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2018

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Articles 331 - 350 of 350

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Phenotypic Plasticity And Specialization Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Trifolium Repens, Fati̇h Fazlioğlu, Justin S.H. Wan, Stephen P. Bonser Jan 2018

Phenotypic Plasticity And Specialization Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Trifolium Repens, Fati̇h Fazlioğlu, Justin S.H. Wan, Stephen P. Bonser

Turkish Journal of Botany

Phenotypic plasticity and specialization represent seemingly contrasting strategies to heterogeneous environments. Specialization is associated with the loss of phenotypic plasticity, particularly in functional traits. However, it is equivocal if this loss of plasticity is observed only in the specific habitat and stress type where the specialization occurs or a general loss of plasticity is seen across habitats. We examined populations of Trifolium repens L. following an expansion during the colonization of Australia from relatively good low altitude habitats to more stressful high altitude habitats in the Blue Mountains region, New South Wales, Australia. We examined if specialization to abiotic stress …

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Systematics Value Of Micromorphological And Palynological Characters In Stenocephalum Sch.Bip. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae), Maria Betiana Angulo, Laura Chalup, Massimiliano Dematteis Jan 2018

Systematics Value Of Micromorphological And Palynological Characters In Stenocephalum Sch.Bip. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae), Maria Betiana Angulo, Laura Chalup, Massimiliano Dematteis

Turkish Journal of Botany

Micromorphological and palynological characters of all Stenocephalum Sch.Bip. species (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) were analyzed to evaluate their reliability as taxonomic markers at generic level and discussed in relation to other genera of the subtribe Lepidaploinae. Characters such as pubescence of corollas and cypselae showed glandular and nonglandular trichomes allowing differentiation among related species. Apical appendages without glandular trichomes, caudate anthers, and carpopodium structure are common characteristics among Stenocephalum species. With the exceptions of S. megapotamicum and S. tragiaefolium, almost all species of the genus showed style bases without basal nodes for the first time. Crystals on the fruits wall were also …

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Interpopulation Variations In Morphochemical Characteristics Of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni, Neena Kumari, Ravinder Raina, Yash Pal Sharma Jan 2018

Interpopulation Variations In Morphochemical Characteristics Of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni, Neena Kumari, Ravinder Raina, Yash Pal Sharma

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni segregants and to characterize them morphochemically to facilitate selection of superior genotypes for hybridization in breeding programs. Two identified strains named A and B and their segregant populations (F1 and F2) were evaluated with their morphological and chemical characteristics. Various qualitative and quantitative morphological characters including leaf shape, plant type (loose or compact), plant habit, plant height, and shoot collar diameter were considered. Simultaneously stevioside and rebaudioside-A content was evaluated. A few individuals were identified with rebaudioside-A content ranging from 5.11% to 8.55% and the ratio …

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The Morphological Intermediacy Of Erigeron ×Huelsenii (Asteraceae), A Hybrid Between E. Acris And E. Canadensis, Artur Pliszko, Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt Jan 2018

The Morphological Intermediacy Of Erigeron ×Huelsenii (Asteraceae), A Hybrid Between E. Acris And E. Canadensis, Artur Pliszko, Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphological intermediacy is considered the first evidence of hybridization in many plant studies. However, morphological intermediacy does not always provide hybrid origin and can be a result of divergence. In this study, the authors revised the morphological intermediacy of Erigeron ×huelsenii, a putative hybrid between the Eurasian E. acris s. str. and North American E. canadensis, using the character count procedure, a method that allows distinguishing hybridity from divergence. The measurements were made on herbarium specimens, including 100 specimens of E. acris s. str., 100 specimens of E. canadensis, and 50 specimens of E. ×huelsenii, which were collected in northeastern …

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Seed Structure And Its Taxonomic Implications For Genus Thlaspi Sensu Lato Sectionsnomisma, Thlaspi, And Pterotropis (Brassicaceae), Mehmet Cengi̇z Karai̇smai̇loğlu, Osman Erol Jan 2018

