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Articles 301 - 330 of 709
Full-Text Articles in Botany
Integrating Cellular And Molecular Approchaes Into Studies Of Development And Evolution: The Issue Of Morphological Homology, Andrés Collazo, Scott E. Fraser
Integrating Cellular And Molecular Approchaes Into Studies Of Development And Evolution: The Issue Of Morphological Homology, Andrés Collazo, Scott E. Fraser
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Understanding the development and evolution of complex morphological characters requires broad, multidisciplinary approaches. By combining biological imaging, phylogenetic analyses, embryological manipulations and additional modem molecular techniques (e.g., whole mount in situ hybridization), we can address fundamental questions, such as the determination of homology. Many of the novel structures that evolved in vertebrates and distinguish them from their ancestors (such as jaws and the mechanosensory lateral line) are derived embryonically from two migratory ectodermal tissues, neural crest and/or various epidermal placodes. In particular, time-lapse cinematography of fluorescently labeled cells in living Xenopus and fish embryos has proved a powerful technique, revealing …
A New Combination In The Cactaceae Of Baja California, Mexico, Lee W. Lenz
A New Combination In The Cactaceae Of Baja California, Mexico, Lee W. Lenz
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Plants Of The Tres Marias Islands, Nayarit, Mexico, Lee W. Lenz
Plants Of The Tres Marias Islands, Nayarit, Mexico, Lee W. Lenz
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Trichomes Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae) That Produce Insect-Active Compunds, Bradley F. Binder
Trichomes Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae) That Produce Insect-Active Compunds, Bradley F. Binder
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Nama hispidum, N. lobbii, N. rothrockii, and N. xylopodum have two basic types of trichomes on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces: glandular and nonglandular. Nama hispidum and N. xylopodum have (1) short semierect or intermediate-length acicular trichomes that often recurve toward the leaf surface and (2) short-stalked capitate glands. The larger acicular trichomes have micropapillae. Nama lobbii has long filiform trichomes and sessile capitate glands. Nama rothrockii has erect, smooth subulate trichomes and long-stalked capitate glands. Morphological diversity of trichomes in Nama and their possible functional significance as a predator defense are discussed.
Wood And Bark Anatomy Of Ranunculaceae (Including Hydrastis) And Glaucidiaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood And Bark Anatomy Of Ranunculaceae (Including Hydrastis) And Glaucidiaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomy of 14 species of Clematis and one species each of Delphinium, Helleborus, Thalictrum, and Xanthorhiza (Ranunculaceae) is compared to that of Glaucidium palma tum (Glaucidiaceae) and Hydrastis canadensis (Ranunculaceae, or Hydrastidaceae of some authors). Clematis wood has features typical of wood of vines and lianas: wide (earlywood) vessels, abundant axial parenchyma (earlywood, some species), high vessel density, low proportion of fibrous tissue in wood, wide rays composed of thin-walled cells, and abrupt origin of multiseriate rays. Superimposed on these features are expressions indicative of xeromorphy in the species of cold or dry areas: numerous narrow latewood vessels, presence …
Wood Anatomy Of Berberidaceae: Ecological And Phylogenetic Considerations, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Berberidaceae: Ecological And Phylogenetic Considerations, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for 21 collections of Berberis and one each of Epimedium, Jeffersonia, and Nandina. Most species of Berberis have large numbers of narrow vessels ~ixed with vasicentric tracheids. Scalariform perforation plates are reported here only for Epimedium, m wh1ch they are occasional. Berberidaceae have living fibers (Berberis), fiber-tracheids plus living fibers (Nandina), or tracheids (Jeffersonia) as imperforate tracheary elements. Axial parenchyma is reported here for Jeffersonia and one species of Berberis. Previous reports of axial parenchyma in Berberis and Nandina likely refer to undivided living fibers, mostly intermixed with vessels, which are slightly shorter and …
Vascular Flora Of The San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Area, Cleveland National Forest, California, Steve Boyd, Timothy S. Ross, Orlando Mistreta, David Bramlet
Vascular Flora Of The San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Area, Cleveland National Forest, California, Steve Boyd, Timothy S. Ross, Orlando Mistreta, David Bramlet
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The Santa Ana Mountains, as a whole, have been well-studied floristically. Little work, however, has been conducted previously in the southwestern portion of the range which includes the San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Area of the Cleveland National Forest. This study reports the results of our floristic surveys conducted in the wilderness over a three-year period, from December 1991 through October 1994. The study area, encompassing the headwaters of the San Mateo Canyon watershed, is topographically and geologically diverse. Vegetation is characterized by a complex assemblage of chaparral and coastal sage scrub, oak woodland, native and nonnative grasslands, and riparian woodland …
New Fungi From Dasylirion (Agavaceae), Annette W. Ramaley
New Fungi From Dasylirion (Agavaceae), Annette W. Ramaley
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Dead leaves of Dasylirion were collected in Texas in Guadalupe Mountains National Park and Big Bend National Park, and in the Valley of Fires, New Mexico. The fungi present were identified and grown in culture to identify teleomorph-anamorph connections. Four new ascomycete species are described—Graphyllium dasylirionis, Splanchnonema dasylirionis, Chaetoplea dasylirionis, and Chaetoplea sotolifoliorum. In addition, a new genus, Parahendersonia, is described to accommodate the coelomycete anamorph of Chaetoplea dasylirionis.
