the vitellogenic S. zeamais females which were reared on different maize varieties. Results on levels of FVg varied and ranged from 83.33% to 43.33% in insects raised in different varieties ANOVA of FVg, maize weight loss and F1 numbers showed significant differences among the varieties at P<0.05. Maize weight loss and F1 numbers were positively correlated with FVg, r = 0.74 and 0.98, P< 0.05. The revealed amounts of FVg in S. zeamais obtained from the varieties indicated varying intrinsic resistance of the varieties to the insect pest. The varieties exhibited resistance in descending order: ZM 621>H 622> H 511> Situka 1> Situka M1 …
Synthesis Of Organoamine-Silica Hybrids Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Components As Templates For The Catalysis Of A Model Henry Reaction, Sc Msigala, Jeg Mdoe
Synthesis Of Organoamine-Silica Hybrids Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Components As Templates For The Catalysis Of A Model Henry Reaction, Sc Msigala, Jeg Mdoe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Organoamine-silica hybrids were prepared by a co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and different aminoalkoxysilanes, namely, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-ethylenediamine and 3[2(2-amino)ethylamino]propyl trimethoxysilane, at different ratios using cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) components as templates. Of the major components of CNSL tested, only cardanol was found to be efficient as a template as it yielded 66% of the hybrid. The prepared materials were characterized by diffuse reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy and acid titration. Results indicated that indeed the organoamine groups were attached onto the silica surface, with a maximum loading of 2.9 mmol organic group per g silica. The materials …
Improving Propagation Success Of Dalbegia Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania (I): Characterization Of Mycorrhizal Associated With D. Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania, Wba Washa, Ams Nyomora, Hvm Lyaruu
Improving Propagation Success Of Dalbegia Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania (I): Characterization Of Mycorrhizal Associated With D. Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania, Wba Washa, Ams Nyomora, Hvm Lyaruu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Dalbergia melanoxylon is a plant with valuable wood in the world and therefore is over harvested for timber while its regeneration is very low. The propagation efforts by techniques such as tissue culture or mycorrhiza have not been investigated which instigated conduction of this study. Soil and cuttings were collected from Kilwa, Kilosa and Babati for rooting test, potting media and soil characterization. The results showed that fresh soil improved rooting characteristics while sterilized soil did not due to the presence of mycorrhiza in fresh soil compared to none in sterilized media. The overall rooting in fresh soil in non-mist …
Improving Propagation Success Of D. Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania (Ii): Rooting Ability Of Stem And Root Cuttings Of Dalbergia Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Response To Rooting Media Sterilization In Tanzania, Wba Washa, Ams Nyomora, Hvm Lyaruu
Improving Propagation Success Of D. Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania (Ii): Rooting Ability Of Stem And Root Cuttings Of Dalbergia Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Response To Rooting Media Sterilization In Tanzania, Wba Washa, Ams Nyomora, Hvm Lyaruu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Dalbergia melanoxylon is a plant with valuable wood in the world and therefore is over harvested for timber while its regeneration is very low. The propagation efforts by techniques such as tissue culture or mycorrhiza have not been investigated which instigated conduction of this study. Soil and cuttings were collected from Kilwa, Kilosa and Babati for rooting test, potting media and soil characterization. The results showed that fresh soil improved rooting characteristics while sterilized soil did not due to the presence of mycorrhiza in fresh soil compared to none in sterilized media. The overall rooting in fresh soil in non-mist …
Characterisation Of Rapeseed Oil Based Resins Using Infrared And Thermogravimetry Techniques, L. Y. Mwaikambo
