Botany Commons^™

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Resistance To Tan Spot In A Biparental Population Derived From Two Nebraska Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivars, Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Waseem Hussain, Amanda Easterly, Mary Guttieri, Vikas Belamkar, Jesse Poland, Jorge Venegas, Stephen Baenziger, Francois Marais, Jack B. Rasmussen, Zhaohui Liu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora triticirepentis (Ptr), is a destructive foliar disease in all types of cultivated wheat worldwide. Genetics of tan spot resistance in wheat is complex, involving insensitivity to fungal-produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs), major resistance genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring race-nonspecific and race-specific resistance. The Nebraska hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivar ‘Wesley’ is insensitive to Ptr ToxA and highly resistant to multiple Ptr races, but the genetics of resistance in this cultivar is unknown. In this study, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Wesley and another …

Improving An Active-Optical Reflectance Sensor Algorithm Using Soil And Weather Information, G. M. Bean, N. R. Kitchen, J. J. Camberato, R. B. Ferguson, F. G. Fernandez, D. W. Franzen, C. A. M. Laboski, E. D. Nafziger, J. E. Sawyer, P. C. Scharf, J. Schepers, J. S. Shanahan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Active-optical reflectance sensors (AORS) use light reflectance characteristics from a crop canopy as an indicator of the plant’s N health. However, studies have shown AORS algorithms used in conjunction with measured reflectance characteristics for corn (Zea mays L.) N fertilizer rate recommendations are not consistently accurate. Our objective was to determine if soil and weather information could be utilized with an AORS algorithm developed at the University of Missouri (ALG_MU) to improve in-season (~V9 corn development stage) N fertilizer recommendations. Nitrogen response trials were conducted across eight states over three growing seasons, totaling 49 sites with soils …

Active-Optical Reflectance Sensing Corn Algorithms Evaluated Over The United States Midwest Corn Belt, G. M. Bean, N. R. Kitchen, J. J. Camberato, R. B. Ferguson, F. G. Fernandez, D. W. Franzen, C. A. M. Laboski, E. D. Nafziger, J. E. Sawyer, P. C. Scharf, J. Schepers, J. S. Shanahan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Uncertainty exists with corn (Zea mays L.) N management due to year-to-year variation in crop N need, soil N supply, and N loss from leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Activeoptical reflectance sensing (AORS) has proven effective in some fields for generating N fertilizer recommendations that improve N use efficiency, but locally derived (e.g., within a US state) AORS algorithms have not been tested simultaneously across a broad region. The objective of this research was to evaluate locally developed AORS algorithms across the US Midwest Corn Belt region for making in-season corn N recommendations. Forty-nine N response trials were conducted across …

Lignocellulosic-Based Bioenergy And Water Quality Parameters: A Review, Bharat Sharma Acharya, Humberto Blanco-Canqui

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

High rates of crop residue removal as biofuel feedstocks could increase losses of nonpoint source pollutants, negatively affecting water quality. An alternative to residue removal can be growing dedicated bioenergy crops such as warm season grasses (WSGs) and short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs). Yet, our understanding of the implications of growing dedicated bioenergy crops on water quality is limited. Thus, we (i) synthesized and compared the impacts of crop residue removal, WSGs, and SRWCs on water quality parameters (i.e., sediment and nutrient runoff, and nutrient leaching) and (ii) identified research gaps for growing dedicated energy crops. Literature indicates that residue removal …

Epigenomic Plasticity Of Arabidopsis Msh1 Mutants Under Prolonged Cold Stress, Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane Raju, Mon-Ray Shao, Yashitola Wamboldt, Sally A. Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Dynamic transcriptional and epigenetic changes enable rapid adaptive benefit to environmental fluctuations. However, the underlying mechanisms and the extent to which this occurs are not well known. MutS Homolog 1 (MSH1) mutants cause heritable developmental phenotypes accompanied by modulation of defense, phytohormone, stress‐response, and circadian rhythm genes, as well as heritable changes in DNA methylation patterns. Consistent with gene expression changes, msh1 mutants display enhanced tolerance for abiotic stress including drought and salt stress, while showing increased susceptibility to freezing temperatures. Despite changes in defense and biotic stress‐response genes, msh1 mutants showed increasing susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. …

Can Bangladesh Produce Enough Cereals To Meet Future Demand?, J. Timsina, J. Wolf, N. Guilpart, L G. J. Van Bussel, P. Grassini, J. Van Wart, A. Hossain, H. Rashid, S. Islam, M. K. Van Ittersum

