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Articles 391 - 420 of 692
Full-Text Articles in Botany
Wood Anatomy Of Stilbaceae And Retziaceae: Ecological And Systematic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Stilbaceae And Retziaceae: Ecological And Systematic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomy of ten species in five genera of the Cape Province (South Africa) family Stilbaceae is reported in quantitative and qualitative terms. Wood anatomy for stem, root, and lignotuber is reported for the monotypic Cape genus Retzia. Stilbaceae and Retziaceae are alike in wood anatomy but differ from Verbenaceae by having scalariform perforation plates with few and wide-bordered bars (simple plates and modified scalariform plates are also present); vessel elements clearly fibriform in shape; very scarce axial parenchyma; and long uniseriate wings on multiseriate rays. When added to endosperm presence and ericoid habit, these features may serve to segregate …
The Distribution And Phytogeographic Relationships Of The Woody Plants Of The Soviet Far East, Thomas S. Elias
The Distribution And Phytogeographic Relationships Of The Woody Plants Of The Soviet Far East, Thomas S. Elias
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The woody flora of the Soviet Far East is rich and diverse when compared to dendrofloras at similar latitudes of the world. The bulk of this region lies north of latitude 46 degrees. This area includes the northernmost stations in eastern Asia for many genera, e.g., Abelia, Acer, Aralia, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Hydrangea, Ilex, Juglans, Magnolia, Morus, Quercus, Phellodendron, Sasa, Schizophragrna, Schisandra, Skimmia, Syringa, Tilia, and Ulmus. The majority of the woody species native to the Soviet Far East do not occur elsewhere in the U.S.S.R. Many of the trees and shrubs are native to Japan, Korea, or China and …
On The Submersion Of Dicraurus Into Iresine (Amaranthaceae), James Henrickson, Scott Sundberg
On The Submersion Of Dicraurus Into Iresine (Amaranthaceae), James Henrickson, Scott Sundberg
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The two species of Dicraurus Hook. f. (Amaranthaceae) are shown to be more closely related to different species in Iresine L. than they are to one another. In addition, characters used to distinguish Dicraurus are more widespread within Iresine than was formerly thought, necessitating the merger of Dicraurus into Iresine. The two species as placed in Iresine are I. alternifolia S. Wats. and I. leptociada (Hook. f.) Henrickson & Sundberg. Complete descriptions and distribution maps of the two species are included.
Reproductive Phytochemistry Of Bombacaceae, Ron Scogin
Reproductive Phytochemistry Of Bombacaceae, Ron Scogin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Floral anthocyanins among Bombacaceae exhibit minimal variation and consist of three commonly occurring cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside occurs uniquely in the genus Pachira among taxa surveyed. Nectars are characterized by copious volumes and being somewhat dilute and hexose rich with respect to sugars. No evidence is detectable among Bombacaceae for a nonfiying-mammal floral chemistry syndrome which is distinguishable from a bat-visitation syndrome.
Floral Pigments Of The Yellow Camellia, Camellia Chrysantha (Theaceae), Ron Scogin
Floral Pigments Of The Yellow Camellia, Camellia Chrysantha (Theaceae), Ron Scogin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Floral pigments of Camellia chrysantha consist of three flavonoids (quercimeritrin, rutin, and isoquercitrin) and two xanthophylls (neoxanthin and an unidentified xanthophyll). The transfer of yellow petal coloration from C. chrysantha to other Camellia species may be hampered by interspecific genetic incompatibilities and by the complexities of genetic regulation of biosynthesis of the pigments involved.
