Botany Commons^™

Phylogenetics Of The Borage Family: Delimiting Boraginales And Assessing Closest Relatives, Kristen E. Hasenstab-Lehman

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The placement of Boraginales, and relationships within the family have remained elusive in modern, broad phylogenetic studies. In order to assess the phylogeny of Boraginales, and specifically to test the sister lineage of the order, a data matrix of the chloroplast markers rbcL, ndhF, and trnL-trnF was assembled from GenBank and de novo sequences (representing 132 new GenBank accessions). Phylogenies inferred using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian frameworks resulted in identical topologies. Tests for alternative topologies were used to assess whether any of the candidates for sister (Solanales, Gentianales, Lamiales, or Vahlia) to Boraginales could …

Index To Volume 35

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Phenotypic Plasticity Of Native And Invasive Cool-Season Grasses In Response To Frequency Of Moisture Availability, Ming-Yu Stephens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of an individual to alter its growth in response to environmental conditions, is an attribute that is considered a likely invader attribute, as it provides the opportunity to expand its ecological niche breadth. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity can affect not only the ability to establish in a new environment, but also the ability to outperform the existing vegetation over time. Bromus inermis (smooth brome) and Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) are invasive species in tall- and mixed-grass prairie ecosystems. The objectives of this two-part study were to quantify the adaptive plasticity of biomass accumulation and tiller production in …

1980 Lilley Cornett Woods Soil Data, Ryan W. Mcewan, Julia I. Chapman, Robert N. Muller

Data Files: Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots

Data collected in 1980 on the soil in the Big Everidge Hollow portion of the Lilley Cornett Woods Appalachian Ecological Research Station in southeastern Kentucky. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26890/lcw.4b97vlypkk

1979 Lilley Cornett Woods Overstory Data, Ryan W. Mcewan, Julia I. Chapman, Robert N. Muller

Data Files: Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots

Data collected in 1979 on the overstory in the Big Everidge Hollow portion of the Lilley Cornett Woods Appalachian Ecological Research Station in southeastern Kentucky. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

Accompanying photo by Julia I. Chapman.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26890/lcw.s2qvt68sox

Museum Collections: Natural History Training Bridges Time, Space, And Digital Platforms., Anna Monfils, Karen Powers, Christopher J. Marshall, James F. Smith, Chris Martine, L. Alan Prather

Faculty Journal Articles

Natural history collections offer a number of unique physical and virtual opportunities to create formal and informal progressive learning environments. Collections provide direct interaction with biodiversity as it changes through time and space. Collections-based experiences lead to an increased understanding and substantive interaction with the living world. Recent studies demonstrate how nature and outdoor experiences can improve learning. We discuss how collections, and the data associated with collections, are a critical component linking nature and scientific inquiry. Partnerships that develop around collections and collections-based science can foster innovative educational and research experiences that are enhanced by access to museum specimens. …

Robust Spatial Frameworks For Leveraging Research On Sustainable Crop Intensification, Patricio Grassini, Cameron M. Pittelkow, Kenneth Cassman, Haishun S. Yang, Sotirios Archontoulis, Mark Licht, Kendall R. Lamkey, Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Jeffrey A. Coulter, Sylvie M. Brouder, Jeffrey J. Volenec, Noemi Guindin-Garcia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Meeting demand for food, fiber, feed, and fuel in a world with 9.7 billion people by 2050 without negative environmental impact is the greatest scientific challenge facing humanity. We hypothesize that this challenge can only be met with current and emerging technologies if guided by proactive use of a broad array of relevant data and geospatial scaling approaches to ensure local to global relevance for setting research priorities and implementing agricultural systems responsive to real-time status of weather, soils, crops, and markets. Despite increasing availability of field-scale agricultural data, robust spatial frameworks are lacking to convert these data into actionable …

Reproductive Biology Of The Critically Endangered Endemic Planterodium Somanum In Turkey, Di̇lek Oskay

Turkish Journal of Botany

The reproductive characteristics of Erodium somanum (Geraniaceae), a critically endangered endemic species, were investigated in order to evaluate the main factors that affect its reproductive success and to evaluate their importance on its conservation. The estimated pollen/ovule ratio was calculated as 1187. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity experiments showed that stigma receptivity and pollen viability were high and synchronous throughout the anthesis. E. somanum is a strictly dioecious species and pollinated by insects. Flower visitors in the studied populations were mostly beetles and ants. The average percentage of fruit formation for each plant was determined as 46%. Capacity of seed …

Centaurea Bingoelensis (Asteraceae), A New Species From Turkey, Lütfi̇ Behçet, Ahmet İlçi̇m, Yakup Yapar

Turkish Journal of Botany

Centaurea bingoelensis Behçet & İlçim is described as a new species. It is confined to Bingöl in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The diagnostic characters are discussed and taxonomic comments are presented. Seed and pollen characteristics were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Notes on its ecology are also presented.