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Bangladesh faces huge challenges in achieving food security due to its high population, diet changes, and limited room for expanding cropland and cropping intensity. The objective of this study is to assess the degree to which Bangladesh can be self-sufficient in terms of domestic maize, rice and wheat production by the years 2030 and 2050 by closing the existing gap (Yg) between yield potential (Yp) and actual farm yield (Ya), accounting for possible changes in cropland area. Yield potential and yield gaps were calculated for the three crops using well-validated crop models and site-specific weather,management and soil data, and upscaled …

Parallel Altitudinal Clines Reveal Trends In Adaptive Evolution Of Genome Size In Zea Mays, Paul Bilinski, Patrice S. Albert, Jeremy J. Berg, James A. Birchler, Mark N. Grote, Anne Lorant, Juvenal Quezada, Kelly Swarts, Jinliang Yang, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

While the vast majority of genome size variation in plants is due to differences in repetitive sequence, we know little about how selection acts on repeat content in natural populations. Here we investigate parallel changes in intraspecific genome size and repeat content of domesticated maize (Zea mays) landraces and their wild relative teosinte across altitudinal gradients in Mesoamerica and South America. We combine genotyping, low coverage whole-genome sequence data, and flow cytometry to test for evidence of selection on genome size and individual repeat abundance. We find that population structure alone cannot explain the observed variation, implying that …

Genomic Prediction Accuracy For Switchgrass Traits Related To Bioenergy Within Differentiated Populations, Jason D. Fiedler, Christina Lanzatella, Serge J. Edme, Nathan A. Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Rob Mitchell, Christian M. Tobias

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Switchgrass breeders need to improve the rates of genetic gain in many bioenergy-related traits in order to create improved cultivars that are higher yielding and have optimal biomass composition. One way to achieve this is through genomic selection. However, the heritability of traits needs to be determined as well as the accuracy of prediction in order to determine if efficient selection is possible.

Results: Using five distinct switchgrass populations comprised of three lowland, one upland and one hybrid accession, the accuracy of genomic predictions under different cross-validation strategies and prediction methods was investigated. Individual genotypes were collected using GBS …

Method For The Production Of High Saturated, Low Polyunsaturated Soybean Oil, Thomas E. Clemente, Hyunwoo Park, Edgar B. Cahoon, Hanh Nguyen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Methods of genetically modifying soybean plants to alter the fatty acid properties of the oil are described.

Floral Symmetry Genes Elucidate The Development And Evolution Of Oil-Bee Pollinated Flowers Of Malpighiaceae And Krameriaceae, Farahnoz N. Khojayori

Theses and Dissertations

Specialization on insect and animal pollinators is thought to be the driving force for the evolution of floral traits. Specifically in the New World (NW), the oil-bee pollination syndrome has led to the convergence of floral characters in two distantly related families of core eudicots, Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae. Both families display a flag-like structure that establishes a zygomorphic flower and floral oil rewards in epithelial elaiophores. These traits work concomitantly to attract and reward female oil-bees that help fertilize these flowers and in return receive oils. The underlying genetics of floral zygomorphy were studied in several clades of core eudicots, …

Heuchera Alba Twitter Identification, Christopher T. Martine

Other Faculty Research and Publications

The casual posting of a misidentified photograph led to a tweet exchange among Chris Martine, Bucknell University; Ryan Folk, Florida Museum of Natural History; and Scott Schuette, Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program in June 2017. The scientists used their private accounts to conduct a discussion about the specific species identified. This exchange opened the possibility of a previously unknown range of a rare species, which Martine explored further and documented in the scientific publication PhytoKeys.

Tweet id: 873120823464218624

user ID: @MartineBotany

Related records included in this repository are "The hidden Heuchera: How science Twitter uncovered a globally imperiled species in Pennsylvania, …

Cc-Type Glutaredoxins Mediate Plant Response And Signaling Under Nitrate Starvation In Arabidopsis, Ji-Yul Jung, Ji Hoon Ahn, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plants. Despite the importance of nitrogen for plant growth and agricultural productivity, signal transduction pathways in response to nitrate starvation have not been fully elucidated in plants.

