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Articles 421 - 450 of 709

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Comparative Anatomical Studies In Danthonia Sensu Lato (Danthonieae: Poaceae), Kay L. Tomlinson Jan 1985

Comparative Anatomical Studies In Danthonia Sensu Lato (Danthonieae: Poaceae), Kay L. Tomlinson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Leaf anatomy and lodicule micromorphology were examined for representative species of Danthonia, 12 of its segregate genera, Cortaderia, and Schismus. Major conclusions are: 1) Generic status for the segregates Centropodia, Dregeochloa, Monachather, and Pseudopentameris is supported; these genera appear isolated in the Danthonieae. 2) Rytidosperma appears to be distinct from Danthonia s.s., and from Chionochloa. 3) Suggested close relationships between Merxmuellera and Chionochloa, and between Chionochloa and Cortaderia, are not supported. 4) Karroochloa and Schismus appear to be closely related. 5) Danthonia cachemyriana and D. exilis may be more closely related to Karroochloa than to Danthonia s.s.


Observations On Functional Wood Histology Of Vines And Lianas, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1985

Observations On Functional Wood Histology Of Vines And Lianas, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Types of xylem histology in vines, rather than types of cambial activity and xylem conformation, form the focus of this survey. Scandent plants are high in conductive capability, but therefore have highly vulnerable hydrosystems; this survey attempts to see what kinds of adaptations exist for safety and in which taxa. A review of scandent dicotyledons reveals that a high proportion possesses vasicentric tracheids (22 families) or true tracheids (24 families); the majority of scandent families falls in these categories. Other features for which listings are given include vascular tracheids, fibriform vessel elements, helical sculpture in vessels, starch-rich parenchyma adjacent to …


A Taxonomic Revision Of Chilopsis (Bignoniaceae), James Henrickson Jan 1985

A Taxonomic Revision Of Chilopsis (Bignoniaceae), James Henrickson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The genus Chilopsis contains one species, C. linearis, with two subspecies: subsp. linearis of the Chihuahuan Desert characterized by erect, straight leaves, and subsp. arcuata of the Sonoran and Mojave deserts with longer, arcuate leaves and other distinguishing characteristics. Populations of subsp. linearis east of the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico have woolly stems and are described as a new variety, tomenticaulis. Relationships between Chilopsis and Catalpa are discussed and data are presented supporting continued recognition of Chilopsis as a distinct genus.


Xerospiraea, A Generic Segregate Of Spiraea (Rosaceae) From Mexico, James Henrickson Jan 1985

Xerospiraea, A Generic Segregate Of Spiraea (Rosaceae) From Mexico, James Henrickson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The xeromorphic Mexican spiraeas (S. hartwegiana and S. northcraftii) are shown by cladistic and phenetic analysis to be more closely allied to Petrophytum, Kelseya, and Luetkea than to the more mesophytic Spiraea. Within Spiraea the Mexican spiraeas appear more closely related to the Old World subgenus Metaspiraea. The xeromorphic Mexican spiraeas, as well as Petrophytum, Kelseya and Luetkea, are considered to be New World derivitives of Old World Spiraea subgenus Metaspiraea that have become part of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora, with each genus achieving some level of xeromorphic adaptation. The Mexican spiraeas are thus considered generically distinct and are …


Monographing In The 1980s, Ghillean T. Prance Jan 1985

Monographing In The 1980s, Ghillean T. Prance

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The production of taxonomic monographs is discussed in light of the modern tools that are available for their preparation. There is a great need for more monographs since much of the world's flora is not treated in contemporary revisions. These should be a balance between the traditional aspects that must still be employed such as the nomenclatural framework and the consultation of type specimens, and the use of modem techniques, computer data analysis and field work. The importance of field studies in association with monographic studies is stressed both to give a better understanding of traditional morphological features and to …


Wind Dispersal In Californian Desert Plants: Experimental Studies And Conceptual Considerations, Jay C. Maddox, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1985

Wind Dispersal In Californian Desert Plants: Experimental Studies And Conceptual Considerations, Jay C. Maddox, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Because of the important role wind is alleged to have in dispersal of fruits and seeds in desert plants, diaspores were collected for experimental study of 14 species from two Sonoran Desert localities of Imperial Co., California. Field observations on natural dispersal of these species also were made. Although all 14 species were not judged to be primarily adapted to anemochory, tests on air transport capability were made using a calibrated and modified seed-blowing machine. Diaspores were tested individually and results for 20 trials averaged for each experimental condition. In one series of tests, lofting ability was determined. In other …


Anthocyanins Of Bignoniaceae. Ii. Additional Data And Cladistic Analysis, Ron Scogin Jan 1985

Anthocyanins Of Bignoniaceae. Ii. Additional Data And Cladistic Analysis, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Floral anthocyanins for 13 species of Bignoniaceae are reported, including the first report of the occurrence of acylated anthocyanins in this family. No additional occurrences of 3-desoxyanthocyanins were detected. The Hennigian cladogram based on floral pigments agrees poorly with phylogenetic affinities postulated on the basis of more general taxonomic characters.