Proteomic Analysis Of Flowers At Two Developmental Stages In Thermopsis Turcica (Fabaceae), Mustafa Yildiz, Emre Pehli̇van, Hakan Terzi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Flower development is a complex physiological phenomenon that is affected by environmental stimuli and endogenous signals. Several molecular approaches have provided a comprehensive view of the physiological processes associated with flower development, but little is known about proteomic changes. Therefore, we investigated the proteomic alterations during flower development in endemic Thermopsis turcica (Vuralia turcica), an unusual legume species with 3-4 free carpels in a single flower. A comparative proteomic analysis to identify proteins involved in flower development was carried out in T. turcica. Alterations in proteomes of the flower buds and fully opened flowers were studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. …

Characterization Of Rice Polyphenol Oxidase Promoter In Transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana, Wasim Akhtar, Ejaz Aziz, Hisashi Koiwa, Tariq Mahmood

Turkish Journal of Botany

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes are ubiquitous in plant kingdom and catalyze the oxidation of phenols to highly reactive quinones. The PPO gene plays an important role in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses but the regulation of PPO promoter in stresses remains unclear. Here Oryza sativa (OsPPO) promoter was fused to firefly Luciferase (LUC) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes separately to test the effects of wounding, abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJ) applications on PPO promoter induction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about rice PPO promoter induction in response to wounding …

First Genome Size Assessment In The Genus Peganum And Inthe Family Nitrariaceae: Iberian And North African Data On Peganum Harmala,Including An Intensive Sampling In Tunisia, Abdelhamid Hajji, Daniel Vitales, Mohamed Elgazzeh, Teresa Garnatje, Joan Vallès

Turkish Journal of Botany

Peganum harmala is a halonitrophilous perennial herb that is relevant in the landscape of steppe, semidesert, and desert territories in southern Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern Asia. We present here data on the nuclear DNA amount assessment in one Iberian and 17 Tunisian populations of this species. The 2C values, belonging to the very small genome category, ranged from 0.61 to 0.67 pg. These data are the first on genome size for the species and for the whole genus and the whole family. In addition, the somatic chromosome number (2n = 24) has been counted in one population, confirming previous …

Phlomis Iranica (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae), A New Species Fromthe Khorassan-Kopet Dagh Floristic Province, Ne Iran, Jamil Vaezi, Maryam Behroozian, Mohammad Reza Joharchi, Farshid Memariani

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Phlomis L. consists of three species, Ph. cancellata Bunge, Ph. chorassanica Bunge, and Ph. herba-venti L., in the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province, NE Iran. A new species is described and illustrated here as Ph. iranica Joharchi & Vaezi sp. nov. from this area. We included voucher specimens of the new and allied species in a morphological and molecular (nrDNA ITS) framework to examine the taxonomic status of the new taxon. Results showed that Ph. iranica can be morphologically distinguished from the species distributed in NE Iran by seven diagnostic traits including length and width of calyx tube, flower …

Dianthus Ucarii (Caryophyllaceae): A New Species From The Northwest Of Turkey, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu, Murat Koç, İlker Büyük

Turkish Journal of Botany

Dianthus ucarii Hamzaoğlu & Koç (Caryophyllaceae) is described as a new species to science based on material collected in Kırklareli Province in northwestern Turkey. The new taxon belongs to sect. Carthusiani (Boiss.) F.N.Williams and it is closely related to Dianthus pinifolius Sm., an Eastern Mediterranean element. A description, illustration, and identification key for the new species are given. In addition, D. ucarii and D. pinifolius are compared in terms of general morphology and molecular phylogeny.

Contributions To The Macrofungi Of Bingöl, Turkey, Yusuf Uzun, İsmai̇l Acar, Mustafa Emre Akçay, Abdullah Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was carried out on macrofungi samples collected from Bingöl Province between 2006 and 2010. As a result of field and laboratory investigations 112 species belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. Ten of them are new records for the Turkish mycobiota: Orbilia auricolor (A. Bloxam) Sacc.; Orbilia luteorubella (Nyl.) P. Karst.; Mollisia lividofusca (Fr.) Gillet; Calycina languida (P. Karst.) Baral, R. Galán & G. Platas; Vibrissea filisporia (Bonord.) Korf & A. Sánchez; Iodophanus carneus (Pers.) Korf; Amanita gilbertii Beauseign.; Conocybe brachypodii (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrcek; Coprinopsis cordispora (T. Gibbs) Gminder; and Paxillus vernalis Watling.