Characterisation Of Rapeseed Oil Based Resins Using Infrared And Thermogravimetry Techniques, L. Y. Mwaikambo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Rapeseed oil which is a triglyceride had undergone chemical modification on its structure to obtain hydroxyl groups. The hydroxylated chemical structure was crosslinked using methylene-pphenyl diisocyanate to produce a thermoset rapeseed oil resin. The cross linking process was monitored in situ using the Attenuated Total Internal Reflectance Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy and the thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The infrared technique was also used to monitor chemical groups of the unmodified rapeseed oil. A reduction of the absorption band around 3300 cm-1 which is due to the presence of hydroxyl groups was observed indicating the occurrence of the reaction between the hydroxylated rapeseed …
Growth Performance, Yields And Economic Benefits Of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus And Kales Brassica Oleracea Cultured Under Vegetable-Fish Culture Integration, A. P. Shoko, A. Getabu, G. Mwayuli, Y. D. Mgaya
Growth Performance, Yields And Economic Benefits Of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus And Kales Brassica Oleracea Cultured Under Vegetable-Fish Culture Integration, A. P. Shoko, A. Getabu, G. Mwayuli, Y. D. Mgaya
Tanzania Journal of Science
An experiment was conducted for 210 days to demonstrate the role of vegetable-fish culture integration in the growth, yields and economic benefits of fish and vegetables. Two 200 m2 earthen fishponds were stocked with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at 20,000 fish fingerlings per hectare. Pond A was fertilized with chicken manure and stocked fish fed on 35% crude protein supplementary diet referred to here as treated fish pond (TFP). Another fish pond was not fertilized and the fish stocked in it did not receive any supplementary diet referred to here as non treated fish pond (NTFP). Twelve vegetable plots of …
Evaluation Of Single-Step Steam Pyrolysis-Activated Carbons From Lesotho Agro-Forestry Residues, I. Hapazari, V. Ntuli, W. Parawira
Evaluation Of Single-Step Steam Pyrolysis-Activated Carbons From Lesotho Agro-Forestry Residues, I. Hapazari, V. Ntuli, W. Parawira
Tanzania Journal of Science
Activated carbon has been widely used worldwide as an effective filtration or adsorption material for removing biological and chemical contaminants from drinking water. The potential of producing activated carbon (AC) from local agroforestry residues by single-step steam pyrolysis processes was investigated. The research aims to promote innovative use of local raw materials and relatively low-cost techniques in production of activated carbon. Four varieties of activated carbons from four different agroforestry residues, pine (Pinus contorta) cones (PC), Abies (Abies cilicica) seeds (AS), maple (Acer ginnala) seeds (MS) and peach (Prunus persica) stones (PS), were prepared and evaluated. The ACs were evaluated …
Anthropogenic Disturbance On The Vegetation In Makurunge Woodland, Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, C. Mligo, C. Mligo
Anthropogenic Disturbance On The Vegetation In Makurunge Woodland, Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, C. Mligo, C. Mligo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Makurunge woodland is part of the major vegetation component covering coastal forest landscape in Tanzania that has been severely affected by anthropogenic disturbance. The present study determined the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on biomass, diversity, plant communities and plant species distribution pattern using nested sample plots systematically established along transects. Six major vegetation communities with different biomass were found. Plant species diversity ranged from 2.5 to 3.3 and was high in scrub forests, riverine and thicketed habitats, although the difference among these habitats was not significant (P>0.05). About 61-90% of the woodland was affected and this influenced the plant …
Classification Of Plants According To Their Heavy Metal Content Around North Mara Gold Mine, Tanzania: Implication For Phytoremediation, N. Mganga, Mlk Manoko, Z. K. Rulangaranga
Classification Of Plants According To Their Heavy Metal Content Around North Mara Gold Mine, Tanzania: Implication For Phytoremediation, N. Mganga, Mlk Manoko, Z. K. Rulangaranga
Tanzania Journal of Science
Plants like other living organisms respond differently under different environmental conditions. An elevated level of heavy metals is one of the stresses which results into three classes of plants depending on their heavy metal content. The classes of plant species according to their accumulated heavy metals around North Mara Gold Mine were not known. To study such classes, a line transect of 700m long was established opposite the gold mine wastes. A total of eight sampling points were systematically established each after every 100m in that transect. Fifteen plant species were sampled; at least one species per sampling point. Approximately …
