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Articles 361 - 390 of 692
Full-Text Articles in Botany
New Species And Transfers Into Justicia (Acanthaceae), James Henrickson, Patricia Hiriart
New Species And Transfers Into Justicia (Acanthaceae), James Henrickson, Patricia Hiriart
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Justicia medrani and J. zopilotensis are described as new species while Anisacanthus gonzalezii is transferred into Justicia. The triad all have floral venation similar to red, tubular-flowered species of Justicia, though they differ from most Justicia in their tricolporate pollen with distinct pseudocolpi. In pollen and anther characters they are similar to Anisacanthus and Carlowrightia, but they differ from these in corolla vascularization and anther presentation and from Carlowrightia in corolla size. As the three taxa do not appear to represent a monophyletic group, and as Stearn has placed taxa with similar pollen into what has become a holding genus, …
Foliar Flavonoids Of Camellia Chrysantha (Theaceae), Rob Scogin
Foliar Flavonoids Of Camellia Chrysantha (Theaceae), Rob Scogin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Foliar flavonoids of Camellia chrysantha consist of two flavone C-glycosides which have chromatographic and spectroscopic properties very similar to corymboside and isocorymboside. The lack of detectable foliar flavonol glycosides contrasts with their presence in flowers of this species and may be anomalous within the genus Camellia.
Wood Anatomy Of Scytopetalaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Scytopetalaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Eight wood samples representing six species in two genera of Scytopetalaceae are examined with respect to qualitative and quantitative features. Rhaptopetalum differs from Scytopetalum by having scalariform perforation plates, fiber-tracheids, longer vessel elements, and a series of features probably related to the understory status of Rhaptopetalum is compared to the emergent nature of Scytopetalum. Features ofScytopetalaceae relevant to relationships of the family include (I) scaJariform perforation plates; (2) alternate medium-sized intervascular pits; (3) scalariform vessel-parenchyma pitting; (4) diffuse-in-aggregates and scanty vasicentric axial parenchyma; (5) axial parenchyma strands subdivided in places into chains of chambered crystals; and (6) rays that are …
Wood Anatomy Of Drimys S.S. (Winteraceae), Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Drimys S.S. (Winteraceae), Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative data are reported for seven specimens representing six varieties of the four species of Drimys generally recognized. Tracheid length and diameter are correlated both with plant size and with severity of climate: wide, long tracheids, not fluctuating in diameter seasonally, occur in Drimys of moderate elevations in subtropical latitude; narrower, shorter tracheids, becoming radially narrower briefly in latewood, occur in Drimys from higher altitudes and latitudes. Vesturing (warty layer) on the inside surface of tracheids occurs in Drimys from latitudes and altitudes where appreciable freezing is to be expected, but vesturing is absent at lower elevations and …
Taxonomic Notes On Carex (Cyperaceae) Of Austral South America, Gerald A. Wheeler
Taxonomic Notes On Carex (Cyperaceae) Of Austral South America, Gerald A. Wheeler
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The name Carex poeppigii (sect. Echinochlaenae) is validated and a new combination in South American Carex, C. vixdentata (sect. Spirostachyae), is made here. Also, the taxonomic status of C. aueri is discussed, and this name is placed in the synonymy of C. reichei (sect. Arenariae).