Experimental Studies On Epizoochorous Dispersal In Californian Plants, Sherwin Carlquist, Quinn Pauly Jan 1985

Experimental Studies On Epizoochorous Dispersal In Californian Plants, Sherwin Carlquist, Quinn Pauly

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Experiments studying degrees of adherence ability to various surfaces were undertaken with presumably epizoochorous diaspores of 14 native and eight introduced species from southern California. A commonly available laboratory shaker was modified so as to provide a standard means for dislodging diaspores from surfaces. Diaspores were dropped onto a cloth-covered board and percentages of dislodged diaspores recorded after inversion and then after intervals of shaking. Three fabrics were used: a velvet with short pile, an artificial wood with short curly strands, and a furlike fabric with straight strands. Attachment to the velvet was nil for most species, showing that a …


Vasicentric Tracheids As A Drought Survival Mechanism In The Woody Flora Of Southern California And Similar Regions; Review Of Vasicentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1985

Vasicentric Tracheids As A Drought Survival Mechanism In The Woody Flora Of Southern California And Similar Regions; Review Of Vasicentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Vasicentric tracheids are defined as tracheids present adjacent to vessels in a wood which also possesses libriform fibers or fiber-tracheids as imperforate tracheary elements. Vasculartracheids would correspond with this definition, but are defined as occurring only in latewood, whereas vasicentric tracheids occur throughout a growth ring or in wood of a diffuse-porous species. V asicentric tracheids offer a subsidiary conducting system which can supply stems and leaves when the vessels to which vasicentric tracheids are adjacent fail because of air embolisms. True tracheids (present as the sole imperforate tracheary element type in the woods in which they occur) have much …


Vegetative Anatomy And Familial Placement Of Tovaria, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1985

Vegetative Anatomy And Familial Placement Of Tovaria, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Leaf, stem, node, and wood anatomy are examined for Tovaria pendula collections from Peru. Features claimed to separate Tovaria from Capparaceae have hitherto included exstipulate nodes and paracytic stomata. However, the presence of stipules and of anomocytic stomata is demonstrated, together with occurrence of probable myrosin cells in leaves and stems. The nodal type is one reported from Capparaceae. This leaves features of gynoecium and fruit, chiefly, as means of distinguishing Tovaria from Capparaceae: ovary nonstipitate, 6-8 loculate, with axile placentation; fruit a berry; ovules with two nucellus layers; endosperm well developed. These features are considered insufficient to maintain recognition …


A Novel New Species Of Syncephalis, Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1985

A Novel New Species Of Syncephalis, Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Syncephalis hypogena, a new species isolated from soil collected in southern California is described from cultures on Mortierella bisporalis. Salient features of its vegetative development and reproduction, both sexual and asexual, are illustrated with photographs and line drawings. The species is distinguished from all other members of the genus in typically producing merosporangia from the lower rather than the upper hemisphere of the terminal ampulla of the sporangiophore.


Morphology And Relationships Of A New Species Of Microsomyces (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois, Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1985

Morphology And Relationships Of A New Species Of Microsomyces (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois, Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Microsomyces telephani, a new species of Laboulbeniaceae, is described from collections found on Telephanus velox (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) from Illinois. Features of development and maturity of the new species are illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Microsomyces telephani differs from the type and previously only known species of the genus, M. psammoechi, in its larger, more highly corticated receptacle, which bears secondary appendages, and in its larger primary appendage, which typically bears several antheridial phialides. Among known genera of Laboulbeniales, Microsomyces is thought to be most closely related to Cucujomyces.


Wood Anatomy Of Some Gentianaceae, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1984

Wood Anatomy Of Some Gentianaceae, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Synandromyces Telephani (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois And Development Of Its Trichogyne, Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1984

Synandromyces Telephani (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) From Illinois And Development Of Its Trichogyne, Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Synandromyces telephani, originally described from Argentina and subsequently recorded (immature specimens only) from Guatemala, Jamaica, and Trinidad, is reported from Illinois, U.S.A. Characteristics of the genus Synandromyces are reviewed and compared with those of two nearly related genera, Acompsomyces and Stemmatomyces. A key to the nine known species of Synandromyces is presented. Development of the relatively gigantic, determinate, two-celled trichogyne of S. telephani is described and illustrated from the Illinois collections. Trichogyne morphology and other thallus characteristics are discussed in relation to their possible significance in assessing relationships among Acompsomyces, Stemmatomyces, Synandromyces, and other genera of Laboulbeniales.