Effects Of Mulching, Fertilizer, Seeding And Seedling Treatments On Plant Species Recovery In Kondoa Irangi Hills, Tanzania, H. V. M. Lyaruu
Effects Of Mulching, Fertilizer, Seeding And Seedling Treatments On Plant Species Recovery In Kondoa Irangi Hills, Tanzania, H. V. M. Lyaruu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Fertilization, mulching, imported seed bank seeding and seedlings were applied to triplicates of 1m x1m plots at Chakwe and Gubali sites in Kondoa Irangi Hills, Tanzania. Responses tested were seedling recruitment, species turnover, species’ biomass, mortality of seedlings, total number of perennial and woody species recruited and leguminous species. There were high significant correlations of 0.85 and 0.87 between seedling recruitment and mortality in both sites, indicating that other factors, probably aridity, rather than prevailing site conditions were likely to be important determinants of mortality. Inorganic fertilization was not an efficient means of improving short-term productivity, seedling recruitment or increased …
Heavy Metal Levels In Paddy Soils And Rice (Oryza Sativa (L)) From Wetlands Of Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania, J. F. Machiwa
Heavy Metal Levels In Paddy Soils And Rice (Oryza Sativa (L)) From Wetlands Of Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania, J. F. Machiwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
A survey of paddy fields in Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) wetlands was conducted at a wider scale in different locations including closer to mining and within urbanized areas in Tanzania. The objective of the study was mainly to assess the present situation with regard to levels of heavy metals in O. sativa grains harvested locally as well as to set the baseline levels of some heavy metals in paddy fields. The results showed that the levels of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and total Mercury in brown rice are generally within the acceptable levels for human food. However, higher concentration …
Urban Dietary Heavy Metal Intake From Protein Foods And Vegetables In Dar Es Salaam, F. N. Ngassapa, O. C. Othman, E. Elisante
Urban Dietary Heavy Metal Intake From Protein Foods And Vegetables In Dar Es Salaam, F. N. Ngassapa, O. C. Othman, E. Elisante
Tanzania Journal of Science
Contamination of food and food products by heavy metals has made dietary intake as one of the major routes of these harmful elements to human beings. The human dietary intake of heavy metals cadmium, copper, lead and zinc from protein-foods (beans, meat, fish, milk) and green vegetables consumed daily from restaurants and street food-vendor kiosks in Dar es Salaam were determined using the Total Diet Study (TDS) method. The cooked food was bought from the restaurants and street food-vendors at several city locations (i.e. Buguruni, Manzese, Mwenge, Temeke and Ubungo) over several months and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations were determined …
Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Storage-Ripened Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Fruits Varieties Of Eastern Tanzania, O C Othman, G P Mbogo
Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Storage-Ripened Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Fruits Varieties Of Eastern Tanzania, O C Othman, G P Mbogo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Two mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit varieties, Dodo and Viringe, from two localities of Eastern Tanzania, (Muheza in Tanga and Ifakara in Morogoro), were harvested as mature green fruits during early, mid and late season and allowed to ripen while stored at room temperature. The fruits were analyzed for their proximate composition (ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fibre, moisture), reducing and total sugars content, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids content, concentration of four macro elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and seven heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn). The results showed that the mango fruits had …
Assessment Of Post-Harvest Technologies And Gender Relations In Maize Loss Reduction In Pangawe Village Eastern Tanzania, C P Rugumamu
Assessment Of Post-Harvest Technologies And Gender Relations In Maize Loss Reduction In Pangawe Village Eastern Tanzania, C P Rugumamu
