Botany Commons^™

Laboubeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vii. Addenda To Species Of Triceromyces On Hydrometridae And Further Observations On Dioecism In The Order, Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Four new species of Triceromyces (Laboulbeniales) parasitic on Hydrometra (Heteroptera: Hydrometridae) were described and aspects of their morphology and development were discussed and illustrated with line drawings. Two of the species, T. floridanus and T. elongatus, are monoecious; T. floridanus, known only from Florida, U.S.A., has features allying it with T. elongatus, which ranges from Madagascar and Kenya in Africa to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka in Asia. The other two undoubtedly closely related species, T. lithophilus and T. terrestris, are dioecious and parasitize two closely related endemic species of Hydrometra thriving in a small region …

A Coalescent Approach To Chloroplast Genome Relationships Within And Between Populations Of Pinus Devoniana In Mexico, Jennifer A. Matos

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Pinus devoniana, a member of the Pinus montezumae complex (Ponderosae) of Mexico and Central America occurs as scattered populations from the western states of Jalisco and Nayarit to Chiapas in the east. Populations within regions, i.e., western or eastern Mexico, are separated by from 75 to 300 km, while the eastern and western populations are more that 700 km apart. Levels of gene flow between populations within regions and between eastern and western Mexico are assessed using the paternally inherited chloroplast genome as a marker. Twenty-five polymorphic restriction chloroplast sites were found in the 175 individuals surveyed; …

Plant Conservation In The Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile, Tod F. Stuessy, Ulf Swenson, Daniel J. Crawford, Gregory Anderson, Mario Silva O.

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Oceanic archipelagos often hold very specialized floras with high degrees of endemism. These floras are frequently highly vulnerable to disturbance by natural causes and human intervention. The Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile) in the Pacific Ocean are a small archipelago of only three islands. Since discovery in 1574 by Juan Fernandez, human activities have altered floristic composition and survival circumstances of the endemic species. In this paper we document past and present means of disturbance, both anthropogenic and natural, which have influenced the native vegetation. The most destructive past activities have been logging and .introduction of animals and plants, both deliberately …

Cladistic Parsimony Analysis Of Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (Nrdna) Sequences Of Bouteloua And Relatives (Gramineae: Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Michael S. Kinney, Rashmi Pant, Maria Elena Siqueros Delgado

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Chloridoideae) employing cladistic parsimony analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) DNA sequences. Included were Aegopogon (2 of 4 species), Bouteloua (34 of 42), Buchloë (1 of 1), Buchlomimus (1 of 1), Cathestecum (2 of 4), Cyclostachya (1 of 1), Griffithsochloa (1 of 1), Hilaria (1 of 7), Opizia (2 of 2), Pentarrhaphis (2 of 3), Pleuraphis (2 of 3), Pringleochloa (1 of 1), Soderstromia (1 of 1), and five outgroup genera/species for a total of I8 genera, 56 species, and ten varieties. In all, the ITS region of 72 plants was sequenced and …

Exploring Alternative Systems Of Classification, Kathleen A. Kron

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Classification involves the development of a system of naming clades that can represent evolutionary relationships accurately and concisely. Using the acid-loving heath plants (Ericales) as an example, one can explore the application of different classification methods. The Linnean system of naming retains the traditional hierarchical framework (named ranks) and allows for the application of many cuqently used names. The "phylogenetic systematic" approach recommends the removal of an absolute hierarchy but allows retention of traditionally used endings such as -aceae. Historical usage of these names can lead to confusion when the names are used within a discussion or text, especially when …

Vegetative Proliferation In Polypogon Monspeliensis (Gramineae), Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Two New Species Of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) From Chile, Gerald A. Wheeler

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Two new species of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) are described from Chile. Both are local endemics, with U. chilensis known from VIII (Bío Bío) and IX (Araucanía) regións of central Chile and U. araucana from IX Región only.

