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2000

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Articles 211 - 240 of 255

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Three New Records For The Turkish Mycoflora, Ertuğrul Sesli̇, İbrahi̇m Türkekul Jan 2000

Three New Records For The Turkish Mycoflora, Ertuğrul Sesli̇, İbrahi̇m Türkekul

Turkish Journal of Botany

Three noteworthy fungi from Ordu and Tokat are described and illustrated. One of them, Peziza applanata(Hedw.: Fr.) Alb. & Schwein is pezizoid; one, Sebacina epigaea (Berk. & Broome) Neuh., is tremelloid; and one, Gomphus stereoides Corner is cantharelloid.

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Some Ultrastructural Observations On Calcium Oxalate Raphide Crystal Idioblasts And Meristematic Cells Of The Adventive Root Tips Of Sternbergia Lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl. Ex Sprengel (Amaryllidaceae), Feruzan Dane, Çi̇ler Meri̇ç, Gülara Hüseyi̇nova Jan 2000

Some Ultrastructural Observations On Calcium Oxalate Raphide Crystal Idioblasts And Meristematic Cells Of The Adventive Root Tips Of Sternbergia Lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl. Ex Sprengel (Amaryllidaceae), Feruzan Dane, Çi̇ler Meri̇ç, Gülara Hüseyi̇nova

Turkish Journal of Botany

The adventive root tip cells of a bulbous plant, Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl. ex Sprengel (Amaryllidaceae), were examined by LM (light microscope) and EM (electron microscope). At the meristematic area of the root tips, which was 1 mm in length, two types of cell were observed: meristematic cells and Ca-oxalate raphide crystal idioblasts. Ca-oxalate raphide crystal idioblasts were observed to lie in two lines between the inner and outer ground meristems. Some similarities and some differences were found between those cells in their ultrastructure. It was seen that the membrane thickness of crystal idioblasts and meristematic cells were the same. …

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Map-Making Of Plant Biomass And Leaf Area Index For Management Of Protected Areas, Loretta Gratani, Maria Fiore Crescente Jan 2000

Map-Making Of Plant Biomass And Leaf Area Index For Management Of Protected Areas, Loretta Gratani, Maria Fiore Crescente

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

An inventory of the vegetation types of Castelporziano Estate (Rome), including examples of Mediterranean ecosystems in excellent preserved condition, was compiled. Because Leaf Area Index (LAI) changed with forest structure and developmental stages, maximum LAI provided a good estimate of maximum biomass accumulation. Plant biomass estimation, ranging from 61 tons ha-1 to 360 tons ha-1, fitted well into 14 biomass classes; the highest values (from 301 tons ha-1 to 360 tons ha-1) were related to stratified forested vegetation types, including the more mature Pinus pinea plantations, Quercus ilex evergreen forests and broad leaf mixed …

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Pruning And Nutrition Of Outdoor Cut Foliage Crops, Andy Whelton Jan 2000

Pruning And Nutrition Of Outdoor Cut Foliage Crops, Andy Whelton

Theses

The rapidly expanding cut foliage industry in the South of Ireland aims to satisfy the demands of an exacting market requiring well furnished quality stems for use in the manufacture of foliage and flower bouquets. The studies examined, in detail, aspects of pruning and nutrition of genera currently important to this evolving industry. Recommendations for the optimum time of pruning Eucalyptus pulverulenta and Pittosporum tenujolium are given. Pruning regimes for Eucalyptus parv,folia and E. glaucescens, Pittosporum tenufolium, Ozothamnus rosmarinfolius ‘Silver Jubilee’ and Rhododendron ponticum were examined and guidelines on best practices are outlined. A nutrition experiment to examine the effect …

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Seasonal Changes In The Phytoplankton Of The Northeastern Mediterranean(Bay Of Iskenderun), Sevi̇m Polat, Ercan Sarihan, Tufan Koray Jan 2000

Seasonal Changes In The Phytoplankton Of The Northeastern Mediterranean(Bay Of Iskenderun), Sevi̇m Polat, Ercan Sarihan, Tufan Koray