Wood Anatomy Of Cassiope (Ericaceae), Gary D. Wallace
Wood Anatomy Of Cassiope (Ericaceae), Gary D. Wallace
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomical characteristics for 21 taxa of Cassiope are reported. Qualitative features differ somewhat from the general pattern of the Ericaceae. However, considerable deviation is found in the quantitative aspects of the wood features. The stems are very slender with narrow growth rings evident in all but one species. Vessel elements are very small and usually have scalariform perforation plates with several bars. Vessels are extremely abundant in transection. Vascular rays are mostly uniseriate with a few biseriates and all are composed exclusively of erect cells. The imperforate elements are tracheids which are the only conductive elements in the late …
Wood Anatomy Of Gesneriaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman
Wood Anatomy Of Gesneriaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for woods of 37 species representing 11 genera; most species included represent a maximal degree of woodiness for the family, and herbaceous groups are mostly omitted. Growth rings are absent or nearly so. Vessel elements have simple perforation plates (except for Kohleria elegans) and alternate circular or oval pits of various sizes on vessel-vessel walls (often laterally elongate, often with gaping apertures, on vessel-parenchyma and vessel-septate fiber interfaces). Grooves interconnect pit apertures in vessels of four genera. Vessels are grouped, usually in radial chains, to a moderate extent. Tyloses are present. Imperforate tracheary …
Wood Anatomy Of Myoporaceae: Ecological And Systematic Considerations, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman
Wood Anatomy Of Myoporaceae: Ecological And Systematic Considerations, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Quantitative and qualitative features are presented for 28 collections of three genera (Bontia, Eremophila, Myoporum); data on Oftia are also included since it is sometimes referred to Myoporaceae. Wood of all Myoporaceae represents variation on a basic plan: woods diffuse porous or semi-ringporous; vessels with simple perforation plates; lateral wall pits of vessels alternate and circular, with grooves interconnecting some pit apertures; vessels grouped to various degrees into radial multiples; imperforate tracheary elements all fiber-tracheids with pit cavities 1-5 μm in diameter (wider on contacts with ray cells), nonseptate; axial parenchyma vasicentric scanty plus, in some …
Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Californian Scrophulariaceae. Ii. Penstemon Subgenus Saccanthera, David C. Michener
Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Californian Scrophulariaceae. Ii. Penstemon Subgenus Saccanthera, David C. Michener
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomy of nonarboreal Scrophulariaceae is little studied, yet such information is needed to understand the evolution of woodiness in the family and order. Description and quantification of wood characters of six species (nine taxa) of Penstemon subgenus Saccanthera show that these woods are specialized. Paedomorphic features include the standard declining-to-level curve of vessel element length by age, and (in several samples) a pronounced tendency to raylessness. Variation in ray characteristics is as great within as between species, suggesting that unsampled populational variation in ray characteristics may be present. Cells intermediate between fibers and nonseptate parenchyma are present and complement …
Nomenclature Note, Sherwin Carlquist
Nomenclature Note, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Wood Anatomy And Familial Status Of Viviania, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy And Familial Status Of Viviania, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood of three species of Viviania from Chile was studied. The wood has growth rings, moderately grouped vessels, helical sculpture in vessels, fiber-tracheids with small pits, and various degrees of storying. Axial parenchyma and rays are absent, regardless of age of stem. These facts are in accord with close relationship to other genera of Geraniaceae sl. Viviania differs from other Geraniaceae in presence of borders on imperforate tracheary elements and presence of endosperm; other differences (polyporate pollen; loculicidal capsules) are shared with some other genera which have familial status according to some authors, subfamilial status according to others. Viviania is …
Trends In Pollination Biology, Herbert G. Baker
Trends In Pollination Biology, Herbert G. Baker
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
An effusion of books and articles on pollination biology has appeared recently, showing a renewed interest in this area of reproductive biology that has strong significance for the continuous evolution of seed plants. Consequently, a comprehensive review is not possible in this paper; topics have been selected and a restricted number of examples given. New findings in "classical" pollination scenarios are reported, while newer topics include the chemistry of nectar in relation to phylogeny and pollinator types. The formation of "pollination ecotypes" within species is considered but the obstructive influence of "phylogenetic constraint" on close adaptation between flower and pollinator …
Morphology And Anatomy Of Foliar Nectaries And Associated Leaves In Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae), Thomas S. Elias, Sun An-Ci
Morphology And Anatomy Of Foliar Nectaries And Associated Leaves In Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae), Thomas S. Elias, Sun An-Ci
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The morphology and anatomy of the foliar nectaries and associated leaves offour species of Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) were studied. Light microscopic observations of paraffin- and plastic-embedded specimens were complemented with scanning electron micrographs. Leaf anatomy of the four species is typical of large mesophytic plants. Aattened foliar nectaries are shown to be composed of specialized epidermal cells. The nonvascularized nectaries consist of narrow columnar cells each with a large nucleus, numerous vacuoles, and dense cytoplasm. Subglandular parenchyma cells have more pronounced nuclei, more vacuoles and denser cytoplasm than do typical laminar parenchyma. Structurally, these nectaries are similar to those found in …
Taxonomy Of The Allium Tribracteatum (Alliaceae) Complex, William R. Mortola, Dale W. Mcneal
Taxonomy Of The Allium Tribracteatum (Alliaceae) Complex, William R. Mortola, Dale W. Mcneal
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Allium tribracteatum and related species present a confusing array in California. Previous attempts at classification have been largely unsuccessful and keys that are available are unworkable. Herbarium and field studies were initiated to ascertain if previously overlooked characteristics could be found that would elucidate relationships within the group. Members of the complex were examined morphologically and cytologically. Based on these investigations four of the seven previously described taxa are considered valid: A. cratericola, A. obtusum, A. tribracteatum, and A. yosemitense. Allium tribracteatum is redefined and A. obtusum is divided into two varieties. Allium obtusum var. conspicuum …
Comparative Anatomical Studies In Danthonia Sensu Lato (Danthonieae: Poaceae), Kay L. Tomlinson
Comparative Anatomical Studies In Danthonia Sensu Lato (Danthonieae: Poaceae), Kay L. Tomlinson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Leaf anatomy and lodicule micromorphology were examined for representative species of Danthonia, 12 of its segregate genera, Cortaderia, and Schismus. Major conclusions are: 1) Generic status for the segregates Centropodia, Dregeochloa, Monachather, and Pseudopentameris is supported; these genera appear isolated in the Danthonieae. 2) Rytidosperma appears to be distinct from Danthonia s.s., and from Chionochloa. 3) Suggested close relationships between Merxmuellera and Chionochloa, and between Chionochloa and Cortaderia, are not supported. 4) Karroochloa and Schismus appear to be closely related. 5) Danthonia cachemyriana and D. exilis may be more closely related to Karroochloa than to Danthonia s.s.