Additions To The Vascular Flora Of San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, California, With Notes On Clarifications And Deletions, Timothy S. Ross, Steve Boyd, Steve Junak

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The number of vascular plant taxa reported from San Clemente Island, California, is briefly summarized. Recent additions to the vascular flora are presented and, with one exception, representative voucher specimens are cited as substantiation. Of the taxa di scussed, 68 are previously unreported taxa, and six are substantiations of previously dubious reports. An additional dozen taxa are cited in relation to clarifications or deletions. Based on current knowledge, we estimate the known flora to consist of 396 species with an additional 19 infraspecific taxa represented. Of these 415 taxa, 69.2% (272 speciesl15 additional subspecies or varieties) are considered indigenous to …

Phylogeny Of Polemoniaceae Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Dna Sequences, J. Mark Porter

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences are used to estimate the phylogeny of 53 members of Polemoniaceae, representing all but two genera of the family. Fitch parsimony analysis of equal-weighted nucleotide sites result in 1080 minimal-length trees. However, when alignment-ambiguous positions are removed and an II: 10 transition to transversion weighting is imposed only eight trees are found. These data are used to address two issues: I) patterns of diversification in Polemoniaceae, and 2) the circumscription and monophyly of the genus Gilia. Although the monophyly of Polemoniaceae is well supported, relationships inferred among the earliest diverging lineages …

Hierarchial Roots And Shoots Or Opera Jehovae Magna! (Psalms 111:2), Dan H. Nicolson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The philosophy of Linnaeus's classification, Systema Naturae, is briefly reviewed, as well as those of post-Linnaean systems of plant classification. Texts of current codes of nomenclature pertaining to hierarchy, including associated rank terminations, are compared.

Problems In Cladistic Classification: Higher-Level Relationships In Land Plants, Peter R. Crane, Paul Kenrick

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Recent cladistic analyses of green plants recognize an extensive hierarchical series of relatively well-supported monophyletic groups. Translating this hierarchical pattern of relationships into a usable and informative written classification is important for purposes of scientific communication, research and teaching. However, in the context of the "Linnean" hierarchy, as manifested in the current International code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), effecting this translation confronts substantial practical difficulties--especially the proliferation of hierarchical levels. These problems are exacerbated by the current emphasis of the ICBN on a hierarchy in which different ranks have different formal rank-based endings. These difficulties could be ameliorated by de-emphasizing …

Classification: More Than Just Branching Patterns Of Evolution, Tod F. Stuessy

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The past 35 years in biological systematics have been a time of remarkable philosophical and methodological developments. For nearly a century after Darwin's Origin of Species, systematists worked to understand the diversity of nature based on evolutionary relationships. Numerous concepts were presented and elaborated upon, such as homology, parallelism, divergence, primitiveness and advancedness, cladogenesis and anagenesis. Classifications were based solidly on phylogenetic concepts; they were avowedly monophyletic. Phenetics emphasized the immense challenges represented by phylogeny reconstruction and advised against basing classifications upon it. Pheneticists forced reevaluation of all previous classificatory efforts, and objectivity and repeatability in both grouping and …

The Euphorbiaceae Of Sonora, Mexico, Victor W. Steinmann, Richard S. Felger

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

This publication is an account of the Euphorbiaceae in the state of Sonora, México. Nineteen genera, 143 species, and three additional varieties are recorded for the state; three species expected within the state are also treated. One species of Acalypha and three species and one subspecies of Euphorbia are described. Dichotomous keys for the identification of genera and species are provided. Bibliographic citations, type information, synonyms, brief habit descriptions, times of reproduction, habitat preferences as well as elevational range within Sonora, geographical distribution, and representative specimens are given for each species. When appropriate, notes on uses, taxonomic or nomenclatural problems, …

Uncinia (Cyperaceae) Of Ecuador, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetghebeur

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Nine species of Uncinia (Cyperaceae: Caricoideae) are recorded from Ecuador, one of which, U. ecuadorensis, is newly described and illustrated here. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and both artificial and vegetative keys are provided for the nine species, and for some uncinias additional taxonomic, phytogeographic and ecological comments are made. A lectotype is designated for the name U. lenuis.