Seed Structure And Its Taxonomic Implications For Genus Thlaspi Sensu Lato Sectionsnomisma, Thlaspi, And Pterotropis (Brassicaceae), Mehmet Cengi̇z Karai̇smai̇loğlu, Osman Erol

Turkish Journal of Botany

We studied morphological and anatomical characteristics of seeds of 22 taxa in the sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis of Thlaspi sensu lato from Turkey and the significance of these characters in a taxonomical context. The results show that the taxa differ from each other in terms of seed shape and color. The seed size ranges from 1.25 mm to 2.99 mm in length and from 0.66 mm to 2.16 mm in width, Thlaspi rosulare and T. tatianae having the largest and T. annuum having the smallest seeds. The seed surface ornamentation is classified into nine types: reticulate-areolate, scalariform, reticulate, reticulate-foveate, …

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A New Species Of Barssia (Ascomycota, Helvellaceae) From Turkey, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin Jan 2018

A New Species Of Barssia (Ascomycota, Helvellaceae) From Turkey, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species of the genus Barssia was identified from Turkey using both morphological and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU rDNA) gene sequences. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the fresh samples were photographed and a diagnostic key of the genus Barssia was built considering characteristics of known species.

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Advances To The Taxonomic Knowledge Of Plantago Subulata(Plantago Sect. Maritima, Plantaginaceae), Gustavo Hassemer Jan 2018

Advances To The Taxonomic Knowledge Of Plantago Subulata(Plantago Sect. Maritima, Plantaginaceae), Gustavo Hassemer

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plantago sect. Maritima is a group of Mediterranean narrow-leaved plantains whose taxonomy and nomenclature are particularly complex and still unresolved. This work has the objective of advancing the taxonomic knowledge of this section by revising and presenting novelties for the synonymy of P. subulata, including the lectotypification of four names with recent usage (since 1985) within this group: P. sarda, P. subulata var. atlantis, P. subulata var. granatensis, and P. subulata var. insularis. Furthermore, two synonymizations are newly proposed, and the situation of two Plantago species names published by Nyman in 1881 in his Conspectus Floræ Europææ is clarified.

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Validation Of The Quercus (Fagaceae) Taxa Described By Djavanchir Khoie, Parisa Panahi, Ziba Jamzad Jan 2018

Validation Of The Quercus (Fagaceae) Taxa Described By Djavanchir Khoie, Parisa Panahi, Ziba Jamzad

Turkish Journal of Botany

In a taxonomic revision of the genus Quercus L. in Iran, 25 taxa named by Djavanchir Khoie in 1967 were studied and evaluated. These taxa were described in his PhD thesis but not validly published according to Arts. 30.8. and 40.1. of the ICN. According to our studies, seven of them are accepted taxa. In this paper we validate them. The original descriptions are provided, an identification key for these taxa is presented, and the types are designated in MPU.

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Gamma Irradiation Enhancement Of Biofilm Production In Bacillus Amyloliquifaciensand Effect Of Mutants' Inoculation On Apx1 Expression In Salt-Stressed Egyptian Barley, Reda Gaafar, Wedad Kasim, Rania Abou-Ali, Mohamed Omar, Heba Hewait Jan 2018

Gamma Irradiation Enhancement Of Biofilm Production In Bacillus Amyloliquifaciensand Effect Of Mutants' Inoculation On Apx1 Expression In Salt-Stressed Egyptian Barley, Reda Gaafar, Wedad Kasim, Rania Abou-Ali, Mohamed Omar, Heba Hewait

Turkish Journal of Botany

Gamma rays are known to induce random mutations, which are used to enhance the production of biofilms in bacteria. Therefore, to improve the activity of biofilm formation in wild Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (HM6), this bacterial strain was mutated using five doses of gamma irradiation. Sixteen mutants and their wild strain B. amyloliquefaciens (HM6) were tested for biofilm formation under two different (250 and 350 mM) NaCl concentrations. Only six mutants exhibited a significant increase in biofilm formation under 350 mM NaCl. Inoculation of salt-stressed Giza123 barley seedlings with the two mutants (M1 and M7), which showed distinguishable rep-PCR patterns, and their …