Additions To The Vascular Flora Of The Santa Ana Mountains, California, Steve Boyd, Timothy S. Ross, Fred M. Roberts Jr.
Additions To The Vascular Flora Of The Santa Ana Mountains, California, Steve Boyd, Timothy S. Ross, Fred M. Roberts Jr.
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The Santa Ana Mountains, part of the Peninsular Ranges of southern California, have been welldocumented floristically. Nevertheless, since publication of a preliminary vascular flora for the range in 1978, a significant number of additions have been reported. These are principally from studies of two subregions in the southern portion of the range and include 42 taxa from the Santa Rosa Plateau and 88 taxa from the San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Area. Documentation is provided here for an additional 66 taxa not included in other published floristic accounts of the Santa Ana Mountains. A voucher specimen and generalized distribution information are …
Wood Anatomy Of Caryophyllaceae: Ecological, Habital, Systematic, And Phylogenetic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Caryophyllaceae: Ecological, Habital, Systematic, And Phylogenetic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood of Caryophyllaceae is more diverse than has been appreciated. Imperforate tracheary elements may be tracheids, fiber-tracheids, or libriform fibers. Rays may be uniseriate only, multiseriate only, or absent. Roots of some species (and sterns of a few of those same genera) have vascular tissue produced by successive cambia. The diversity in wood anatomy character states shows a range from primitive to specialized so great that origin close to one of the more specialized families of Chenopodiales, such as Chenopodiaceae or Amaranthaceae, is unlikely. Caryophyllaceae probably branched from the ordinal clade near the clade's base, as cladistic evidence suggests. Raylessness …
A New Species Of Hechita (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnoideae) From The Cape Region, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Lee W. Lenz
A New Species Of Hechita (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnoideae) From The Cape Region, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Lee W. Lenz
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Hechtia gayii is described and illustrated and its relationship to other members of the genus is discussed.
Corylophomyces, A New Dioecious Genus Of Laboulbeniales On Corylophidae (Coleoptera), Richard K. Benjamin
Corylophomyces, A New Dioecious Genus Of Laboulbeniales On Corylophidae (Coleoptera), Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A new dioecious genus of Laboulbeniaceae (Laboulbeniales), Corylophomyces, was established to accommodate five species parasitizing Corylophidae (Coleoptera; Cucujoidea): C. peyerimhoffii (≡Cryptandromyces peyerimhoffit); C. sericoderi (≡Autophagomyces sericoderi); C. sarawakensis (≡A. sarawakensis); and two new species, C. reflexus and C. weirii. A key to the taxa was given and all were illustrated with line drawings. Corylophomyces was placed in Amorphomycetinae sensu Tavares. The other genera included in this subtribe by Tavares in 1985, i.e., Amorphomyces, Dioicomyces, Nanomyces, Rhizopodomyces, and Tetrandromyces, were compared with one another and with the new genus.
Four New Species Of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) From Northern South America, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetchebeur
Four New Species Of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) From Northern South America, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetchebeur
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Four new species of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) are described from northern South America. Three of them, U. lacustris, U. paludosa, and U. tenuifolia, belong in sect. Platyandrae; the fourth, U. subsacculata, belongs in sect. Uncinia. Three of the new species are known only from Ecuador, whereas U. paludosa has also been collected in Colombia.