Observations On Functional Wood Histology Of Vines And Lianas, Sherwin Carlquist
Observations On Functional Wood Histology Of Vines And Lianas, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Types of xylem histology in vines, rather than types of cambial activity and xylem conformation, form the focus of this survey. Scandent plants are high in conductive capability, but therefore have highly vulnerable hydrosystems; this survey attempts to see what kinds of adaptations exist for safety and in which taxa. A review of scandent dicotyledons reveals that a high proportion possesses vasicentric tracheids (22 families) or true tracheids (24 families); the majority of scandent families falls in these categories. Other features for which listings are given include vascular tracheids, fibriform vessel elements, helical sculpture in vessels, starch-rich parenchyma adjacent to …
A Taxonomic Revision Of Chilopsis (Bignoniaceae), James Henrickson
A Taxonomic Revision Of Chilopsis (Bignoniaceae), James Henrickson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The genus Chilopsis contains one species, C. linearis, with two subspecies: subsp. linearis of the Chihuahuan Desert characterized by erect, straight leaves, and subsp. arcuata of the Sonoran and Mojave deserts with longer, arcuate leaves and other distinguishing characteristics. Populations of subsp. linearis east of the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico have woolly stems and are described as a new variety, tomenticaulis. Relationships between Chilopsis and Catalpa are discussed and data are presented supporting continued recognition of Chilopsis as a distinct genus.
Xerospiraea, A Generic Segregate Of Spiraea (Rosaceae) From Mexico, James Henrickson
Xerospiraea, A Generic Segregate Of Spiraea (Rosaceae) From Mexico, James Henrickson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The xeromorphic Mexican spiraeas (S. hartwegiana and S. northcraftii) are shown by cladistic and phenetic analysis to be more closely allied to Petrophytum, Kelseya, and Luetkea than to the more mesophytic Spiraea. Within Spiraea the Mexican spiraeas appear more closely related to the Old World subgenus Metaspiraea. The xeromorphic Mexican spiraeas, as well as Petrophytum, Kelseya and Luetkea, are considered to be New World derivitives of Old World Spiraea subgenus Metaspiraea that have become part of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora, with each genus achieving some level of xeromorphic adaptation. The Mexican spiraeas are thus considered generically distinct and are …
Monographing In The 1980s, Ghillean T. Prance
Monographing In The 1980s, Ghillean T. Prance
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The production of taxonomic monographs is discussed in light of the modern tools that are available for their preparation. There is a great need for more monographs since much of the world's flora is not treated in contemporary revisions. These should be a balance between the traditional aspects that must still be employed such as the nomenclatural framework and the consultation of type specimens, and the use of modem techniques, computer data analysis and field work. The importance of field studies in association with monographic studies is stressed both to give a better understanding of traditional morphological features and to …
Wind Dispersal In Californian Desert Plants: Experimental Studies And Conceptual Considerations, Jay C. Maddox, Sherwin Carlquist
Wind Dispersal In Californian Desert Plants: Experimental Studies And Conceptual Considerations, Jay C. Maddox, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Because of the important role wind is alleged to have in dispersal of fruits and seeds in desert plants, diaspores were collected for experimental study of 14 species from two Sonoran Desert localities of Imperial Co., California. Field observations on natural dispersal of these species also were made. Although all 14 species were not judged to be primarily adapted to anemochory, tests on air transport capability were made using a calibrated and modified seed-blowing machine. Diaspores were tested individually and results for 20 trials averaged for each experimental condition. In one series of tests, lofting ability was determined. In other …
Anthocyanins Of Bignoniaceae. Ii. Additional Data And Cladistic Analysis, Ron Scogin
Anthocyanins Of Bignoniaceae. Ii. Additional Data And Cladistic Analysis, Ron Scogin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Floral anthocyanins for 13 species of Bignoniaceae are reported, including the first report of the occurrence of acylated anthocyanins in this family. No additional occurrences of 3-desoxyanthocyanins were detected. The Hennigian cladogram based on floral pigments agrees poorly with phylogenetic affinities postulated on the basis of more general taxonomic characters.