Tracheid Dimorphism: A New Pathway In Evolution Of Imperforate Tracheary Elements, Sherwin Carlquist
Tracheid Dimorphism: A New Pathway In Evolution Of Imperforate Tracheary Elements, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Certain dicotyledon families characteristically have tracheids as their imperforate tracheary element type. Of these, six families are anomalous by having septate (or nonseptate but living) fiber-tracheids or libriform fibers coexisting with the tracheids in some species or genera (Austrobaileyaceae, Celastraceae, Convolvulaceae, Ericaceae, and Grossulariaceae, and Rosaceae). Data from the literature and original data on wood anatomy of these families are presented. A theory of tracheid dimorphism is developed to account for these instances of tracheids combined with fiber-tracheids or libriform fibers. According to this theory, septate or living fiber-tracheids or libriform fibers are produced in addition to tracheids, starting with …
Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-Like Foliage From The Paleogene Of Western North America, Jack A. Wolfe, Wesley Wehr
Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-Like Foliage From The Paleogene Of Western North America, Jack A. Wolfe, Wesley Wehr
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Chamaebatiaria and Chamaebatia, two characteristic genera of the Californian floristic province, are traditionally placed in different subfamilies of Rosaceae , Spiraeoideae and Rosoideae, respectively. Analysis of the foliar and reproductive characters of the extant species of these genera indicates that the two genera could be closely related and the assignment of Chamaebatia to Rosoideae invalid. Fossil leaves of lineages of both genera occur in the Paleogene montane floras of the Rocky Mountain region and provide evidence that the two lineages diverged from a common ancestor in the Eocene. The common ancestor probably was adapted to sunny habitats in mesic coniferous …
Wood Anatomy Of Cneoraceae: Ecology, Relationships, And Generic Definition, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Cneoraceae: Ecology, Relationships, And Generic Definition, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomy of the three species of Cneorurm is described qualitatively and quantitatively. The species differ in features related to ecology and form a clear series in this regard. The wood features of the family can all be matched by some Rutaceae and Simarubaceae, and the characteristics of Cneoraceae are listed in this connection. Nearly as many features are shared by Cneoraceae with Anacardiaceae and Sapindaceae; certain distinctive features may be found in somewhat more distant families, such as Oxalidaceae. Resemblances between Cneoraceae and Euphorbiaceae are attributed at least in part to the fact that Euphorbiaceae comprise a highly heterogeneous …
Leaf Phenolics Of Gunnera Manicata (Gunneraceae), Michael F. Doyle, Ron Scogin
Leaf Phenolics Of Gunnera Manicata (Gunneraceae), Michael F. Doyle, Ron Scogin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Foliar material of Gunnera manicata (Gunneraceae) was examined for the presence of phenolics using standard extraction and identification techniques. Two lIavonoids, quercetin 3-0-ga1actoside and quercetin 3-0-g1ucoside and an unidentified ellagitannin are reported as occurring in G. manicata . The presence of quercetin 3-0-galactoside and a high concentration of ellagitannins offers some phytochemical support for a putative relationship between the Gunneraceae and Saxifragales.
Adaptability Of Scanning Electron Microscopy To Studies Of Pollen Morphology, John J. Skvarla, John R. Rowley, William F. Chissoe
Adaptability Of Scanning Electron Microscopy To Studies Of Pollen Morphology, John J. Skvarla, John R. Rowley, William F. Chissoe
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
We have explored methods to achieve excellent results in study of the pollen grain wall by using only one electron microscope, the scanning electron microscope (SEM). While the secondary electron imaging mode, the most common in use, has great value in characterizing the exine surface it is possible to obtain a more comprehensive representation of pollen grain walls by expanding the capability of the secondary mode and making use of backscatter and transmission imaging detectors. In this way information is obtained about internal exine features that are likely to be more stable phylogenetically than the generally late-to-form surface structure. We …
A Synopsis Of Flacourtiaceae, David E. Lemke
A Synopsis Of Flacourtiaceae, David E. Lemke
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Flacourtiaceae are a large, mostly tropical, family containing more than 800 species. As circumscribed by Warburg and Gilg the family is rather heterogeneous and indeterminate. The most recent generic treatment, that of Hutchinson, represents a considerable improvement in our understanding of the family, yet Hutchinson's Flacourtiaceae still contain a number of disparate elements. This preliminary generic treatment, based upon studies of gross morphology, wood anatomy, palynology, and phytochemistry, attempts to provide a revised framework for future studies of this diverse family. Ten tribes (Berberidopsideae, Erythrospermeae, Oncobeae, Pangieae , Homalieae, Scolopieae , Prockieae, Flacourtieae, Casearieae, Bembicieae) comprising 79 genera are recognized. …
Wood Anatomy Of Acanthaceae: A Survey, Sherwin Carlquist, Scott Zona
Wood Anatomy Of Acanthaceae: A Survey, Sherwin Carlquist, Scott Zona