Wood Anatomy And Relationships Of Santalaceae I. Acanthosyris, Jodina, And Myoschilos, Carlos Alejandro Norverto
Wood Anatomy And Relationships Of Santalaceae I. Acanthosyris, Jodina, And Myoschilos, Carlos Alejandro Norverto
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Study of the wood of Acanthosyris, Jodina, and Myoschilos confirmed a close relationship between Santalaceae and Olacaceae. Features important for defining the three genera and for determining relationships between them and with Schoepfia, which belongs to Olacaceae, are reported for the first time: vestured vessel walls, unilaterally compound pits, perforated ray cells, and druses.
Wood Anatomy Of Sabiaceae (S.L.), Sherwin Carlquist, Peter L. Morrell, Steven R. Manchester
Wood Anatomy Of Sabiaceae (S.L.), Sherwin Carlquist, Peter L. Morrell, Steven R. Manchester
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Quantitative and qualitative data were offered for 30 taxa of Meliosma and one species each of Ophiocaryon and Sabia; qualitative data were available for additional species of Meliosma and Sabia. For a small family restricted to mesic sites, Sabiaceae had a wide range of wood anatomical expressions (e.g., long scalariform to simple perforation plates; heterocellular to homocellular multiseriate rays; tracheids, fiber-tracheids, or libriform fibers as imperforate tracheary elements; presence or absence of silica bodies and calcium oxalate crystals in rays). Growth ring type, vessel diameter, vessel density, and vessel element length were sensitively related to ecology, but to …
A Review Of The Classification Of The Genus Hydrastis (Ranunculaceae), Carl S. Keener
A Review Of The Classification Of The Genus Hydrastis (Ranunculaceae), Carl S. Keener
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The genus Hydrastis has been variously classified as a monotypic taxon in the Ranunculaceae, the Berberidaceae, the Glaucidiaceae, or its own monogeneric family, the Hydrastidaceae. The objectives of this paper were 1) to review the previous classifications of Hydrastis and 2) to critique a recent paper by Tobe and Keating reevaluating the classification of the genus based on comparative morphological and anatomical studies. One conclusion of this review was that Tobe and Keating overlooked certain important papers which might have substantially altered their conclusions, viz., that Hydrastis is sufficiently distinct from the other genera of the Ranunculaceae to warrant a …
Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vi. The Genus Tavaresiella, Richard K. Benjamin
Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vi. The Genus Tavaresiella, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Majewski's original circumscriptions of Tavaresiella (Laboulbeniales; Laboulbeniaceae; Stigmatomycetinae) and its type species, T. hebri, were emended in this study of the genus. In addition, three new species were described, T. majewskii, T. polhemi, and T. santamariae. These, like the type species, occurred on true bugs of the family Hebridae (Heteroptera). A key to the species was provided, and ali were described and illustrated with line drawings and photographs. Aspects of ascomatic structure and development were summarized, and the genus was compared with other genera of the subtribe having similar characteristics.
A Phytochemical Study Of Selected Podostemaceae, Virginia Romo Contreras, Ron Scogin, C. Thomas Philbrick, Alejandro Novelo R.
A Phytochemical Study Of Selected Podostemaceae, Virginia Romo Contreras, Ron Scogin, C. Thomas Philbrick, Alejandro Novelo R.
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Podostemum ceratophyllum contains γ-mangostin and its 6-glucoside. The aglycone is also present in Marathrum, Oserya, and Vanroyenella, but is absent from Tristicha. Anthocyanins were identified from all genera, but no additional fiavonoids were detected. Condensed and hydrolyzable tannins, iridoids, cyanogenic glycosides, and alkaloids were lacking in all Podostemaceae examined. Phytochemical constituents do not clarify the uncertain systematic affinity ofPodostemaceae, but emphasize the generally accepted taxonomic isolation of this family.