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was carried out in the northern part of the Bay of Iskenderun in the northeastern Mediterranean during the period 1994-1995. The quantitative and qualitative distribution of phytoplankton, the environmental factors that affect its distribution and the changes in succession over time were investigated. At each of the seven stations, monthly sampling was done from the surface and 10.0 m depth. In spring, the sampling was performed once every two weeks. In addition, the measurements of some physical and chemical parameters i.e. temperature, salinity, (NO^-_3 +NO^-_2 )-N and PO4^-_3 -P were carried out. At the end of the study, …

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The Flora Of The Forest Series Of Yirce-Bürmece-Kömürsu And Muratdere (Bilecik-Bursa, Turkey), Cengi̇z Türe, Süleyman Tokur Jan 2000

The Flora Of The Forest Series Of Yirce-Bürmece-Kömürsu And Muratdere (Bilecik-Bursa, Turkey), Cengi̇z Türe, Süleyman Tokur

Turkish Journal of Botany

A field study was carried out to determine the flora of the forest series of Yirce-Bürmece-Kömürsu and Muratdere (Bilecik-Bursa) during 1992-1995. In terms of species and subspecies, the flora of the area consisted of 505 taxa including 358 species, 90 subspecies and 46 varieties belonging to 299 genera of 79 families. Nine taxa are new for A2 and 56 are new for B2 square. The highest number of taxa were from the families of Asteraceae 10.0% and Fabaceae 9.2%. The phytogeographical distribution was as follows: Euro-Siberian elements 15.7%, Mediterranean elements 10.5%, Irano-Turanian elements 7.3%. The rate of endemism was 5.9% …

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New Floristic Records (Monocotyledones) For The Square B10 (Özalp-Van) From Turkey, Fevzi̇ Özgökçe, Lütfi̇ Behçet Jan 2000

New Floristic Records (Monocotyledones) For The Square B10 (Özalp-Van) From Turkey, Fevzi̇ Özgökçe, Lütfi̇ Behçet

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

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Histology Of Somatic Embryogenesis In Cultured Leaf Explants Of Pistachio(Pistacia Veral), Ahmet Onay Jan 2000

Histology Of Somatic Embryogenesis In Cultured Leaf Explants Of Pistachio(Pistacia Veral), Ahmet Onay

Turkish Journal of Botany

The histology of somatic embryo initiation and development in pistachio ( Pistacia were L.) embryogenic masses (EMS) derived from leaf explants was examined using light microscopy. Explants with somatic embryos at different developmental stages were fixed for histological examination, cut into 10 µm thick sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and observed microscopically. The histological examination showed that the two types of cell clusters induced originated from explants and were morphologically different. These results clearly demonstrate that the induction and development of somatic embryos from leaf explants of pistachio were from single epidermal or subepidermal cells.

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Protoplast Isolation In Lupin ( Lupinus Mutabilis Sweet): Determination Of Optimum Explant Sources And Isolation Conditions, Mehmet Babaoğlu Jan 2000

Protoplast Isolation In Lupin ( Lupinus Mutabilis Sweet): Determination Of Optimum Explant Sources And Isolation Conditions, Mehmet Babaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Effects of cultural factors on the yield, viability and division of protoplasts were investigated in Lupinus mutabilis Sweet containing a high protein content as well as a reasonable oil content which may make this species an alternative crop to soybean in Turkey. Explants from different in vitro seedling parts were evaluated on the suitability of protoplast isolation and viability. Leaf mesophyll was the most suitable tissue as a protoplast source. Pectinases as well as cellulases were essential for the isolation of protoplasts. Nine percent (w/v) mannitol was suitable to stabilise osmotic pressure together with low salt concentrations in washing and …

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Taxonomy Of The Genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae) In Turkey, Ali̇ Arslan Dönmez, Şi̇nasi̇ Yildirimli Jan 2000

Taxonomy Of The Genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae) In Turkey, Ali̇ Arslan Dönmez, Şi̇nasi̇ Yildirimli