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative wood features are reported for 38 species representing 22 genera, including the scandent genera Mendoncia and Thunbergia. Woods of Acanthaceae are characterized by relatively narrow vessels with simple perforation plates and alternate lateral wall pitting, septate libriform fibers, scanty vasicentric axial parenchyma, rays both multiseriate and uniseriate, erect ray cells abundant in rays (some species rayless or near-rayless), numerous small crystals or cystoliths in ray cells in a few genera (first documented reports of both characters in woods of Acanthaceae), and nonstoried structure. This constellation of features is very closely matched by woods of Gesneriaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Pedaliaceae, …
Wood Anatomy Of Nolanaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Nolanaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood of seven collections of six species of Nolana, a genus (18 spp.) of the central western coast of South America was studied for quantitative and qualitative features. The wood is ring porous, with moderately wide vessels bearing simple perforation plates and alternate pits with some grooves interconnecting slitlike pit apertures. Imperforate tracheary elements are fiber-tracheids with vestigial borders on pits or libriform fibers; vasicentric tracheids (reported for Nolanaceae for the first time) are present in varying numbers. Axial parenchyma is vasicentric scanty (sometimes absent), sometimes with tangential bands that may be terminal in part. Rays are both multiseriate and …
Wood Anatomy Of Martniaceae And Pedaliaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Martniaceae And Pedaliaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Quantitative and qualitative features are reported for one species of Martynia (Martyniaceae) and for seven species of six genera of Pedaliaceae. The inclusion of woody annuals as well as of shrubs provides a broader picture ofPedaliaceae than hitherto available. The wood features of Martyniaceae and Pedaliaceae (listed in the Systematic Conclusions) are compatible with placement of these families in Scrophulariales (Bignoniales). Ifindividual features of the two families are compared with those of other families of the order, however, no one family can be cited as more closely related to Martyniaceae and Pedaliaceae than any other. Martyniaceae is not necessarily the …
Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae): Seed Coat Morphology Of Lemmonia Californica Ajd Nama Species Allies With Nama Demissum, John D. Bacon
Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae): Seed Coat Morphology Of Lemmonia Californica Ajd Nama Species Allies With Nama Demissum, John D. Bacon
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Seed coat morphology of Lemmonia californica. long held to be a relative of Nama, was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Its seed coat exhibits reticulum cells with undulate cell walls and columnar radial wall thickenings. Seed coat structure in nine species of Nama, N. demissum, N. aretioides, N. densum, N. parviflorumm, N. pusillum, N. depressum, N. dichotomum, N. sericeum and N. origanifolium, members forming one of six seed groups in Nama, also exhibit reticulum cells with undulate walls and columnar wall thickenings. The Nama species and Lemmonia are remarkably similar in testa organization, suggesting that the relationship …
A New Species Of Carex (Cyperaceae) From Western South America And A New Combination In The Genus, Gerald A. Wheeler
A New Species Of Carex (Cyperaceae) From Western South America And A New Combination In The Genus, Gerald A. Wheeler
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A new species of Carex (Cyperaceae) is described from western South America. Carex pleioneura (sect. Foetidae) occurs in central Chile and west-central Argentina, where it grows on rocky slopes, among rocks bordering streams, and in mountain meadows (vegas). A new combination in South American Carex. C. longii var. meridionalis (sect. Ovales), is also made here.
Astralagus Ertterae (Fabaceae), A New Species From The Southern Sierra Nevada, Rupert C. Barneby, James R. Shevock
Astralagus Ertterae (Fabaceae), A New Species From The Southern Sierra Nevada, Rupert C. Barneby, James R. Shevock
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Astragalus ertterae, a new species from pinyon pine woodlands, southern Sierra Nevada, Kern County, California, is described and illustrated. This remarkable new species is morphologically closest to A. bicristatus in sect. Bicristati but differs in its dwarf stature, pilose indumentum, short peduncles, somewhat smaller flowers, and especially in a pod only half as long and proportionately twice as plump.
More New Astragali From Turkey, Kit Tan, F. Sorger
More New Astragali From Turkey, Kit Tan, F. Sorger
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Nine new species of Astragalus representing four sections of the genus are described from central, south and east Anatolia and illustrated.
Brongniartia Sousae (Fabaceae: Fabiodeae), A New Species From The Isthmus Of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca Mexico, Oscar Dorado
Brongniartia Sousae (Fabaceae: Fabiodeae), A New Species From The Isthmus Of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca Mexico, Oscar Dorado
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A new species, Brongniarlia sousae, endemic to the region of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Its affinities with B. parvifolia Rose are discussed and habitat data are given.