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this paper the use of gender sensitive technologies in the reduction of post-harvest maize losses at farm level is advocated as a strategy for household food security. The study was conducted in Pangawe village, eastern Tanzania. It employed participatory approaches to investigate farmers’ perceptions on loss management. Storage trials were carried out to determine maize losses caused by insect pests in the sub-villages. Perceptions were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. ANOVA assessed losses in storage trials. Major post-harvest processes included farm field; en-route; homestead and storage. All activities except winnowing were carried out by both men and women at varying …
Plants As A Source Of Green Corrosion Inhibitors: The Case Of Gum Exudates From Acacia Species (A. Drepanolobium And A. Senegal), J Buchweishaija
Plants As A Source Of Green Corrosion Inhibitors: The Case Of Gum Exudates From Acacia Species (A. Drepanolobium And A. Senegal), J Buchweishaija
Tanzania Journal of Science
The inhibitive performance of gum exudates from Acacia drepanolobium and Acacia senegal from Tanzania, towards the corrosion of mild steel in fresh water has been investigated. The experimental methods include potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The results indicate that gum exudates (Acacia drepanolobium and Acacia senegal) exhibit good inhibition characteristics to corrosion on mild steel under fresh water medium and the inhibition efficiency of up to 90.7% and 99.7% respectively was attained at 30 oC. Furthermore, the studies have shown that the inhibition performance remained above 90% on both Acacia exudates independent of the raise in temperature. …
Physical And Chemical Composition Of Storage-Ripened Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Fruits Of Eastern Tanzania, O C Othman
Physical And Chemical Composition Of Storage-Ripened Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Fruits Of Eastern Tanzania, O C Othman
Tanzania Journal of Science
The proximate composition (ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fibre, moisture and sugars), soluble solids, ascorbic acid, polyphenol oxidase activity, macro-nutrients and heavy metal contents of storage-ripened papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits from Mbezi, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were determined. The determinations were repeated for early, middle and late-season papaya fruits. The fruits were always harvested at the mature green stage and allowed to ripen during room temperature storage. The results showed that papaya fruits had high moisture content (>85.5%), low acidity (<0.18% c.a.), low crude fat (0.10 g/100 g-edible portion), moderate crude fibre (1.45 g/100 g-edible portion), high ascorbic acid content (>84.5 mg/100 g- fw), moderate total sugars (>13.0%) and soluble solids (>12.9%) content. Early-season …
Abundance And Diversity Of Seagrass And Macrofauna In The Intertidal Areas With And Without Seaweed Farming Activities In The East Coast Of Zanzibar, Thomas J Lyimo, Esther F Mvungi, Yunus D Mgaya
Abundance And Diversity Of Seagrass And Macrofauna In The Intertidal Areas With And Without Seaweed Farming Activities In The East Coast Of Zanzibar, Thomas J Lyimo, Esther F Mvungi, Yunus D Mgaya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The diversity and abundance of seagrass and associated macrofauna were studied in transects with and without seaweed farms at Chwaka Bay and Jambiani, in the East Coast of Zanzibar. Eight seagrass species, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis and Enhalus acoroides were recorded in the transects. The mean total biomass of seagrass at Chwaka Bay ranged from 142.4 ± 70.71 to 1652 ± 772.7 g dw/m2 and 212.9 ± 146.2 to 1829 ± 1692 g dw/m2 in station with and without seaweed farms, respectively. At Jambiani, the mean total biomass ranged …
Seed Longevity Of Dominant Plant Species From Degraded Savanna In Semi-Arid Tanzania, Hvm Lyaruu
Seed Longevity Of Dominant Plant Species From Degraded Savanna In Semi-Arid Tanzania, Hvm Lyaruu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Artificially buried seeds were followed by periodic exhumation and germination during 21 months in Kondoa Irangi Hills, central Tanzania. Viable seeds from thirteen selected species were buried in polythene envelopes at a depth of 15 cm below woodland vegetation. Lethal germination, fungal decay and insect infestation were singled out as the most important contributors to loss of viability among seeds. Hierarchical clustering based on a seed’s mean viability, seed shape and presence or absence of dispersal appendages, produced three distinct groups: (1) non-dormant seeds (2) seeds with enforced dormancy and (3) seeds with seed coat imposed dormancy. The low decay …