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Articles 391 - 420 of 709

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae): Seed Coat Morphology Of Lemmonia Californica Ajd Nama Species Allies With Nama Demissum, John D. Bacon Jan 1987

Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae): Seed Coat Morphology Of Lemmonia Californica Ajd Nama Species Allies With Nama Demissum, John D. Bacon

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Seed coat morphology of Lemmonia californica. long held to be a relative of Nama, was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Its seed coat exhibits reticulum cells with undulate cell walls and columnar radial wall thickenings. Seed coat structure in nine species of Nama, N. demissum, N. aretioides, N. densum, N. parviflorumm, N. pusillum, N. depressum, N. dichotomum, N. sericeum and N. origanifolium, members forming one of six seed groups in Nama, also exhibit reticulum cells with undulate walls and columnar wall thickenings. The Nama species and Lemmonia are remarkably similar in testa organization, suggesting that the relationship …


A New Species Of Carex (Cyperaceae) From Western South America And A New Combination In The Genus, Gerald A. Wheeler Jan 1987

A New Species Of Carex (Cyperaceae) From Western South America And A New Combination In The Genus, Gerald A. Wheeler

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A new species of Carex (Cyperaceae) is described from western South America. Carex pleioneura (sect. Foetidae) occurs in central Chile and west-central Argentina, where it grows on rocky slopes, among rocks bordering streams, and in mountain meadows (vegas). A new combination in South American Carex. C. longii var. meridionalis (sect. Ovales), is also made here.


Astralagus Ertterae (Fabaceae), A New Species From The Southern Sierra Nevada, Rupert C. Barneby, James R. Shevock Jan 1987

Astralagus Ertterae (Fabaceae), A New Species From The Southern Sierra Nevada, Rupert C. Barneby, James R. Shevock

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Astragalus ertterae, a new species from pinyon pine woodlands, southern Sierra Nevada, Kern County, California, is described and illustrated. This remarkable new species is morphologically closest to A. bicristatus in sect. Bicristati but differs in its dwarf stature, pilose indumentum, short peduncles, somewhat smaller flowers, and especially in a pod only half as long and proportionately twice as plump.


More New Astragali From Turkey, Kit Tan, F. Sorger Jan 1987

More New Astragali From Turkey, Kit Tan, F. Sorger

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Nine new species of Astragalus representing four sections of the genus are described from central, south and east Anatolia and illustrated.


Brongniartia Sousae (Fabaceae: Fabiodeae), A New Species From The Isthmus Of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca Mexico, Oscar Dorado Jan 1987

Brongniartia Sousae (Fabaceae: Fabiodeae), A New Species From The Isthmus Of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca Mexico, Oscar Dorado

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A new species, Brongniarlia sousae, endemic to the region of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Its affinities with B. parvifolia Rose are discussed and habitat data are given.


Nothoscordum Montveidense Sensu Lato: New Polyploid Cototypes From Argentina, Leopoldo Montes, Maria Celia Nuciari, Raúl Horacio Rodríguez Jan 1987

Nothoscordum Montveidense Sensu Lato: New Polyploid Cototypes From Argentina, Leopoldo Montes, Maria Celia Nuciari, Raúl Horacio Rodríguez

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Two natural cytotypes of the Nothoscordum montevidense complex are described for the southeastern region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The cytotypes are 2n = 6x = 24 and 2n = 8x = 32 with metacentric chromosomes (m). Cytological and morphological evidence indicates that these cytotypes belong to N. montevidense ssp. latitepalum, although this subspecies is 2n = 4x = 16m. The probable origin of these cytotypes is discussed.