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Site Conditions And Functional Traits Affect Regeneration Dynamics Of European Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus L.) In Forest Canopy Gaps, Éva Salamon-Albert, Ágnes Csiszár, Dénes Bartha Jan 2018

Site Conditions And Functional Traits Affect Regeneration Dynamics Of European Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus L.) In Forest Canopy Gaps, Éva Salamon-Albert, Ágnes Csiszár, Dénes Bartha

Turkish Journal of Botany

European hornbeam is a deciduous tree in mixed forest ecosystems, making a valuable contribution to species richness at a community level. We investigated early-phase regeneration of saplings in canopy gaps under contrasting ecological conditions by analyzing relationships between site parameters, leaf nutrients, and light-regulated carbon and water exchange functions at ecosystem and forest levels. Using plant response variables, we also detected functional soft traits and trade-offs. Species abundance proved to be affected by the elevation and slope of the sites, air humidity, precipitation during the growing period, as well as light-dependent and light-saturated rate of the assimilation function. Relationship between …

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Seed Morphology Of The Genus Astragalus L. From North Asia, Tatiana Shemetova, Andrey Erst, Wei Wang, Kunli Xiang, Cem Vural, Zeki̇ Aytaç Jan 2018

Seed Morphology Of The Genus Astragalus L. From North Asia, Tatiana Shemetova, Andrey Erst, Wei Wang, Kunli Xiang, Cem Vural, Zeki̇ Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Botany

Astragalus is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and a characteristic component of the steppes and mountains of North Asia. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the seed morphology of 56 species of the genus from North Asia. In Astragalus , seed color varies from yellow-green, greenish brown, reddish brown to grayish brown. Seed shapes include reniform- globose, rombiform, and oblong-elliptical. Seed sizes vary from 1.25 x 0.88 mm to 4.94 x 3.29 mm. Anticlinal walls are straight, undulate, or slightly thickened, and the periclinal walls are aveolate, stellate, pectinate, or rugose. We recognized two main types …

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Noccaea Ali-Atahanii (Brassicaceae): A New Species From Southern Anatolia, Yelda Güzel, Bariş Özüdoğru, Sami̇m Kayikçi, Kurtuluş Özgi̇şi̇ Jan 2018

Noccaea Ali-Atahanii (Brassicaceae): A New Species From Southern Anatolia, Yelda Güzel, Bariş Özüdoğru, Sami̇m Kayikçi, Kurtuluş Özgi̇şi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Noccaea ali-atahanii , a new Brassicaceae species from southern Anatolia, is described herein. It is mostly similar to N. aghrica , but can be readily distinguished by the presence of apical placentation and orbiculate fruit with wings extending almost evenly from the base to the apex. Its phylogenetic relationships within the genus are provided based on the nuclear-encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. Carpological and ecological features of N. ali-atahanii and related species are also discussed.

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Boletus Himalayensis (Basidiomycota; Boletales), A New Porcini Species From Pakistan, Samina Sarwar, Sana Jabeen, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Bryn Dentinger, Abdul Nasir Khalid Jan 2018

Boletus Himalayensis (Basidiomycota; Boletales), A New Porcini Species From Pakistan, Samina Sarwar, Sana Jabeen, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Bryn Dentinger, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphology and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS and LSU regions of nrDNA were carried out on bolete collections belonging to Boletus s. str., originating from the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis outlined the existence of previously unknown species of this genus. It is described here as Boletus himalayensis . Illustrations of the macroscopic characters and the microscopic features of the new species are provided. The distinction of B. himalayensis from allied species is discussed.