Turkish Journal of Botany

The taxonomy of the genus PrunusL. in Turkey is studied in detail. According to morphological characters, descriptions of the species have been evaluated and completed. P. kurdica Fenzl ex Fritsch, P. cocomilia Ten. var. puberula(Schneider) Browicz and P. divaricata Ledeb. subsp. ursina (Kotschy) Browicz are reduced to synonyms. A new key for the identification of the species has been prepared. Illustrations and distribution maps of particular species in Turkey were added to other information. Furthermore, data concerning habitat, altitude, flowering and fruiting time, distribution, chromosome numbers and taxonomic discussion for some species are given. Three new synonyms are proposed here. …

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A New Record ( Heliotropium Ovalifolium Forssk.) From Southern Turkey, Hayri̇ Duman, Haşi̇m Altinözlü Jan 2000

A New Record ( Heliotropium Ovalifolium Forssk.) From Southern Turkey, Hayri̇ Duman, Haşi̇m Altinözlü

Turkish Journal of Botany

Heliotropifolium ovalifolium Forssk. ( Boraginaceae) is reported for the first time for the ora of Turkey, from C5 Adana. Its affinities, ecology and conservation status in Turkey are detailed.

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Effect Of Some Growth Regulators And Commercial Preparations On The Chlorophyll Content And Mineral Nutrition Of Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill, Meli̇ha Gemi̇ci̇, Avni̇ Güven, A. Kami̇l Yürekli̇, Pervi̇n Katmer Jan 2000

Effect Of Some Growth Regulators And Commercial Preparations On The Chlorophyll Content And Mineral Nutrition Of Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill, Meli̇ha Gemi̇ci̇, Avni̇ Güven, A. Kami̇l Yürekli̇, Pervi̇n Katmer

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effect of some growth regulators and commercial preparations on N, P, K and chlorophyll contents Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. were examined. Tomato seedlings were grown in sand and after four weeks they were transferred to Hoagland hydroponic culture solution. Growth regulators and commercial preparations were applied to these plants twice, one week and three weeks after transferral, at room temperature. 10 or 20 ppm IAA, GA 3, ABA; 20 ppm Berelex and 15 or 30 ppm Cytozyme were pulverized during the applications. After an eight-week experimental period, not only were morphological observations made, but analyses of chlorophyll for primary productivity …

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Reduction Of Lignin In Tobacco Through The Expression Of An Antisense Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase, Ti̇jen Talas Oğraş, Kemal Kazan, Nermi̇n Gözükirmizi Jan 2000

Reduction Of Lignin In Tobacco Through The Expression Of An Antisense Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase, Ti̇jen Talas Oğraş, Kemal Kazan, Nermi̇n Gözükirmizi

Turkish Journal of Botany

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a methylation enzyme involved in the early stages of lignin biosynthesis. To examine the effect of antisense expression of a heterologous COMT gene on lignification, an antisense construct of a cDNA encoding a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase ( pOMT8) from Stylosanthes humilis Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Fabaceae was transferred into tobacco via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A large number of kanamycin-resistant shoots were recovered after transformation, and randomly selected putative transgenics were analysed for stable integration of the transgene into their genomes. The analyses demonstrated that antisense expression of pOMT8 resulted in reductions in total COMT activity, which …

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Morphological And Anatomical Studies On Cyclotrichium Origanifolium(Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. ( Labiatae), Ayla Kaya, Kemal H. C. Başer, Fati̇h Satil, Gülendam Tümen Jan 2000

Morphological And Anatomical Studies On Cyclotrichium Origanifolium(Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. ( Labiatae), Ayla Kaya, Kemal H. C. Başer, Fati̇h Satil, Gülendam Tümen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphological and anatomical features of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. (Labiatae) collected from various localities in Turkey are described and discussed. Anatomical studies include transverse sections of stems and leaves with illustrations. Although some morphological variation was observed there was no anatomical variation in the wide range of specimens studied, from different areas of Turkey.