Chromosome Numbers And Evolution In Anoda And Periptera (Malvaceae), David M. Bates Jan 1987

Chromosome Numbers And Evolution In Anoda And Periptera (Malvaceae), David M. Bates

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Relationships within and between the principally North American, malvaceous genera Anoda and Periptera are assessed through analysis of chromosomal and hybridization data. Chromosome numbers are reported for ten species of Anoda and one of Periptera, and observations on meiosis in hybrid and non hybrid plants are presented. The results indicate: I) that Anoda and Periptera are closely related and occupy a relatively isolated position in the tribe Malveae, 2) that speciation in Anoda has occurred primarily at the diploid level, n = 15 , although A. crenatiflora is tetraploid and A. cristata includes diploids, tetraploids, and hexapJoids, and 3) that …


Pollination Ecology In The Southwest, Beryl B. Simpson, John L. Neff Jan 1987

Pollination Ecology In The Southwest, Beryl B. Simpson, John L. Neff

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Comparisons of the pollination biology of members of a number of genera (Prosopis, Helianthus, Opuntia, and Krameria) widespread in the arid American Southwest are made between sites in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona and the dry oak-juniper grasslands of central Texas. As in the majority of cases studied to date in the dry regions of the Southwest, solitary bees are the dominant pollinators in all of the systems examined. Rich arrays of oligolectic bees are associated with Prosopis, Helianthus, and Opuntia, but none with Krameria which offers oils rather than pollen and nectar …


Diagonal And Tangential Vessel Aggregations In Wood: Function And Relationship To Vasecentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1987

Diagonal And Tangential Vessel Aggregations In Wood: Function And Relationship To Vasecentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The list of families with diagonal ("dendritic" or " flamelike" of other authors) patterns of vessel aggregation is similar to the list of families that have vasicentric tracheids. This paper attempts to deal with apparent exceptions. Because of recent reports of vasicentric tracheids, the families with diagonal vessel aggregations are all also on the list of families with vasicentric tracheids with the exception of four families. Genera of those four families are studied to see if a relationship between vasicentric tracheids and diagonal vessel aggregations does hold. Of the families not on both lists, Leitneriaceae (Leitneria), Melastomataceae ( …


Revision Of The Genus Anoda (Malvaceae), Paul A. Fryxell Jan 1987

Revision Of The Genus Anoda (Malvaceae), Paul A. Fryxell

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A revision of the genus Anoda is presented that recognizes 23 species, of which ten are described as new. The genus includes annual herbs, subshrubs, and occasionally shrubs and occurs from the southern United States to Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Most of this distributional range, however, is accounted for by a single species, A. cristata, which also occurs as an adventive in a few other parts of the world. The genus is principally Mexican, all of the species occurring within that country. Anoda is closely allied to the genus Periptera, also a Mexican genus, and the two genera share …


Wood Anatomy Of Placothira (Loasaceae), Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1987

Wood Anatomy Of Placothira (Loasaceae), Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood anatomy of the single species of Plakothira, a recently discovered genus from the Marquesas Islands, is described qualitatively and quantitatively. Features new for the family include presence of vasicentric scanty axial parenchyma and presence of perforated ray cells. Plakothira has several wood features specialized for Loasaceae: vasicentric axial parenchyma, extremely reduced borders on fibertracheids, and storying in fiber-tracheids. Wood of Plakothira is clearly loasaceous. Storying in fibertracheids is reported here for the loasaceous genera Fuertesia and Mentzelia. Wood anatomy of Plakothira represents paedomorphosis in great length of vessel elements, erectness of ray cells, lack of change in large primary …


New Or Noteworthy Species Of Flowering Plants From The Sierra Madre De Sur Of Guerrero And Michoacán, Mexico, Paul A. Fryxell, Stephen D. Koch Jan 1987

New Or Noteworthy Species Of Flowering Plants From The Sierra Madre De Sur Of Guerrero And Michoacán, Mexico, Paul A. Fryxell, Stephen D. Koch

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The Sierra Madre del Sur of Pacific coastal Mexico has been of limited accessibility and therefore not well explored botanically. Only G. B. Hinton and E. Langlasse have made significant collections from the area. More recent collections by the authors have resulted in the recognition of nine new species, described herein as follows: Acanthaceae—Elytraria rnexieana; Malvaceae—Bastardiastrurn batesii, Gossypiurn schwendirnanii, Hibiscus zygornorphus, Kosteletzkya flavicentrum, Periptera lobelioides, Sida fastuosa, and Sida prolifiea; and Tumeraceae—Piriquetia mexieana. Other species meriting specific comment include Dioseorea insignis (Dioscoreaceae), Anotea flavida (Malvaceae), and Helieteres rekoi …