Nothoscordum Montveidense Sensu Lato: New Polyploid Cototypes From Argentina, Leopoldo Montes, Maria Celia Nuciari, Raúl Horacio Rodríguez
Nothoscordum Montveidense Sensu Lato: New Polyploid Cototypes From Argentina, Leopoldo Montes, Maria Celia Nuciari, Raúl Horacio Rodríguez
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Two natural cytotypes of the Nothoscordum montevidense complex are described for the southeastern region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The cytotypes are 2n = 6x = 24 and 2n = 8x = 32 with metacentric chromosomes (m). Cytological and morphological evidence indicates that these cytotypes belong to N. montevidense ssp. latitepalum, although this subspecies is 2n = 4x = 16m. The probable origin of these cytotypes is discussed.
Chromosome Numbers And Evolution In Anoda And Periptera (Malvaceae), David M. Bates
Chromosome Numbers And Evolution In Anoda And Periptera (Malvaceae), David M. Bates
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Relationships within and between the principally North American, malvaceous genera Anoda and Periptera are assessed through analysis of chromosomal and hybridization data. Chromosome numbers are reported for ten species of Anoda and one of Periptera, and observations on meiosis in hybrid and non hybrid plants are presented. The results indicate: I) that Anoda and Periptera are closely related and occupy a relatively isolated position in the tribe Malveae, 2) that speciation in Anoda has occurred primarily at the diploid level, n = 15 , although A. crenatiflora is tetraploid and A. cristata includes diploids, tetraploids, and hexapJoids, and 3) that …
Pollination Ecology In The Southwest, Beryl B. Simpson, John L. Neff
Pollination Ecology In The Southwest, Beryl B. Simpson, John L. Neff
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Comparisons of the pollination biology of members of a number of genera (Prosopis, Helianthus, Opuntia, and Krameria) widespread in the arid American Southwest are made between sites in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona and the dry oak-juniper grasslands of central Texas. As in the majority of cases studied to date in the dry regions of the Southwest, solitary bees are the dominant pollinators in all of the systems examined. Rich arrays of oligolectic bees are associated with Prosopis, Helianthus, and Opuntia, but none with Krameria which offers oils rather than pollen and nectar …
Diagonal And Tangential Vessel Aggregations In Wood: Function And Relationship To Vasecentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist
Diagonal And Tangential Vessel Aggregations In Wood: Function And Relationship To Vasecentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The list of families with diagonal ("dendritic" or " flamelike" of other authors) patterns of vessel aggregation is similar to the list of families that have vasicentric tracheids. This paper attempts to deal with apparent exceptions. Because of recent reports of vasicentric tracheids, the families with diagonal vessel aggregations are all also on the list of families with vasicentric tracheids with the exception of four families. Genera of those four families are studied to see if a relationship between vasicentric tracheids and diagonal vessel aggregations does hold. Of the families not on both lists, Leitneriaceae (Leitneria), Melastomataceae ( …
Revision Of The Genus Anoda (Malvaceae), Paul A. Fryxell
Revision Of The Genus Anoda (Malvaceae), Paul A. Fryxell
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A revision of the genus Anoda is presented that recognizes 23 species, of which ten are described as new. The genus includes annual herbs, subshrubs, and occasionally shrubs and occurs from the southern United States to Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Most of this distributional range, however, is accounted for by a single species, A. cristata, which also occurs as an adventive in a few other parts of the world. The genus is principally Mexican, all of the species occurring within that country. Anoda is closely allied to the genus Periptera, also a Mexican genus, and the two genera share …
Wood Anatomy Of Placothira (Loasaceae), Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Placothira (Loasaceae), Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomy of the single species of Plakothira, a recently discovered genus from the Marquesas Islands, is described qualitatively and quantitatively. Features new for the family include presence of vasicentric scanty axial parenchyma and presence of perforated ray cells. Plakothira has several wood features specialized for Loasaceae: vasicentric axial parenchyma, extremely reduced borders on fibertracheids, and storying in fiber-tracheids. Wood of Plakothira is clearly loasaceous. Storying in fibertracheids is reported here for the loasaceous genera Fuertesia and Mentzelia. Wood anatomy of Plakothira represents paedomorphosis in great length of vessel elements, erectness of ray cells, lack of change in large primary …