Results: Gene expression analysis and ectopic expression were used to discover that many CC-type glutaredoxins (ROXYs) are differentially expressed in response to nitrate deprivation. A gain-of-function approach showed that ROXYs may play a role in nutrient sensing through the regulation of chlorophyll content, root hair growth, and transcription of nitrate-related genes such as NRT2.1 under low or high nitrate conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Risks And Opportunities Of Gm Crops: Bt Maize Example, Andrea K. Carzoli, Siddique I. Aboobucker, Leah L. Sandall, Thomas T. Lubberstedt, Walter P. Suza

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The anticipated world population growth emphasizes a need to produce more food on less land. Cutting-edge technologies, including genetic engineering, can help to develop improved crop varieties and protect natural resources. In spite of the potential for genetically-modified (GM) crops to make crop production more efficient, they remain a polarizing issue due to safety concerns. This paper provides an overview of the risk assessment process. The safety of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins is used as an example for how risk assessment is applied to GM crops. Risks associated with GM crops have proven to be low to non-existent. Developing countries …

Comparison Of The Genome Size, Endoreduplication, And Issr Marker Polymorphism In Eight Lotus (Fabaceae) Species, Erik Ducar, Monika Rewers, Iwona Jedrzejczyk, Pavol Martonfi, Elwira Sliwinska

Turkish Journal of Botany

Several species within the genus Lotus are important forage crops, and many are endangered or rare. Despite the high genetic diversity of the genus, identification of Lotus species is problematic because of the limited number of reliable morphological markers. In search of a quick, inexpensive, and steady method for species identification, genome size and cell cycle/endoreduplication intensity of 14 accessions belonging to eight Lotus species were estimated by flow cytometry. ISSR-PCR was also applied to find sensitive molecular markers for genetic diversity estimation. Genome size estimation revealed that Lotus species possess very small genomes and this characteristic enables the identification …

Volumetric Analysis Of Airborne Pollen Grains In The City Of Uşak, Turkey, Ulaş Uğuz, Aykut Güvensen, Nedret Şengonca Tort, Ayli̇n Eşi̇z Dereboylu, Peli̇n Baran

Turkish Journal of Botany

Airborne pollen in Uşak, a province in Turkey, was studied for two years (from 1 February 2014 to 31 January 2016) using the volumetric method and the most recent pollen data of the region were obtained. During the study, 23,915 pollen grains were detected. The pollens detected belonged to 53 taxa. Of the 53 taxa, 28 were woody and 25 were herbaceous. Of the pollen grains detected, 86% (20,565 pollen grains) were from woody plants, 4.74% (1133 pollen grains) belonged to Poaceae, and 8.65% (2071 pollen grains) were from other herbaceous plants, whereas 0.61% (146 pollen grains) were unidentified pollen …

A New Species And A New Natural Hybrid Of Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) From The West Of Turkey, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇, Türker Yazici, Taner Özcan, Sevcan Çelenk, Esra Marti̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Origanum ayliniae Dirmenci & Yazıcı, which differs significantly from O. dictamnus L., is described for the first time in this paper. In addition, a new hybrid, O. x adae Dirmenci & Yazıcı, between O. ayliniae and O. sipyleum L., is described and investigated in detail. The general morphology, pollen structure, chromosome features, and nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rpl32) genomes of collected specimens were studied. O. x adae was determined to have some intermediate properties morphologically and palynologically that place it between the parents. Pollen size and shape were important features in the diagnosis of the hybrid and its parents in …

A New Species Of Cymbocarpum (Apiaceae) From The Central Anatoliaregion Of Turkey And Its Phylogenetic Position Within Tordylieae, Yusuf Menemen, Burçi̇n Çingay, Aşkin Öykü Çi̇men, Şeref Ertaş

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Cymbocarpum alinihatii, is described from the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Diagnostic and morphological characteristics that distinguish it from allied species C. anethoides, C. wiedemannii, C. amanum, C. erythraeum, and C. marginatum and an identification key for all Cymbocarpum species are provided. To assess its phylogenetic placement, a maximum parsimony analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences from representative members of tribe Tordylieae was carried out. It shows that the new species nests within a well-supported clade comprising members of Cymbocarpum with strong bootstrap value, but it is distinguished from its most closely related species, C. anethoides and C. …

The Distribution Of Centric Diatoms In Different Rivercatchments In The Anatolian Peninsula, Turkey, Cüneyd Nadi̇r Solak, Maxim Kulikovski, Tihammer Keve Kiss, Muhammet Aydin Kaleli̇, John Patrick Kociolek, Eva Ács