Pliocene Nothofagus Wood From The Transantarctic Mountains, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1987

Pliocene Nothofagus Wood From The Transantarctic Mountains, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Subfossil wood fragments up to 10 cm long and 2 cm in diameter recovered from a locality thought on the basis of diatom deposits to be upper Pliocene-lower Pleistocene (Oliver Bluffs, Sirius Formation, 85°10'S., between 1800 and 1900 m in the Transantarctic Mountains) were sectioned for identification. Degradation prevented observation of some wood features, but others were well preserved. All of the fragments appear to represent one species. Features of growth rings (ring porous, vessels mostly solitary in earlywood), rays (predominantly uniseriate, both erect and procumbent cells common), vessel perforation plates (simple, at least in earlywood), lateral wall pitting of …


New Species, Combinations, And Notes In Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae), James Henrickson Jan 1987

New Species, Combinations, And Notes In Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae), James Henrickson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Ipomopsis wendtii and Ipomopsis aggregata subsp. carmenensis are described as new from the Sierra del Jardín and Sierra del Carmen in northern Coahuila, Mexico, Ipomopsis pringlei is recognized as specifically distinct from Ipomopsis macombii. Gilia calothrysa is considered synonymous with I. macombii, and Ipomopsis effusa is reported as new to the floras of California and the United States.


Effects Of Mineral Nutrition On Components Of Reproduction In Clarkia Ungucilata, Frank C. Vasek, Vincent Weng, Robert J. Beaver, Charles K. Huszar Jan 1987

Effects Of Mineral Nutrition On Components Of Reproduction In Clarkia Ungucilata, Frank C. Vasek, Vincent Weng, Robert J. Beaver, Charles K. Huszar

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nutritional level and flower location on factors related to flower, pollen, and ovule production, and to determine what developmental patterns would be modified to mediate any observed changes. Plants subjected to high nutrient levels developed larger leaves, more branches, more flowers on both the main stem and the branches, and opened their first flowers 6 days sooner than plants at lower levels of nutrients. Total flower number increased from 72.2 to 626.8 per plant, with most of the increase produced on the primary branches. The number of pollen grains in the …


Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Hemiptera. V. Triceromyces, Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1986

Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Hemiptera. V. Triceromyces, Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Six species of Triceromyces (Laboulbeniales), including the type, T. balazucii (on Hebridae), parasitic on semiaquatic Hemiptera, were studied at the light-microscopic level. Descriptions are provided for all of the taxa, and features of developmental morphology are described, compared, and illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Four species are described as new: T. hebri (on Hebridae), T. hydrometrae (on Hydrometridae), and T. biformis and T. bullatus (on Mesoveliidae). The species growing on Hebridae and Hydrometridae are monoecious. The two species on Mesoveliidae develop monoecious and dioecious morphs, which occur together on the same host individual. This phenomenon is recognized and described …


Wood Anatomy Of Stilbaceae And Retziaceae: Ecological And Systematic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1986

Wood Anatomy Of Stilbaceae And Retziaceae: Ecological And Systematic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood anatomy of ten species in five genera of the Cape Province (South Africa) family Stilbaceae is reported in quantitative and qualitative terms. Wood anatomy for stem, root, and lignotuber is reported for the monotypic Cape genus Retzia. Stilbaceae and Retziaceae are alike in wood anatomy but differ from Verbenaceae by having scalariform perforation plates with few and wide-bordered bars (simple plates and modified scalariform plates are also present); vessel elements clearly fibriform in shape; very scarce axial parenchyma; and long uniseriate wings on multiseriate rays. When added to endosperm presence and ericoid habit, these features may serve to segregate …


The Distribution And Phytogeographic Relationships Of The Woody Plants Of The Soviet Far East, Thomas S. Elias Jan 1986

The Distribution And Phytogeographic Relationships Of The Woody Plants Of The Soviet Far East, Thomas S. Elias