Experimental Studies On Epizoochorous Dispersal In Californian Plants, Sherwin Carlquist, Quinn Pauly
Experimental Studies On Epizoochorous Dispersal In Californian Plants, Sherwin Carlquist, Quinn Pauly
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Experiments studying degrees of adherence ability to various surfaces were undertaken with presumably epizoochorous diaspores of 14 native and eight introduced species from southern California. A commonly available laboratory shaker was modified so as to provide a standard means for dislodging diaspores from surfaces. Diaspores were dropped onto a cloth-covered board and percentages of dislodged diaspores recorded after inversion and then after intervals of shaking. Three fabrics were used: a velvet with short pile, an artificial wood with short curly strands, and a furlike fabric with straight strands. Attachment to the velvet was nil for most species, showing that a …
Vasicentric Tracheids As A Drought Survival Mechanism In The Woody Flora Of Southern California And Similar Regions; Review Of Vasicentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist
Vasicentric Tracheids As A Drought Survival Mechanism In The Woody Flora Of Southern California And Similar Regions; Review Of Vasicentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Vasicentric tracheids are defined as tracheids present adjacent to vessels in a wood which also possesses libriform fibers or fiber-tracheids as imperforate tracheary elements. Vasculartracheids would correspond with this definition, but are defined as occurring only in latewood, whereas vasicentric tracheids occur throughout a growth ring or in wood of a diffuse-porous species. V asicentric tracheids offer a subsidiary conducting system which can supply stems and leaves when the vessels to which vasicentric tracheids are adjacent fail because of air embolisms. True tracheids (present as the sole imperforate tracheary element type in the woods in which they occur) have much …
Vegetative Anatomy And Familial Placement Of Tovaria, Sherwin Carlquist
Vegetative Anatomy And Familial Placement Of Tovaria, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Leaf, stem, node, and wood anatomy are examined for Tovaria pendula collections from Peru. Features claimed to separate Tovaria from Capparaceae have hitherto included exstipulate nodes and paracytic stomata. However, the presence of stipules and of anomocytic stomata is demonstrated, together with occurrence of probable myrosin cells in leaves and stems. The nodal type is one reported from Capparaceae. This leaves features of gynoecium and fruit, chiefly, as means of distinguishing Tovaria from Capparaceae: ovary nonstipitate, 6-8 loculate, with axile placentation; fruit a berry; ovules with two nucellus layers; endosperm well developed. These features are considered insufficient to maintain recognition …
A Novel New Species Of Syncephalis, Richard K. Benjamin
A Novel New Species Of Syncephalis, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Syncephalis hypogena, a new species isolated from soil collected in southern California is described from cultures on Mortierella bisporalis. Salient features of its vegetative development and reproduction, both sexual and asexual, are illustrated with photographs and line drawings. The species is distinguished from all other members of the genus in typically producing merosporangia from the lower rather than the upper hemisphere of the terminal ampulla of the sporangiophore.
Morphology And Relationships Of A New Species Of Microsomyces (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois, Richard K. Benjamin
Morphology And Relationships Of A New Species Of Microsomyces (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Microsomyces telephani, a new species of Laboulbeniaceae, is described from collections found on Telephanus velox (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) from Illinois. Features of development and maturity of the new species are illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Microsomyces telephani differs from the type and previously only known species of the genus, M. psammoechi, in its larger, more highly corticated receptacle, which bears secondary appendages, and in its larger primary appendage, which typically bears several antheridial phialides. Among known genera of Laboulbeniales, Microsomyces is thought to be most closely related to Cucujomyces.
Wood Anatomy Of Some Gentianaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Some Gentianaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Synandromyces Telephani (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois And Development Of Its Trichogyne, Richard K. Benjamin
Synandromyces Telephani (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois And Development Of Its Trichogyne, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Synandromyces telephani, originally described from Argentina and subsequently recorded (immature specimens only) from Guatemala, Jamaica, and Trinidad, is reported from Illinois, U.S.A. Characteristics of the genus Synandromyces are reviewed and compared with those of two nearly related genera, Acompsomyces and Stemmatomyces. A key to the nine known species of Synandromyces is presented. Development of the relatively gigantic, determinate, two-celled trichogyne of S. telephani is described and illustrated from the Illinois collections. Trichogyne morphology and other thallus characteristics are discussed in relation to their possible significance in assessing relationships among Acompsomyces, Stemmatomyces, Synandromyces, and other genera of Laboulbeniales.
Wood Anatomy Of Polemoniaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart, David C. Michener
Wood Anatomy Of Polemoniaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart, David C. Michener
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Wood Anatomy Of Loasaceae With Relation To Systematics, Habit, And Ecology, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Loasaceae With Relation To Systematics, Habit, And Ecology, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.