Karyotypes And Idiograms Of Some Western North American Species Of Lotus (Fabaceae), William F. Grant

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Karyotypes and idiograms are presented for 12 species (L. argophyllus var. argophyllus, L. crassifolius, L. dendroideus var. dendroideus, L. grandifiorus, L. humistratus, L. oblongifolius var. oblongifolius, L. stipularis, L. scoparius var. scoparius, L. salsuginosus var. salsuginosus, L. rigidus, L. wrangelianus, L. wrightii) and 3 varieties (L. argophyllus var. argenteus, L. nevadensis var. douglasii, L. scoparius var. brevialatus) of Lotus L. (Fabaceae) belonging to four different groups of the genus (Hosackia, Syrmatium, Microlotus, and Simpteria). The chromosome number for L. dendroideus var. dendroideus (2n = 14) is reported …

Wood Anatomy Of Buddlejaceae, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 23 species of Buddleja and one species each of Emorya, Nuxia, and Peltanthera. Although crystal distribution is likely a systematic feature of some species of Buddleja, other wood features relate closely to ecology. Features correlated with xeromorphy in Buddleja include strongly marked growth rings (terminating with vascular tracheids), narrower mean vessel diameter, shorter vessel elements, greater vessel density, and helical thickenings in vessels. Old World species of Buddleja cannot be differentiated from New World species on the basis of wood features. Emorya wood is like that of xeromorphic species …

The Linnaean Hierarchy And The Evolutionization Of Taxonomy, With Emphasis On The Problem Of Nomenclature, Kevin De Queiroz

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

During the post-Darwinian history of taxonomy, the Linnaean hierarchy has maintained its role as a means for representing hierarchical taxonomic relationships. During the same period, the principle of descent has taken on an increasingly important role as the basis for reformulated versions of fundamental taxonomic concepts and principles. Early in this history, the principle of descent provided an explanation for the existence of taxa and implied a nested, hierarchical structure for taxonomic relationships. Although an evolutionary explanation for taxa contradicted the Aristotelian context within which the Linnaean hierarchy was developed, the nested, hierarchical structure of taxonomic rela· tionships implied by …

Genetic Dissection Of The Morphological Evolution Of Maize, John Doebley

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and its wild progenitor, teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis) differ dramatically in inflorescence and plant architecture despite the fact that their evolutionary divergence occurred within the past 10,000 years or less. To elucidate the genetic control of the morphological differences between maize and teosinte, my colleague and I employed quantitative trait locus mapping with molecular markers. Results indicated that most of the variation in plant and inflorescence morphology between maize and teosinte can be explained by five restricted regions of the genome. In this paper, characterization of three of these regions …

Introduction To The Symposium: "The New Morphology: Potential For Integrating New Techniques And Concepts", Elizabeth Zimmer

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Population Structuring And Patterns Of Morphological Variation In Californian Styrax (Styracaceae), Peter Fritsch

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Recent studies of genetic variation within and among populations and phylogenetic estimates have provided evidence bearing on the evolutionary history and taxonomy of Styrax in California (S. redivivus). In this paper, data from these studies are further analyzed and integrated with new data from morphology to gain insight into the nature and taxonomic significance of character variation within this species. Six morphological characters thought to be important in the delimitation of infraspecific taxa within S. redivivus were measured on 52 herbarium specimens and analyzed with Pearson correlations and multivariate methods. Five characters are significantly associated with latitude and …

Bouteloua Chihuahuana (Gramineae), A New Nomenclatural Combination, J. Travis Columbus

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A revision of the Euphorbia dioscoreoides complex (subgenus Agaloma) is provided. Euphorbia dioscoreoides ssp. attenuata and E. eglandulosa, both from Mexico, are proposed as new; E. digitata is reduced to synonymy under E. subpeltata. Representative specimens are cited, and distributional and ecological data are provided.

Using Confocal Microscopy In The Study Of Plant Structure And Development, Mark P. Running, Elliot M. Meyerowitz

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The widespread application of confocal laser scanning microscopy has revolutionized biological imaging. We have developed a protocol for using confocal microscopy to examine the development of wild type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana, overcoming the technical difficulties associated with examining whole-mounted plant tissue. This allowed us to rapidly determine the underlying cellular defects that lead to the morphological changes visible in several mutants, and has led to a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of floral organ number.

Diversity And Evolution Of Seedling Baupläne In Perlargonium (Geraniaceae), Cynthia S. Jones, Robert A. Price

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) exhibits tremendous variation in growth form. We apply a broadly defined concept of Bauplan in our study of growth form, architectural and anatomical features of early seedling development in the type subgenus. We analyze variation in these features within a phylogenetic framework based on sequence comparisons of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA.