New Or Noteworthy Species Of Flowering Plants From The Sierra Madre De Sur Of Guerrero And Michoacán, Mexico, Paul A. Fryxell, Stephen D. Koch
New Or Noteworthy Species Of Flowering Plants From The Sierra Madre De Sur Of Guerrero And Michoacán, Mexico, Paul A. Fryxell, Stephen D. Koch
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The Sierra Madre del Sur of Pacific coastal Mexico has been of limited accessibility and therefore not well explored botanically. Only G. B. Hinton and E. Langlasse have made significant collections from the area. More recent collections by the authors have resulted in the recognition of nine new species, described herein as follows: Acanthaceae—Elytraria rnexieana; Malvaceae—Bastardiastrurn batesii, Gossypiurn schwendirnanii, Hibiscus zygornorphus, Kosteletzkya flavicentrum, Periptera lobelioides, Sida fastuosa, and Sida prolifiea; and Tumeraceae—Piriquetia mexieana. Other species meriting specific comment include Dioseorea insignis (Dioscoreaceae), Anotea flavida (Malvaceae), and Helieteres rekoi …
Pliocene Nothofagus Wood From The Transantarctic Mountains, Sherwin Carlquist
Pliocene Nothofagus Wood From The Transantarctic Mountains, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Subfossil wood fragments up to 10 cm long and 2 cm in diameter recovered from a locality thought on the basis of diatom deposits to be upper Pliocene-lower Pleistocene (Oliver Bluffs, Sirius Formation, 85°10'S., between 1800 and 1900 m in the Transantarctic Mountains) were sectioned for identification. Degradation prevented observation of some wood features, but others were well preserved. All of the fragments appear to represent one species. Features of growth rings (ring porous, vessels mostly solitary in earlywood), rays (predominantly uniseriate, both erect and procumbent cells common), vessel perforation plates (simple, at least in earlywood), lateral wall pitting of …
New Species, Combinations, And Notes In Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae), James Henrickson
New Species, Combinations, And Notes In Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae), James Henrickson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Ipomopsis wendtii and Ipomopsis aggregata subsp. carmenensis are described as new from the Sierra del Jardín and Sierra del Carmen in northern Coahuila, Mexico, Ipomopsis pringlei is recognized as specifically distinct from Ipomopsis macombii. Gilia calothrysa is considered synonymous with I. macombii, and Ipomopsis effusa is reported as new to the floras of California and the United States.
Effects Of Mineral Nutrition On Components Of Reproduction In Clarkia Ungucilata, Frank C. Vasek, Vincent Weng, Robert J. Beaver, Charles K. Huszar
Effects Of Mineral Nutrition On Components Of Reproduction In Clarkia Ungucilata, Frank C. Vasek, Vincent Weng, Robert J. Beaver, Charles K. Huszar
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nutritional level and flower location on factors related to flower, pollen, and ovule production, and to determine what developmental patterns would be modified to mediate any observed changes. Plants subjected to high nutrient levels developed larger leaves, more branches, more flowers on both the main stem and the branches, and opened their first flowers 6 days sooner than plants at lower levels of nutrients. Total flower number increased from 72.2 to 626.8 per plant, with most of the increase produced on the primary branches. The number of pollen grains in the …
Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Hemiptera. V. Triceromyces, Richard K. Benjamin
Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Hemiptera. V. Triceromyces, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Six species of Triceromyces (Laboulbeniales), including the type, T. balazucii (on Hebridae), parasitic on semiaquatic Hemiptera, were studied at the light-microscopic level. Descriptions are provided for all of the taxa, and features of developmental morphology are described, compared, and illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Four species are described as new: T. hebri (on Hebridae), T. hydrometrae (on Hydrometridae), and T. biformis and T. bullatus (on Mesoveliidae). The species growing on Hebridae and Hydrometridae are monoecious. The two species on Mesoveliidae develop monoecious and dioecious morphs, which occur together on the same host individual. This phenomenon is recognized and described …