Turkish Journal of Botany

The diatoms are one of the most important groups of organisms for biomonitoring studies. In Turkey, most previous applications of diatoms to water quality monitoring have focused on the pennate diatoms, with almost no attention given to the centric forms. The paper presents the centric diatoms in some river catchments in Central Anatolia (Konya closed catchment and Kızılırmak) and Western Anatolia (Marmara, Sakarya, Susurluk, Akarçay, Küçük Menderes, and Meriç-Ergene in the Marmara and Aegean regions). The survey of these catchments is based on samples collected between 2009 and 2013 from 33 different locations, including some springs from Türkmen Mountain and …

Genetic Diversity And Phylogenetic Relationships Of A Potential Cotton Collection For European Breeding Research, Elena Peláez Andérica, Felipe Rey Montero, Manuel López García, Juan Gil Ligero

Turkish Journal of Botany

An understanding of the genetic diversity of any plant collection is essential for initiating future plant breeding strategies. Throughout the cotton regions in Europe (mainly Greece and Spain), there is an expanding need for new yielding varieties with shorter crop cycles and high quality fiber. Although cotton is decisive to many rural economies, it is surprising that there is a lack of public information available regarding genetic diversity of European cotton varieties. Thus, we began an examination of variability heritage by evaluating a subset of 48 commercial and experimental cotton varieties (36 Gossypium hirsutum, 10 G. barbadense, 1 G. arboreum, …

Cloning And Functional Assessment Of The Protein Disulfide Isomerase (Pdi-V) Gene And Its Promoter Sequences From Haynaldia Villosa, Muhammad Faheem, Muhammad Arshad, Jin Xiao, Haiyan Wang, Yingbo Li, Xiue Wang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and PDI-like genes encode key foldase enzymes that play an important role in disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and many other metabolic functions in plants. Our previous results indicate that the PDI-V expression is tissue-specific and that it is upregulated by powdery mildew and other abiotic stress treatments. In the current study, the complete PDI-V gene and its promoter sequence were cloned to identify gene structure and the important cis-regulating motifs responsible for various genes' activities. Sequence analysis revealed the size of the cloned genomic sequence and promoter region as 5728 bp and 2086 bp, respectively. The …

Plant Growth Promoting Properties Of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacillus Species Isolated From The Aegean Region Of Turkey, Pinar Sözer Bahadir, Fakhra Li̇aqat, Rengi̇n Eltem

Turkish Journal of Botany

Bacillus species, due to their soil amendment properties, are important members of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this study, with the aim to discover potential biofertilizers, 440 Bacillus isolates from different sources were screened qualitatively for phosphate solubilizing and positive isolates were processed for quantitative estimation of solubilized phosphate and organic acid production. Organic acid production was initially detected by pH change of the media, whereas further confirmation and quantitative estimation were done by gas chromatography (GC). The results indicate that phosphate solubilization ranges from 6.9 ± 1.00 to 95.5 ± 1.83 µg mL$^{-1}$ for Bacillus isolates and most of the …

On The Identity Of The Turkish Endemic Cyperus Noeanus (Cyperaceae), Attila Mesterházy, Filip Verloove

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cyperus noeanus Boiss. is known only from the type specimen that was collected in Central Anatolia by Wilhelm Noë. It is considered an endemic species in Turkey. A detailed morphological study of the type specimen and comparison with similar related species in section Compressi Kunth demonstrated that the morphological characters of C. noeanus entirely fall within the range of characters of C. glaber L., which is a widely scattered species in Turkey, and widespread in S Europe and SW Asia as well. Based on our comparative study, we suggest that C. noeanus should be treated as a synonym of C. …

Achene Morphology Of The Genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae)From Turkey And Its Taxonomic Significance, Mehmet Ufuk Özbek, Funda Özbek, Meci̇t Vural

Turkish Journal of Botany

Twenty-two taxa of the genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae) from Turkey were examined with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to describe their achene macro- and micromorphologies and to evaluate the diagnostic value of these features. The achenes are obpyramidal, obconical, and oblong. Achene width ranges from 0.26 to 1.68 mm and achene length from 1.13 to 3.46 mm. They show variation in color: brown, dark brown, grayish-brown, reddish-brown, purplish-brown, black, and purplish. All investigated species have slime cells, but prismatic cells on epicarpic cells are found only in two species. Four types of ornamentations were recognized via …

Two Genera And Five Species Newly Recorded In China, Jidong Ya, Jie Cai, Qiaorong Zhang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two genera, Callipeltis Steven (Rubiaceae) and Acanthocephalus Kar. & Kir. (Asteraceae), together with five species, Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) DC., Acanthocephalus benthamianus Regel, Galium verticillatum Danthoine ex Lam. (Rubiaceae), Nonea turcomanica Popov (Boraginaceae), and Erysimum croceum Popov (Brassicaceae), are reported as new records to China.