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Drivers Of Post-Fire Vascular Plant Regeneration In The Conifer-Dominated Boreal Forest Of Southern Northwest Territories, Alison White Jan 2018

Drivers Of Post-Fire Vascular Plant Regeneration In The Conifer-Dominated Boreal Forest Of Southern Northwest Territories, Alison White

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In recent years, climate warming has led to an increase in the severity and frequency of naturally occurring fires in boreal ecosystems globally. In 2014, an unprecedented 3.4 million hectares of boreal forest burned in the Northwest Territories (NWT). While much research has focused on post-fire succession of serotinous tree species such as Picea mariana (black spruce) and Pinus banksiana (jack pine), the understory community of vascular plants play an important role in ecosystem functioning but less is known about the response of this component of the system to changing fire regimes. Regeneration strategies such as the ability to resprout …

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Flowering Phenology And Pollination Biology Of Ceropegia Thailandica Meve And Ceropegia Suddeei Kidyoo, Chayanin Kraithep Jan 2018

Flowering Phenology And Pollination Biology Of Ceropegia Thailandica Meve And Ceropegia Suddeei Kidyoo, Chayanin Kraithep

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The flowers of the genus Ceropegia have complex structures that involve in pollination mechanism. These structres gynostegium, pollinarium and corona. Moreover, the corolla tube which is inflated at base and the corolla lobes are connate only at tip forming a cage-like structure functions as a trap. When pollinators are attracted to flower, they could be temporarily trapped inside the flower. From previous studies, there are about 18 species in Thailand. Most Thai species have flowers characterized by a long narrow corolla lobe with distinct inflated basal portion. However, some species have a short corolla tube, such as C. thailandica Meve. …

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Taxonomic Revision And Pollination Biology Of Orchid Genera Crepidium Blume And Dienia Lindl. (Malaxidinae, Orchidaceae) In Thailand, Anchalee Nuammee Jan 2018

Taxonomic Revision And Pollination Biology Of Orchid Genera Crepidium Blume And Dienia Lindl. (Malaxidinae, Orchidaceae) In Thailand, Anchalee Nuammee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The terrestrial orchid Crepidium Blume and Dienia Lindl. in Thailand were enumerated by Gunnar Seidenfaden under Malaxis with key and drawings. Because of no species descriptions in publication, it is difficult to delimit species boundary. Moreover, recent discovery of new species results in unreliable assessment of species, therefore, the taxonomic revision of Crepidium and Dienia in Thailand should be carried out. The results indicated that the column and transversal callus on labellum are taxonomically important characters to delimit these two genera. In addition, morphological characters, i.e. stem and leaf morphology, labellum auricles, margins and number of teeth on distal margin …

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Taxonomic Revision Of The Fern Family Athyriaceae In Thailand, Puttamon Pongkai Jan 2018

Taxonomic Revision Of The Fern Family Athyriaceae In Thailand, Puttamon Pongkai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The most up-to-date account of the Athyriaceae is in Flora of Thailand. This account includes seven genera, i.e. Athyrium, Anisocampium, Cornopteris, Deparia, Diplazium, Hypodematium and Kuniwatsukia. Previously, the taxonomic relationships among genera were ambiguous and not well understood. The existing keys and descriptions are uncertain and do not include some unknown taxa. This research aims to clarify the taxonomic status of this family and its genera based on morphological, anatomical, palynological and molecular data. The results indicated that the types and shapes of frond, scale types, sorus shapes, shapes of vascular bundle and ornamentation of spores are valuable characters for …

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การแยกและการคัดเลือกราไมคอร์ไรซาเพื่อกระตุ้นการเจริญของต้นกล้ากล้วยไม้น้ำ Epipactis Flava Seidenf., ญาณิศา พันธุ์สังข์ Jan 2018

การแยกและการคัดเลือกราไมคอร์ไรซาเพื่อกระตุ้นการเจริญของต้นกล้ากล้วยไม้น้ำ Epipactis Flava Seidenf., ญาณิศา พันธุ์สังข์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