Micro-Spectroscopy Of Bio-Assemblies At The Single Cell Level, Jeslin Kera

Honors Undergraduate Theses

In this thesis, we investigate biological molecules on a micron scale in the ultraviolet spectral region through the non-destructive confocal absorption microscopy. The setup involves a combination of confocal microscope with a UV light excitation beam to measure the optical absorption spectra with spatial resolution of 1.4 μm in the lateral and 3.6 μm in the axial direction. Confocal absorption microscopy has the benefits of requiring no labels and only low light intensity for excitation while providing a strong signal from the contrast generated by the attenuation of propagating light due to absorption. This enables spatially resolved measurements of single …

Taxonomic Position Of Abies Equi-Trojani On The Basis Of Needlecharacters By Comparison With Different Fir Species, Anna Katarzyna Jasinska, Katarzyna Sekiewicz, Tolga Ok, Angel Romo, Adam Boratynski, Krystyna Boratynska

Turkish Journal of Botany

The needles from 25 trees of Abies equi-trojani from Kazdağı (Mount Ida) were compared with those from four populations of A. alba, two of A. cephalonica, and three of each of A. xborisii-regis, A. bornmuelleriana, and A. nordmanniana, each represented by 29-31 individuals. Thirty-nine morphological and anatomical needle characters (26 main and 13 estimated ones) were examined biometrically to verify the systematic position of A. equi-trojani. To evaluate the relationships among taxa, Student's t-test for independent samples, the Mann-Whitney U test, and discrimination and clustering analyses were applied. The differences between taxa were statistically significant for several characters, but the …

Seed Dispersal For The Unusual Inflated Berries Of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae), Diana Gamba, N. Maguiña, Camilo Calderón-Acevedo, Karina Torres, Nathan Muchhala

Biology Department Faculty Works

Examining dispersal is critical for understanding the diversity of Andean-centered plant lineages, like Burmeistera (Campanulaceae). One-third of its species present an unusual inflated berry. Unlike the bright colors of non-inflated fruits in the genus, these fruits are typically dull-green; however, the fact that the seeds are loosely held in the placenta and easily removed when touched seems to suggest adaptation to animal dispersal. We studied two inflated-baccate species, Burmeistera glabrata and B. borjensis, with the aim of testing the non-exclusive hypotheses that their seeds are dispersed by (1) small mammals, (2) slugs, or (3) adult flies that develop inside the …

Sexual Dimorphism In The Moss Bryum Argenteum And Its Implications For Sex Ratio Bias, Jonathan David Moore Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

In dioecious plants, selection due to sex function differences has produced sex-specific life histories, morphologies, and physiologies. In many dioecious seed plants, dimorphisms and population sex ratios have been plausibly linked, but similar links are not yet apparent in dioecious bryophytes. Population sex ratio bias is often expected to favor the sex with lower investment in sexual reproduction, especially in resource-poor environments. Unlike in seed plants, bryophyte males may have higher average reproductive investment than females, which typically have low offspring production rates due to sperm limitation. However, traits aside from reproductive investment such as shoot and leaf arrangement may …

Column Key, Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots, Ryan W. Mcewan, Julia I. Chapman, Robert N. Muller

Data Files: Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots

Column key for .csv data files.

Accompanying photo by Julia I. Chapman.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26890/lcw.rx26w6rcvs

2010 Lilley Cornett Woods Overstory Data, Ryan W. Mcewan, Julia I. Chapman, Robert N. Muller

Data Files: Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots

Data collected in 2010 on the overstory in the Big Everidge Hollow portion of the Lilley Cornett Woods Appalachian Ecological Research Station in southeastern Kentucky. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

Accompanying photo by Julia I. Chapman.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26890/lcw.s3l6btsgv3

1999 Lilley Cornett Woods Overstory Data, Ryan W. Mcewan, Julia I. Chapman, Robert N. Muller

Data Files: Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots

Data collected in 1999 on the overstory in the Big Everidge Hollow portion of the Lilley Cornett Woods Appalachian Ecological Research Station in southeastern Kentucky. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

Accompanying photo by Ryan W. McEwan.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26890/lcw.5pn95oc6d7

1989 Lilley Cornett Woods Overstory Data, Ryan W. Mcewan, Julia I. Chapman, Robert N. Muller

Data Files: Big Everidge Hollow Permanent Plots

Data collected in 1989 on the overstory in Big Everidge Hollow portion of the Lilley Cornett Woods Appalachian Ecological Research Station in southeastern Kentucky. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

Accompanying photo by Ryan W. McEwan.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26890/lcw.jt5ds3db92