Preliminary ITS sequence comparisons show strong support for two major clades. One major clade contains two subgroups, one consisting of three previously recognized sections of more or less woody shrubs and subshrubs (sections Pelargonium, Glaucophyllum and Campylia), and …

Wood And Stem Anatomy Of Menispermaceae, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for 17 collections of 15 species representing 14 genera. One species is a shrub (Cocculus laurifolius), one a subshrub (C. trilobus), and the remainder are lianas. Successive cambia are analyzed with respect to ontogeny and histology of products. Whether any Menispermaceae may or may not plesiomorphically lack successive cambia would require a more extensive survey of the family. Apomorphic absence of successive cambia is likely for species with subshrub growth forms (Cocculus trilobus, Menispermum canadense L.). Lianoid Menispermaceae share the following features: successive cambia, wide vessels, wide rays, …

A Revision Of The Euphorbia Dioscoreoides Complex (Euphorbiaceae), Victor W. Steinmann

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Does The Monocot Mode Of Leaf Development Characterize All Monocots?, Geeta Bharathan

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Patterns of early leaf development in monocots are analyzed in a phylogenetic context. Recent developmental and phylogenetic studies enable this reevaluation of the leaf base model of the developing monocot leaf. Two questions are addressed: a) is the presence of the Vorläuferspitze (fore-runner tip) invariably correlated with development of the lamina from the lower leaf zone? and b) was the ancestral monocot characterized by the leaf base mode of development? Scanning electron microscopic observations are made of young primorida using the mold and cast method. These data are combined with data from the literature and examined in a phylogenetic context …

Patterns Of Dilatation Growth In Ficus Pumila And Ficus Sycomorus, Simcha Lev-Yadun

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Dilatation growth occurs in the secondary phloem rays, in the axial secondary phloem parenchyma, and in the parenchyma of the cortex of Ficus pumila (a Iiana) and Ficus sycomorus (a tree). Dilatation growth in Ficus pumila is mostly the result of meristematic activity, but in Ficus sycomorus it is the result of both meristematic activity and increase in cell size. Dilatation meristem is formed in the rays in various patterns: in the center of the ray, at one or two of the ray's margins, in horizontal or diagonal strips (relative to the axis) in the ray, or in more than …

Baccharis Malibuensis (Asteraceae): A New Species From The Santa Monica Mountains, California, R. Mitchell Beauchamp, James Henrickson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Baccharis malibuensis is described from the Malibu Lake region of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. It is closely related to Baccharis plummerae subsp. plummerae but differs in having narrow, subentire, typically conduplicate, sparsely villous to mostly glabrous leaves with glands occurring in depressions on the adaxial surface, more cylindrical inflorescences, and a distribution in open chaparral vegetation. The new taxon shares some characteristics with B. plummerae subsp. glabrata of northwestern San Luis Obispo County, e.g., smaller leaves, reduced vestiture, and occurrence in scrub habitat, but the two taxa appear to have developed independently from B. p. subsp. …

Crossroads, Milestones, Amd Landmarks In Insect Development And Evolution: Implications For Systematics, Rob Desalle, Donat Agosti, Michael Whiting, Beatriz Perez-Sweeney, James Remsen, Rick Baker, James Bonacum, Ranhy Bang

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Our understanding of insect development and evolution has increased greatly due to recent advances in the comparative developmental approach. Modem developmental biology techniques such as in situ hybridization and molecular analysis of developmentally important genes and gene families have greatly facilitated these advances. The role of the comparative developmental approach in insect systematics is explored in this paper and we suggest two important applications of the approach to insect systematics--character dissection and morphologicallandmarking. Exi~ng morphological characters can be dissected into their genetic and molecular components in some cases and this will lead to more and richer character information in systematic …

Studies In Macrosiphonia (Apocynaceae): Generic Recognition Of Telosiphonia, James Henrickson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Woodson recognized two subgenera within Macrosiphonia (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae), a South American subgenus Eumacrosiphonia, and a North American subgenus Telosiphonia each with five species. Both taxa are characterized by low subshrub-shrub, nonviny growth habits, white, long-tubed, vespertine corollas of a type associated with moth pollination. Their distinctive anther and style-tip characteristics show each is related to a group of genera around Mandevilla and Mesechites. The two subgenera, however, differ strongly from each other in inflorescence, style-head structure, and pollen size indicating that they are not sister taxa and that Macrosiphonia as currently recognized is polyphyletic. Thus the subgenus Telosiphonia …