จากการศึกษาครั้งนี้ สามารถแยกราเอนโดไฟต์จากกล้วยไม้น้ำ Epipactis flava Seidenf. ซึ่งเสี่ยงต่อการสูญพันธุ์ ได้ทั้งหมด 50 ไอโซเลต เป็นราที่แยกได้จากราก 35 ไอโซเลต และจากโปรโตคอร์ม 15 ไอโซเลต ราที่แยกได้ทั้งหมดถูกนำมาตรวจสอบการกระตุ้นการงอกของเมล็ดกล้วยไม้น้ำ พบว่ามีรา 7 ไอโซเลต ได้แก่ MSR07 MSR24 MSR34 MSP01 MSP02 MSP04 และ MSP13 ที่สามารถกระตุ้นการงอกของเมล็ดกล้วยไม้น้ำบนอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อ Oat Meal Agar (OMA) ได้ภายใน 30 วัน หลังหว่านเมล็ด การกระตุ้นการงอกของเมล็ดและการพัฒนาของโปรโตคอร์มด้วยราทั้ง 7 ไอโซเลตถูกทดสอบบนอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อ OMA เป็นเวลา 4 เดือน หลังหว่านเมล็ด พบว่ามีรา 6 ไอโซเลตที่สามารถกระตุ้นการงอกของเมล็ดและส่งเสริมการพัฒนาของโปรโตคอร์มจนถึงระยะที่ 2 ยกเว้นราไอโซเลต MSP04 ที่ไม่ส่งเสริมการพัฒนาของโปรโตคอร์ม ค่าดัชนีของอัตราการงอก (Germination rate index, GRI) ของราทั้ง 7 ไอโซเลตมีค่าอยู่ระหว่าง 56.62-148.14 โดยไอโซเลต MSP13 ให้ค่า GRI สูงที่สุด (148.14) ซึ่งไม่แตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติกับค่า GRI ของราไอโซเลต MSP01 (139.41) ค่าดัชนีของอัตราการพัฒนาของโปรโตคอร์ม (developmental rate index, DRI) ของราทั้ง 7 ไอโซเลตมีค่าอยู่ระหว่าง 0-33.20 จากการศึกษาพบว่า ราไอโซเลต MSP01 ให้ค่า DRI สูงที่สุด (33.20) ขณะที่เมล็ดที่ไม่ได้เพาะเลี้ยงร่วมกับรา (ชุดควบคุม) มีค่า GRI และ DRI เท่ากับ 6.76 และ 0 ตามลำดับ จากลักษณะทางสัณฐานวิทยาและการวิเคราะห์ทางชีววิทยาโมเลกุลที่ตำแหน่ง …

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Physiological Evaluation Of Cantaloupe Fruit Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Theerawat Ruenkam Jan 2018

Physiological Evaluation Of Cantaloupe Fruit Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Theerawat Ruenkam

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) is an important fruit for the economy of Thailand. The major problem is the non-uniformity of fruit quality. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the non-destructive evaluation of cantaloupe quality. Total of 130 ‘Sunlady’ cantaloupe samples were collected for NIR spectral data by 4 different instruments including FT-NIR (MPA) (800-2500 nm), FQA-NIRGUN (700-1100 nm), NIR spectrometer (model 1, 800-1200 nm) and NIR spectrometer (model 2, 650-1100 nm) and analyzed for quality values such as total soluble solids, firmness, total antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid and glutathione …

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Natural And Anthropogenic Drivers Of Tree Evolutionary Dynamics, Brandon M. Lind Jan 2018

Natural And Anthropogenic Drivers Of Tree Evolutionary Dynamics, Brandon M. Lind

Theses and Dissertations

Species of trees inhabit diverse and heterogeneous environments, and often play important ecological roles in such communities. As a result of their vast ecological breadth, trees have become adapted to various environmental pressures. In this dissertation I examine various environmental factors that drive evolutionary dynamics in threePinusspecies in California and Nevada, USA. In chapter two, I assess the role of management influence of thinning, fire, and their interaction on fine-scale gene flow within fire-suppressed populations of Pinus lambertiana, a historically dominant and ecologically important member of mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. Here, I find evidence …

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