Nonglandular Trichomes Of Californian And Hawaiian Tarweeds, Andrew A. Maclachlan, Sherwin Carlquist
Nonglandular Trichomes Of Californian And Hawaiian Tarweeds, Andrew A. Maclachlan, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the diversity in nonglandular trichome morphology of tarweeds at the ultrastructural level, and to propose categories for the morphologies reported for such trichomes. Using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the authors surveyed 31 species of II genera of tarweeds from California and three genera of tarweeds from Hawaii. Trichome cell wall thickness in the Californian species ranged from 1 to 6 ~μm, whereas in the Hawaiian species trichome cell wall thickness ranged from 1 to 14 ~μm. Based on their surface appearance using SEM, trichomes were grouped into four categories: grooved; …
Wood Anatomy Of Lamiaceae. A Survey, With Comments On Vascular And Vasicentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Lamiaceae. A Survey, With Comments On Vascular And Vasicentric Tracheids, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 44 collections representing 42 species in 27 genera. Lamiaceae basically have: vessels with simple perforation plates; vessel-to-vessel pitting alternate; imperforate tracheary elements all libriform fibers, fibers commonly septate; axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric; rays Heterogeneous Type IIB. These features ally Lamiaceae closely with Verbenaceae. In addition to the Mesomorphy ratio (based on vessel element dimensions), features that indicate wood xeromorphy in Lamiaceae, in probable increasing order of importance are: presence of indistinct to marked growth rings; presence of helical thickenings in vessels; presence of vasicentric or vascular tracheids; presence of vessel groups averaging three …
Cupulomyces, A New Genus Of Laboulbeniales (Asomycetes) Based On Stigmatomyces Lasiochili, Richard K. Benjamin
Cupulomyces, A New Genus Of Laboulbeniales (Asomycetes) Based On Stigmatomyces Lasiochili, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A new genus of Laboulbeniales, Cupulomyces, is described. Its type species, C. lasiochili, is based on Stigmatomyces lasiochili, originally described by Roland Thaxter in I 917. This taxon subsequently has been classified in two other genera, Hesperomyces and Acompsomyces. Structure and development of the thallus of C. lasiochili are described and illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Distinctive features of the receptacle, appendage, and perithecium warrant recognition of a new genus.
An Updated Phylogenetic Classification Of The Flowering Plants, Robert F. Thorne
An Updated Phylogenetic Classification Of The Flowering Plants, Robert F. Thorne
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
This update of my classification of the flowering plants, or Angiospermae, is based upon about 800 pertinent books, monographs, and other botanical papers published since my last synopsis appeared in the Nordic Journal of Science in 1983. Also I have narrowed my family- and ordinal-gap concepts to bring acceptance of family and ordinal limits more in line with those of current taxonomists. This new information and the shift in my phylogenetic philosophy have caused significant changes in my interpretation of relationships and numbers and content of taxa. Also the ending "-anae" has been accepted for superorders in place in the …
Plant Species Disjunctions, Daniel J. Crawford, Nam Sook Lee, Tod F. Stuessy
Plant Species Disjunctions, Daniel J. Crawford, Nam Sook Lee, Tod F. Stuessy
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The use of molecular data in the study of plant species disjunctions is reviewed and evaluated. The major reason for employing molecular information is to estimate genetic divergence between morphologically similar disjunct species. Flavonoid chemistry offers few advantages over morphology because it is difficult, if not impossible, to infer genetic divergence from the arrays of flavonoid compounds sequestered by two species. Also, flavonoids can, like morphological characters, undergo stasis. Rather direct evidence for this comes from the fact that extant and fossil species may have identical or nearly identical flavonoids. Enzyme electrophoresis is useful for estimating divergence between disjunct species …
A Revision Of The Allium Fimbriatum (Alliaceae) Complex, Dale W. Mcneal
A Revision Of The Allium Fimbriatum (Alliaceae) Complex, Dale W. Mcneal
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Allium fimbriatum in California and northern Baja California causes frequent difficulty in identification. The species, as defined by Ownbey, comprises nine varieties and is characterized by great morphologic diversity. No single character or suite of characters separates this species from others in the A. sanbornii alliance. This investigation was undertaken to survey the large number of herbarium specimens that have accumulated since Ownbey's study and to observe all of the taxa in the field or garden, something not accomplished by Ownbey. Orientation of the perianth segments, visible only in living material, along with shape and presence or absence of denticulation, …
Phytochemical Profile Of Hydrostachys Insignis (Hydrostachyaceae), Ron Scogin
Phytochemical Profile Of Hydrostachys Insignis (Hydrostachyaceae), Ron Scogin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Foliar material of Hydrostachys insignis contains kaempferol 3-glucoside and kaempferol 3-sophoroside. Iridoids, proanthocyanidins, acteoside, alkaloids, hydrolyzable tannins (ellagic acid), cyanogenic glycosides, and saponins could not be detected. This chemical profile does not support proposed relationships between Hydrostachyaceae and either Podostemaceae or members of the Scrophulariales. It is proposed that the chemical profile of Hydrostachyaceae reflects phylogeny, not convergence to an aquatic habitat; but the profile does not suggest any accurate systematic alignment of Hydrostachyaceae.