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Contributions To The Macrofungi Flora Of Antalya Province, Kudret Gezer Jan 2000

Contributions To The Macrofungi Flora Of Antalya Province, Kudret Gezer

Turkish Journal of Botany

We recorded 81 macrofungal species collected from the Antalya region. They are distributed within 29 families, 7 belonging to the Ascomycetes and 74 to the Basidiomycetes.

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A Study Of Selected Isozymes In Capsicum Baccatum, Capsicum Eximium, Capsicum Cardenasii And Two Interspecific F_1 Hybrids In Capsicum Species, A. Naci̇ Onuş, Barbara Pickersgill Jan 2000

A Study Of Selected Isozymes In Capsicum Baccatum, Capsicum Eximium, Capsicum Cardenasii And Two Interspecific F_1 Hybrids In Capsicum Species, A. Naci̇ Onuş, Barbara Pickersgill

Turkish Journal of Botany

Selected isozymes were investigated in plants of Capsicum baccatum L. ( Solanaceae) accessions SA219 (P.G.Smith), Hawkes 6489 (P.G.Smith), Capsicum cardenasii Heiser and Smith accession SA268 (P.G.Smith), Capsicum eximium A.T.Hunz accession Hawkes 3860 (J.G.Hawkes) and two interspecific F1 hybrids, C. baccatum SA219 x C. eximium Hawkes 3860 and C. baccatum Hawkes 6489 x C. cardenasii SA 268. The standard technique of horizontal gel electrophoresis was employed. The gel was cut into several slices and stained for different enzyme systems (aconitase, alanin aminopeptidase, esterase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glycerate-2-dehydrogenases, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucose isomerases and shikimate dehydrogenases). After fixing the …

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Weekly Variations In Phytoplankton Structure Of A Harbour In Mersin Bay (North-Eastern Mediterranean), Eli̇f Eker Develi̇, Ahmet Erkan Kideyş Jan 2000

Weekly Variations In Phytoplankton Structure Of A Harbour In Mersin Bay (North-Eastern Mediterranean), Eli̇f Eker Develi̇, Ahmet Erkan Kideyş

Turkish Journal of Botany

Weekly variations in the phytoplankton composition of a harbour in Mersin Bay were studied with two methods: filtration for the assessment of >55 mm phytoplankton from July 1995 to June 1997; and sedimentation for the assessment of all phytoplankton (both>55 \mum and

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Check List Of Aspergillus And Penicillium Species Reported From Turkey, Ahmet Asan Jan 2000

Check List Of Aspergillus And Penicillium Species Reported From Turkey, Ahmet Asan

Turkish Journal of Botany

This paper reviews published accounts and presents a list of species of the genera Aspergillus Mich. and Penicillium Link in Turkey dating from the 1940s.

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Three Grasses New To Turkey, Hildemar Scholz, Andrew Byfield Jan 2000

Three Grasses New To Turkey, Hildemar Scholz, Andrew Byfield

Turkish Journal of Botany

Studies on herbarium material of grasses recently collected in Turkey revealed the existence of three taxa hitherto not reported from this country: Bromus tomentellus Boiss. subsp. nivalis (Bornm.) H. Scholz & Byfield, subsp. et stat. nov., Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus as a probably introduced plant, and Poa asiae-minoris H. Scholz & Byfield, sp. nova, described here as a species new to science.

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Robinia Pseudo-Acacia L. As A Posssible Biomonitor Of Heavy Metal Pollution In Kayseri, Ahmet Aksoy, Uğur Şahi̇n, Fati̇h Duman Jan 2000

Robinia Pseudo-Acacia L. As A Posssible Biomonitor Of Heavy Metal Pollution In Kayseri, Ahmet Aksoy, Uğur Şahi̇n, Fati̇h Duman

Turkish Journal of Botany

The leaves of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (Fabaceae) were tested as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in Kayseri. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were determined in unwashed and washed leaves and soils collected from a wide range of sites with different degrees of metal pollution. Differences between the unwashed and washed samples varied according to the metal pollutant levels. Significant correlations were obtained between the heavy metal concentrations in surface soil and washed leaf samples. R. pseudo-acacia was found to be a useful biomonitor of the heavy metals investigated.