Wood Anatomy Of Polemoniaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart, David C. Michener Jan 1984

Wood Anatomy Of Polemoniaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart, David C. Michener

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Wood Anatomy Of Loasaceae With Relation To Systematics, Habit, And Ecology, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1984

Wood Anatomy Of Loasaceae With Relation To Systematics, Habit, And Ecology, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Ellagitannins As Ultraviolet-Absorbing Floral Pigments In Crossosoma Californicum, Ron Scogin Jan 1984

Ellagitannins As Ultraviolet-Absorbing Floral Pigments In Crossosoma Californicum, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Southern Oak Woodlands Of The Santa Rosa Plateau, Riverside County, California, Earl W. Lathrop, Henry A. Zuill Jan 1984

Southern Oak Woodlands Of The Santa Rosa Plateau, Riverside County, California, Earl W. Lathrop, Henry A. Zuill

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Redescription And Distribution Of Muilla Coronata (Liliaceae), James R. Shevock Jan 1984

Redescription And Distribution Of Muilla Coronata (Liliaceae), James R. Shevock

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Vessel Grouping In Dicotyledon Wood, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1984

Vessel Grouping In Dicotyledon Wood, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A hitherto unappreciated correlation exists between nature of vessel grouping and nature of imperforate tracheary elements in wood of dicotyledons at large: families and genera with true tracheids (large fully bordered pits common on both radial and tangential walls) have solitary vessels. Presence of true tracheids as a subsidiary conductive system is hypothesized to render vessel grouping a superfluous adaptation. Vessel grouping does occur to various degrees in taxa with fiber-tracheids or libriform fibers; the degree of grouping is related to likelihood or seriousness of vessel failure by air embolisms because of either drought or frost. Grouping of vessels is …


Wood Anatomy Of Hydrophyllaceae. Ii. Genera Other Than Eriodictyon, With Comments On Parenchyma Bands Containing Vessels With Large Pits, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart Jan 1984

Wood Anatomy Of Hydrophyllaceae. Ii. Genera Other Than Eriodictyon, With Comments On Parenchyma Bands Containing Vessels With Large Pits, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Floral Pigments And Nectar Constituents In The Genus Puya (Bromeliaceae), Ron Scogin, C. Edward Freeman Jan 1984

Floral Pigments And Nectar Constituents In The Genus Puya (Bromeliaceae), Ron Scogin, C. Edward Freeman

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Caliifornian Scrophulariaceae. I. Antirrhinum, Castilleja, Galvezia, And Mimulus Sect. Diplacus, David C. Michener Jan 1983

Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Caliifornian Scrophulariaceae. I. Antirrhinum, Castilleja, Galvezia, And Mimulus Sect. Diplacus, David C. Michener

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Comparative Morphology Of Idiomyces And Its Possible Allies Diplomyces, Sandersoniomyces, Symplectromyces, And Tetratomyces (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1983

Comparative Morphology Of Idiomyces And Its Possible Allies Diplomyces, Sandersoniomyces, Symplectromyces, And Tetratomyces (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Pertinent stages of development of the receptacle, primary and secondary appendages, and perithecium of Idiomyces peyritschii are described and illustrated and comparison is made between this species and the type species of Diplomyces, Sandersoniomyces, Symplectromyces, and Teratomyces for which early stages of receptacular and appendage development also are described and illustrated. Possible close relationship of these genera with one another is examined in the light not only of morphological similarities and differences but also of host range. It is concluded that Diplomyces, Sandersoniomyces, Symplectromyces, and Teratomyces do indeed constitute a closely allied group of genera. However, the gap between this …


Observations On The Vegetative Anatomy Of Crepidiastrum And Dendrocacalia (Asteraceae), Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1983

Observations On The Vegetative Anatomy Of Crepidiastrum And Dendrocacalia (Asteraceae), Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Wood Anatomy Of Hydrophyllaceae. I. Eriodictyon, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart, David C. Michener Jan 1983

Wood Anatomy Of Hydrophyllaceae. I. Eriodictyon, Sherwin Carlquist, Vincent M. Eckhart, David C. Michener

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


A Flora Of The Vernal Pools On The Santa Rosa Plateau, Riverside County, California, Earl W. Lathrop, Robert F. Thorne Jan 1983

A Flora Of The Vernal Pools On The Santa Rosa Plateau, Riverside County, California, Earl W. Lathrop, Robert F. Thorne

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Wood Anatomy Of Calyceraceae And Valerianaceae, With Comments On Aberrant Perforation Plates In Predominantly Herbaceous Groups Of Dicotyledons, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1983

Wood Anatomy Of Calyceraceae And Valerianaceae, With Comments On Aberrant Perforation Plates In Predominantly Herbaceous Groups Of Dicotyledons, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Wood Anatomy Of Calycanthaceae, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1983

Wood Anatomy Of Calycanthaceae, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Natural Variation And Regulation Of Floral Ultraviolet Absorption In Coreopsis And Bidens, Ron Scogin Jan 1983

Natural Variation And Regulation Of Floral Ultraviolet Absorption In Coreopsis And Bidens, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.