Overstory 2017, Mitchell J. Kukla, Corey M. Kuminecz, Julia I. Chapman, Taylor M. Sparbanie, Katherine Schrader, Michelle N. Little, Keith E. Gilland, Ryan W. Mcewan

Data Files: Drew Woods Permanent Plots

Overstory data (woody species ≥2.5 centimeters in diameter at breast height) collected in 2017 at Drew Woods State Nature Preserve in Darke County, OH. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

Saplings 2017, Mitchell J. Kukla, Corey M. Kuminecz, Julia I. Chapman, Ryan W. Mcewan

Data Files: Drew Woods Permanent Plots

Sapling data (woody species >50 centimeters in height and <2.5 cm diameter at breast height) collected in 2017 at Drew Woods State Nature Preserve in Darke County, OH. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

Are Weevils Picky Eaters? Community Structure And Host Specificity Of Neotropical Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jhunior A. Morillo

Dissertations and Theses

Abstract Primary saproxylic beetles play a major role in forest nutrient cycling and making deadwood accessible to other decomposers. Understanding beetle host preferences and patterns of community assembly is critical for their conservation, and for predicting which species might become invasive. This project aims to investigate the ecological and host specificity, as well as the community composition of curculionids in a mosaic of old-growth (OG) and secondary forest on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. The subfamily Scolytinae was expected to be the most species-rich and abundant. Ambrosia beetles were expected to have more generalist species than other curculionids. Old growth …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Local Wind Monitoring Matched With Lichen Pseudevernia Furfuracea (L.) Zopf Transplantation Technique To Assess The Environmental Impact Of A Biomass Power Plant, Lucio Lucadamo, Anna Corapi, Luana Gallo

Turkish Journal of Botany

The potential environmental impact of a biomass power plant (BPP) was evaluated by transplanting thalli of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in the surrounding area for 3 months. Four meteorological stations were placed at four sites to monitor local winds. At the end of the period, thalli were retrieved and electrical conductivity percentage (EC%), lipid peroxidation, lichen vitality, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophylls, xanthophylls+carotenoids, OD435/OD415, and concentrations of some elements frequently emitted by BPPs were measured. A univariate-multivariate analysis revealed clusters of sites with dissimilar mean values of ecophysiological parameters. They were merged, when not significantly differing, and classified as different …

Characterization Of The Beta1 Gene, Which Might Play A Role In Beta Vulgaris Subsp. Maritima Salt Tolerance, Özge Uysal, Çi̇ğdem Çakiroğlu, Ahmet Koç, Hüseyi̇n Çağlar Karakaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salinity stress has a negative impact on plant growth, which affects homeostasis and productivity. The uptake of nonessential salt ions changes the osmotic balance of the cell and causes dehydration. Higher plants develop salt tolerance mechanisms to avoid dehydration. Sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) is a halophytic ancestor of cultivated sugar beet that displays salt stress tolerance. In this study, we screened a B. vulgaris subsp. maritima cDNA library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Ab11c (ena1Δ, nha1/4Δ, nhx1Δ), which is deficient in sodium transport, to find sodium-detoxifying genes. We identified a cDNA construct, named BETA1, providing salt tolerance to yeast …

The Effect Of Artificial Selection On Phenotypic Plasticity In Maize, Joseph L. Gage, Diego Jarquin, Cinta Romay, Aaron Lorenz, Edward S. Buckler, Shawn Kaeppler, Naser Alkhalifah, Martin Bohn, Darwin A. Campbell, Jode Edwards, David Ertl, Sherry Flint-Garcia, Jack Gardiner, Byron Good, Candice N. Hirsch, Jim Holland, David C. Hooker, Joseph Knoll, Judith Kolkman, Greg Kruger, Nick Lauter, Carolyn J. Lawrence-Dill, Elizabeth Lee, Jonathan Lynch, Seth C. Murray, Rebecca Nelson, Jane Petzoldt, Torbert Rocheford, James C. Schnable, Patrick S. Schnable, Brian Scully, Margaret Smith, Nathan M. Springer, Srikant Srinivasan, Renee Walton, Teclemariam Weldekidan, Randall J. Wisser, Wenwei Xu, Jianming Yu, Natalia De Leon

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Remarkable productivity has been achieved in crop species through artificial selection and adaptation to modern agronomic practices. Whether intensive selection has changed the ability of improved cultivars to maintain high productivity across variable environments is unknown. Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment (G × E) interaction will enhance crop performance predictions across diverse environments. Here we use data generated from the Genomes to Fields (G2F) Maize G × E project to assess the effect of selection on G × E variation and characterize polymorphisms associated with plasticity. Genomic regions putatively selected during modern temperate maize …