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A New Record For The Flora Of Turkey Physalis Angulatal. (Solanaceae), Mehmet Kaya, Ayşegül Yildirim, F. Nezi̇hi̇ Uygur Jan 2000

A New Record For The Flora Of Turkey Physalis Angulatal. (Solanaceae), Mehmet Kaya, Ayşegül Yildirim, F. Nezi̇hi̇ Uygur

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) is reported for the first time for the flora of Turkey. The specimens were collected from cotton, corn and soybean fields in the Ceyhan, Karataß, Kozan, Yumurtalık (C5) and Osmaniye (C6) districts of Adana, and the Tarsus district of İçel (C5).

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A New Myxomycetes Genus Record For Turkey (Stemonitopsis(Nann.-Brem.) Nann.-Brem.), C. Cem Ergül, Başaran Dülger Jan 2000

A New Myxomycetes Genus Record For Turkey (Stemonitopsis(Nann.-Brem.) Nann.-Brem.), C. Cem Ergül, Başaran Dülger

Turkish Journal of Botany

Stemonitopsis typhina (Wiggers) Nann.-Brem. and Stemonitopsis microspora (A.Lister) Nann.-Brem. ( Stemonitales/Stemonitaceae) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. This is also a new Myxomycetes genus record for Turkey.

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Crop Quality And Utilization: A Twelve-Hour In Vitro Procedure For Sorghum Grain Feed Quality Assessment, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Todd Milton, R. A. Mass Jan 2000

Crop Quality And Utilization: A Twelve-Hour In Vitro Procedure For Sorghum Grain Feed Quality Assessment, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Todd Milton, R. A. Mass

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Improvedmethods for assessing cereal crop feed value are a prerequisite for the genetic improvement of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] feed value. Rate of starch digestion is now commonly believed to be the limiting factor in sorghum utilization by cattle (Bos taurus). However, techniques to assess this trait are not useful to sorghum breeders because of high labor inputs, lab error associated with starch measurement, and need for high numbers of replications. The objective of this study was to develop a simple technique capable of identifying differences in digestion between sorghum and corn (Zea mays L.) …

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Ethylene Production, Cluster Root Formation, And Localization Of Iron(Iii) Reducing Capacity In Fe Deficient Squash Roots, Brian M. Waters, Dale G. Blevins Jan 2000

Ethylene Production, Cluster Root Formation, And Localization Of Iron(Iii) Reducing Capacity In Fe Deficient Squash Roots, Brian M. Waters, Dale G. Blevins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Dicots and non-graminaceous monocots have the ability to increase root iron(III) reducing capacity in response to iron (Fe) deficiency stress. In squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) seedlings, Fe(III) reducing capacity was quantified during early vegetative growth. When plants were grown in Fe-free solution, the Fe(III) reducing capacity was greatly elevated, reached peak activity on day 4, then declined through day 6. Root ethylene production exhibited a temporal pattern that closely matched that of Fe(III) reducing capacity through day 6. On the 7th day of Fe deficiency, cluster root morphology developed, which coincided with a sharp increase in the root Fe(III) …

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Clonal Growth Of Lithospermum Caroliniense (Boraginaceae) In Contrasting Sand Dune Habitats, Stephen G. Weller, Kathleen H. Keeler, Barbara A. Thomson Jan 2000

Clonal Growth Of Lithospermum Caroliniense (Boraginaceae) In Contrasting Sand Dune Habitats, Stephen G. Weller, Kathleen H. Keeler, Barbara A. Thomson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The occurrence of clonal growth of distylous Lithospermum caroliniense was investigated in a population in the Nebraska Sandhills, an area where sand dunes have been relatively stable for at least 1,500–3,000 yr, and compared to a population occurring at the Indiana Dunes, an area of active sand dune formation. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated the occurrence of significant clonal propagation of genetically based floral morphs at Arapaho Prairie, but not for the Indiana Dunes. Apparent clonal growth in the Sandhills population had no overall negative effect on pollen deposition or fecundity relative to the Indiana population, although in some large clones …