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The woody flora of the Soviet Far East is rich and diverse when compared to dendrofloras at similar latitudes of the world. The bulk of this region lies north of latitude 46 degrees. This area includes the northernmost stations in eastern Asia for many genera, e.g., Abelia, Acer, Aralia, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Hydrangea, Ilex, Juglans, Magnolia, Morus, Quercus, Phellodendron, Sasa, Schizophragrna, Schisandra, Skimmia, Syringa, Tilia, and Ulmus. The majority of the woody species native to the Soviet Far East do not occur elsewhere in the U.S.S.R. Many of the trees and shrubs are native to Japan, Korea, or China and …


On The Submersion Of Dicraurus Into Iresine (Amaranthaceae), James Henrickson, Scott Sundberg Jan 1986

On The Submersion Of Dicraurus Into Iresine (Amaranthaceae), James Henrickson, Scott Sundberg

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The two species of Dicraurus Hook. f. (Amaranthaceae) are shown to be more closely related to different species in Iresine L. than they are to one another. In addition, characters used to distinguish Dicraurus are more widespread within Iresine than was formerly thought, necessitating the merger of Dicraurus into Iresine. The two species as placed in Iresine are I. alternifolia S. Wats. and I. leptociada (Hook. f.) Henrickson & Sundberg. Complete descriptions and distribution maps of the two species are included.


Reproductive Phytochemistry Of Bombacaceae, Ron Scogin Jan 1986

Reproductive Phytochemistry Of Bombacaceae, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Floral anthocyanins among Bombacaceae exhibit minimal variation and consist of three commonly occurring cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside occurs uniquely in the genus Pachira among taxa surveyed. Nectars are characterized by copious volumes and being somewhat dilute and hexose rich with respect to sugars. No evidence is detectable among Bombacaceae for a nonfiying-mammal floral chemistry syndrome which is distinguishable from a bat-visitation syndrome.


Floral Pigments Of The Yellow Camellia, Camellia Chrysantha (Theaceae), Ron Scogin Jan 1986

Floral Pigments Of The Yellow Camellia, Camellia Chrysantha (Theaceae), Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Floral pigments of Camellia chrysantha consist of three flavonoids (quercimeritrin, rutin, and isoquercitrin) and two xanthophylls (neoxanthin and an unidentified xanthophyll). The transfer of yellow petal coloration from C. chrysantha to other Camellia species may be hampered by interspecific genetic incompatibilities and by the complexities of genetic regulation of biosynthesis of the pigments involved.


Wood Anatomy Of Cassiope (Ericaceae), Gary D. Wallace Jan 1986

Wood Anatomy Of Cassiope (Ericaceae), Gary D. Wallace

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood anatomical characteristics for 21 taxa of Cassiope are reported. Qualitative features differ somewhat from the general pattern of the Ericaceae. However, considerable deviation is found in the quantitative aspects of the wood features. The stems are very slender with narrow growth rings evident in all but one species. Vessel elements are very small and usually have scalariform perforation plates with several bars. Vessels are extremely abundant in transection. Vascular rays are mostly uniseriate with a few biseriates and all are composed exclusively of erect cells. The imperforate elements are tracheids which are the only conductive elements in the late …


Wood Anatomy Of Gesneriaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman Jan 1986

Wood Anatomy Of Gesneriaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for woods of 37 species representing 11 genera; most species included represent a maximal degree of woodiness for the family, and herbaceous groups are mostly omitted. Growth rings are absent or nearly so. Vessel elements have simple perforation plates (except for Kohleria elegans) and alternate circular or oval pits of various sizes on vessel-vessel walls (often laterally elongate, often with gaping apertures, on vessel-parenchyma and vessel-septate fiber interfaces). Grooves interconnect pit apertures in vessels of four genera. Vessels are grouped, usually in radial chains, to a moderate extent. Tyloses are present. Imperforate tracheary …


Wood Anatomy Of Myoporaceae: Ecological And Systematic Considerations, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman Jan 1986

Wood Anatomy Of Myoporaceae: Ecological And Systematic Considerations, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative features are presented for 28 collections of three genera (Bontia, Eremophila, Myoporum); data on Oftia are also included since it is sometimes referred to Myoporaceae. Wood of all Myoporaceae represents variation on a basic plan: woods diffuse porous or semi-ringporous; vessels with simple perforation plates; lateral wall pits of vessels alternate and circular, with grooves interconnecting some pit apertures; vessels grouped to various degrees into radial multiples; imperforate tracheary elements all fiber-tracheids with pit cavities 1-5 μm in diameter (wider on contacts with ray cells), nonseptate; axial parenchyma vasicentric scanty plus, in some …


Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Californian Scrophulariaceae. Ii. Penstemon Subgenus Saccanthera, David C. Michener Jan 1986

Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Californian Scrophulariaceae. Ii. Penstemon Subgenus Saccanthera, David C. Michener

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood anatomy of nonarboreal Scrophulariaceae is little studied, yet such information is needed to understand the evolution of woodiness in the family and order. Description and quantification of wood characters of six species (nine taxa) of Penstemon subgenus Saccanthera show that these woods are specialized. Paedomorphic features include the standard declining-to-level curve of vessel element length by age, and (in several samples) a pronounced tendency to raylessness. Variation in ray characteristics is as great within as between species, suggesting that unsampled populational variation in ray characteristics may be present. Cells intermediate between fibers and nonseptate parenchyma are present and complement …


Nomenclature Note, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1985

Nomenclature Note, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.


Wood Anatomy And Familial Status Of Viviania, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 1985

Wood Anatomy And Familial Status Of Viviania, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood of three species of Viviania from Chile was studied. The wood has growth rings, moderately grouped vessels, helical sculpture in vessels, fiber-tracheids with small pits, and various degrees of storying. Axial parenchyma and rays are absent, regardless of age of stem. These facts are in accord with close relationship to other genera of Geraniaceae sl. Viviania differs from other Geraniaceae in presence of borders on imperforate tracheary elements and presence of endosperm; other differences (polyporate pollen; loculicidal capsules) are shared with some other genera which have familial status according to some authors, subfamilial status according to others. Viviania is …


Trends In Pollination Biology, Herbert G. Baker Jan 1985

Trends In Pollination Biology, Herbert G. Baker

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

An effusion of books and articles on pollination biology has appeared recently, showing a renewed interest in this area of reproductive biology that has strong significance for the continuous evolution of seed plants. Consequently, a comprehensive review is not possible in this paper; topics have been selected and a restricted number of examples given. New findings in "classical" pollination scenarios are reported, while newer topics include the chemistry of nectar in relation to phylogeny and pollinator types. The formation of "pollination ecotypes" within species is considered but the obstructive influence of "phylogenetic constraint" on close adaptation between flower and pollinator …


Morphology And Anatomy Of Foliar Nectaries And Associated Leaves In Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae), Thomas S. Elias, Sun An-Ci Jan 1985

Morphology And Anatomy Of Foliar Nectaries And Associated Leaves In Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae), Thomas S. Elias, Sun An-Ci

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The morphology and anatomy of the foliar nectaries and associated leaves offour species of Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) were studied. Light microscopic observations of paraffin- and plastic-embedded specimens were complemented with scanning electron micrographs. Leaf anatomy of the four species is typical of large mesophytic plants. Aattened foliar nectaries are shown to be composed of specialized epidermal cells. The nonvascularized nectaries consist of narrow columnar cells each with a large nucleus, numerous vacuoles, and dense cytoplasm. Subglandular parenchyma cells have more pronounced nuclei, more vacuoles and denser cytoplasm than do typical laminar parenchyma. Structurally, these nectaries are similar to those found in …


Taxonomy Of The Allium Tribracteatum (Alliaceae) Complex, William R. Mortola, Dale W. Mcneal Jan 1985

Taxonomy Of The Allium Tribracteatum (Alliaceae) Complex, William R. Mortola, Dale W. Mcneal

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Allium tribracteatum and related species present a confusing array in California. Previous attempts at classification have been largely unsuccessful and keys that are available are unworkable. Herbarium and field studies were initiated to ascertain if previously overlooked characteristics could be found that would elucidate relationships within the group. Members of the complex were examined morphologically and cytologically. Based on these investigations four of the seven previously described taxa are considered valid: A. cratericola, A. obtusum, A. tribracteatum, and A. yosemitense. Allium tribracteatum is redefined and A. obtusum is divided into two varieties. Allium obtusum var. conspicuum …