Wood Anatomy Of Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae) And The Tracheid-Vessel Element Transition, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae) And The Tracheid-Vessel Element Transition, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for 22 collections of 14 species of Hedyosmum. Wood of the genus is primitive in its notably long scalariform perforation plates; scalariform lateral wall pitting of vessel elements; and the low ratio of length between imperforate tracheary elements and vessel elements. Pit membrane remnants are characteristically present to various degrees in perforations of vessel elements; this is considered a primitive feature that is related to other primitive vessel features. Specialized features of Hedyosmum wood include septate fiber-tracheids with much reduced borders on pits; vasicentric axial parenchyma; and absence of uniseriate rays (in wood …
Endemism In The Vascular Flora Of The Juan Fernandez Islands, Tod F. Stuessy, Clodomiro Marticorena, Roberto Rodriguez R., Daniel J. Crawford, Mario Silva O.
Endemism In The Vascular Flora Of The Juan Fernandez Islands, Tod F. Stuessy, Clodomiro Marticorena, Roberto Rodriguez R., Daniel J. Crawford, Mario Silva O.
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The Juan Fernandez archipelago contains 361 vascular plant species including 53 ferns, 65 monocots, and 243 dicots. Represented are 73 families and 219 genera. There is one endemic family (Lactoridaceae), 12 endemic genera, and 126 endemic species. The native vascular flora has II% endemism at the generic level and 60% at the specific level. Among the endemic species, 23 are ferns, 15 are monocots, and 88 are dicots. Of the endemic dicots, 29 species are Compositae, making up 33% of the endemic dicot flora. Most (97%) of the endemic angiosperms are perennials, and 64% of the dicots are woody (shrubs, …
The Presence Of Taxol And Related Compounds In Taxus Baccata Native To The Ukraine (Crimea), Georgia, And Southern Russia, Thomas S. Elias, Vladislav V. Korzhenevsky
The Presence Of Taxol And Related Compounds In Taxus Baccata Native To The Ukraine (Crimea), Georgia, And Southern Russia, Thomas S. Elias, Vladislav V. Korzhenevsky
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Twenty-eight leaf and twig samples and one bark sample of Taxus baccata from the Ukraine (Crimea), Russia, and Georgia were analyzed for taxane compounds. Taxol and the related diterpenoid I 0-deacetylbaccatin III (baccatin III) were present in all samples and 20.7% of those samples exhibited a taxol content nearly equal to or greater than that obtained from the bark of the Pacific Yew, T. brevifolia. Taxus baccata is a potential significant source of taxol, the most promising new drug identified in the last twenty years for the treatment of selected forms of cancer.
Petiolar Anatomy Of North American Astragalus Species (Fabaceae) With Persistent Petioles, Thomas Engel
Petiolar Anatomy Of North American Astragalus Species (Fabaceae) With Persistent Petioles, Thomas Engel
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The petiole and rachis anatomy of 11 North American Astragalus species that show a tendency towards persistent petioles is described and illustrated by line drawings of representative transections. The results are compared with those of a spine anatomical survey of 200 Old World Astragalus and Astracantha species. Attention was given to the anatomical characters previously determined to be taxon-specific such as the amount and position of sclerenchyma and distribution patterns of vascular bundles. Character evolution and the classification of species into sections are discussed. A fundamental difference between New World and Old World Astragalus s.1. species was found. Most of …
Pogogyne Floribunda (Lamiaceae), A New Species From The Great Basin In Northeastern California, James D. Jokerst
Pogogyne Floribunda (Lamiaceae), A New Species From The Great Basin In Northeastern California, James D. Jokerst
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Pogogyne jloribunda is described as a new endemic species from Lassen and Modoc counties in northeastern California. Its occurrence on the eastern Modoc Plateau of the Great Basin Floristic Province is the first record for the genus outside the California Floristic Province. Pogogyne zizyphoroides also is reported from the Great Basin in Lassen County.