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Pollen Flora Of Pakistan -Xx. Molluginaceae, Anjum Perveen, Mohammad Qaiser Jan 2000

Pollen Flora Of Pakistan -Xx. Molluginaceae, Anjum Perveen, Mohammad Qaiser

Turkish Journal of Botany

The pollen morphology of 3 species belonging to the 2 genera of the Molluginaceae family were investigated using light microscopy and scanning microscopy. It was found to be stenopalynous in nature. The pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal or sub-prolate, tricolpate. The tectum is scabrate-punctate. On the basis of the shape of the pollen, 2 distinct pollen types were identified, viz., Glinus lotodies type and Mollugo cerviana -type.

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Pollen Flora Of Pakistan -Xix. Aizoaceae, Anjum Perveen, Mohammad Qaiser Jan 2000

Pollen Flora Of Pakistan -Xix. Aizoaceae, Anjum Perveen, Mohammad Qaiser

Turkish Journal of Botany

The pollen morphology of 7 species belonging to the 7 genera of the family Aizoaceaewas investigated by light microscope and scanning microscope. It is stenopalynous in nature. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal, rarely sub-prolate, tricolpate, colpi long, with tapering ends, colpal membrane granulate. Sexine slightly thinner or thicker then nexine, rarely thicker at the polar reqion than at the equator. Tectum scabrate-punctate or spinulose. On the basis of exine ornamentation 2 distinct pollen types are recognized, namely, the Zaleya pentandra type and the Aizoon canariense type.

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Algal Flora Of Lakes Aygir And Balıkli (Trabzon, Turkey), Bülent Şahi̇n Jan 2000

Algal Flora Of Lakes Aygir And Balıkli (Trabzon, Turkey), Bülent Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

The algal flora of lakes Aygir and Balıkli were studied qualitatively between June and Septembeer 1996. The flora of Lake Aygır was found to consist of 48 species, 26 belonging to Bacillariophyta, 17 to Chlorophyta, 4 to Cyanophyta and 1 to Euglenophyta. The flora of Lake Balıklı was found to consist of 71 species, 34 belonging to Bacillariophyta, 29 to Chlorophyta, 7 to Cyanophytaand 1 to Euglenophyta. The compositions of the species in the two lakes were similar. The main species of the algal flora of the lakes were members of Desmidiales.

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Peroxidase And Iaa-Oxidase Activities During Rooting In Cuttings Of Threepoplar Species, Tohi̇t Güneş Jan 2000

Peroxidase And Iaa-Oxidase Activities During Rooting In Cuttings Of Threepoplar Species, Tohi̇t Güneş

Turkish Journal of Botany

Peroxidase (PO: E. C 1.11.1.7) and IAA. Oxidase (IAA-O) enzyme activities were investigated during rooting in cuttings of Populus nigra L., Populus alba L. and Populus tremula L. ( Salicaceae), and the relations between enzyme activities and rooting ability were examined comparatively. PO activity started to increase the early stages of primordium formation and reached the highest level before root emergence. However, no apparent correlation was found between the activity of PO and the ability of the cuttings to form roots. IAA-O activity was observed only in root cuttings of P. alba and P. nigra. Activity increased after day 6 …

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An Investigation On Chrozophora Tinctoria (L.) Rafin. Distributed In Westanatolia, Süleyman Başlar Jan 2000

An Investigation On Chrozophora Tinctoria (L.) Rafin. Distributed In Westanatolia, Süleyman Başlar

Turkish Journal of Botany

The morphological characteristics of the root, stem, leaf, flower, seed and fruit of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Rafin. (Euphorbiaceae) distributed in West Anatolia were determined, and biometric measurements were taken from samples collected from 42 different localities. This plant is a monoecious, annual herb, 28-63.50 cm. and stellate hairy. Its leaves are alternate and their shapes vary from rombic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate. The leaves are bifacial and amphistomatous. Their stomatas are of the amaryllis and parasitic types. The development of the root, stem, and leaves of the plant were observed when grown under various fertilizer, soil, lime and watering conditions, and their …

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