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of Ipomoea Nil Metallothioneins, Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska, Zuzanna Znajewska, Anna Goc, Grazyna Dabrowska

Turkish Journal of Botany

Metallothioneins are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins able to bind a variety of heavy metal ions. They are involved in the maintenance of micronutrient homeostasis and detoxification of nonessential heavy metals. Plant metallothioneins are classified into four main types based on the number and arrangement of cysteine residues. Here we report on the isolation of novel complementary and genomic DNA from a model for a short-day plant, Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory), that encodes 66- or 76-amino acid residue proteins. In silico and phylogenetic analysis of putative amino acid sequences confirmed that these 66- and 76-amino acid residue proteins belong, respectively, to …

Chrysanthemum Plants Regenerated From Ovaries: A Study On Genetic And Phenotypicvariation, Natalia Miler, Iwona Jedrzejczyk

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum /Ramat./Kitam.) is the second most popular ornamental plant in the global flower industry, and there is still a demand for novelty, which forces breeders to search for new sources of variation. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of phenotypic as well as genetic variation of chrysanthemum plants regenerated from ovaries in vitro. In the first vegetative season of plants evaluated in the glasshouse, nine phenotypic variants (16.36%) and 46 (83.6%) true-totype plants were observed. The variation included variegated, marble-like, and lighter-green leaves, and changes in the morphology of inflorescences and ligulate florets, as …

Cortinarius Conicoumbonatus (Cortinarius Subgen. Telamonia Sect. Hinnulei): A New Species From Spruce-Beech Forests Of The East Black Sea Region Of Turkey, Ertuğrul Sesli̇, Kare Li̇i̇matai̇nen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cortinarius conicoumbonatus is described as new to science based on the material collected from spruce-beech forests of Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey. The new species belongs to subgenus Telamonia section Hinnulei. A full description, in situ and micromorphological illustrations, a phylogenetic tree, and a short discussion are provided.

New Species And New Records Of Lichenized Ascomycota From Tropicaldeciduous Forests Of The Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India, Sumesh Dudani, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Komal Ingle, Siljo Joseph

Turkish Journal of Botany

Stirtonia ghattensis Sumesh N. Dudani, Nayaka, Komal K. Ingle & S. Joseph sp. nov. having UV+ white thallus, 4-6-spored asci, and 5(-7)-septate ascospores and lacking lichen substances is described as new to science. Pertusaria mesotropa Müll. Arg. is reported for the first time from India. Bacidia subannexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis caesiella Vain., G. handelii Zahlbr., Hemithecium scariosum Makhija & Adaw., and Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. are new records for Western Ghats. Arthothelium aphanocarpum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., which had a restricted distribution in the Andaman Islands, is collected from the mainland of India for the first time. An updated world key for …

Characteristic Of Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Gene And Its Response To The Salinity And Temperature Stress In Chlamydomonas Sp. Ice-L From Antarctica, Yueyue Peng, Yu Ding, Xiaochen Tang, Jichang Jian, Jinhui Wang, Quanfu Wang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L, an Antarctic ice alga, has high tolerance ability to freezing and salinity. Glutathione (GSH) is an important small antioxidative molecule in the growth and stress responses of plants including algae. We cloned a full-length cDNA encoding glutamate cysteine ligase (ICE-LGCL), the key enzyme of GSH synthesis, from Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique (RACE). The cDNA has 2199 bp nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1452 bp encoding a polypeptide of 453 amino acids. BLASTP algorithm results showed that ICE-LGCL shared 51%-70% amino acid sequence identity with the reported …

The Effect Of Photosynthetic Parameters On Species Acclimation In An Arid Mountainous Region Of China, Tianyu Guan, Jihua Zhou, Xiaolong Zhang, Nannan Gao, Hui Du, Wentao Cai, Lianhe Jiang, Liming Lai, Yuanrun Zheng

Turkish Journal of Botany

Understanding the mechanisms of how environmental factors limit species distribution along environmental gradients is a central question in ecology. This study aimed to understand species acclimation in view of photosynthetic parameters in an arid mountainous region. We measured some photosynthetic parameters and light and CO2 photosynthesis response curves for all plant communities with seven dominant species in 13 sites along an elevation gradient in the Qilian Mountains in arid northwestern China. The results showed that species in xerothermic environments had low maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) (14.5 μmol m-2 s-1) and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) (22.7 μmol m-2 …