Botany Commons^™

Floral Morphology And Phylogeny In The Hydrocharitaceae, Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The vascular anatomy of 13 of the 15 genera of the Hydrocharitaceae has been studied, and certain aspects of floral morphology are considered. The flowers of the family show a broad range of specialized structures combined with primitive characteristics. The origin of paired and single stamens is interpreted as probable modifications of fascicled stamens. Extreme reduction in the androecium is shown for several genera. Tendencies toward reduction and fusion within the gynoecium are pronounced. Most genera are at least slightly syncarpous, but a few are apocarpous. The inferior ovary is appendicular in nature, with some genera exhibiting more complete fusion …

Floral Development And Vasculature In Hydrocleis Nymphoides (Butomaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The flower of Hydrocleis nymphoides consists of three sepals which arise in spiral succession, three simultaneously arising petals, numerous stamens and staminodia which arise in centrifugal order, and six carpels. A residual apex remains at maturity. The first-formed members of the androecium are stamens and the later-formed members are staminodia which develop below the stamens and which become outwardly displaced during expansion of the receptacle. The androecium is supplied by branching vascular trunk bundles. The carpels are completely open but the ventral margins are slightly conduplicately appressed basally. A single dorsal bundle provides the stigmatic area with vascular tissue, and …

Development And Vasculature Of The Flowers Of Lophotocarpus Calycinus And Sagittaria Latifolia (Alismaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The development of the bisexual flower of Lophotocarpus calycinus and of the unisexual flowers of Sagittaria latifolia has been observed. In all cases floral organs arise in acropetal succession. In L. calycinus, after initiation of the perianth, the first whorl of stamens to form consists of six stamens and is ordinarily followed by two alternating whorls of six stamens each. The very numerous carpels are initiated spirally. In the male flower of S. latifolia the androecium develops in spiral order. A few rudimentary carpels appear near the floral apex after initiation of the stamens. There are no staminodia. The female …

Ontogeny And Anatomy Of The Flower Of Limnocharis Flava (Butomaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The flowers of Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. are borne in an indeterminate umbel and each consists of three sepals, three yellow petals, and about 18 carpels surrounded by numerous stamens and staminodia. The androecium is centrifugally developed, and the last-formed members are staminodial; it is supplied by branching vascular systems. Carpels arise almost simultaneously, and a prominent residual floral apex remains. The carpels are partially conduplicately closed and are also primitive in possessing laminar placentation and in lacking differentiation of a style. The gynoecium is essentially apocarpous, but there are slight fusions of adjacent carpels near their ventral margins where …

Bulletin No. 10: The Connecticut Arboretum, Richard H. Goodwin, William A. Niering, Fleur A. Grandjouan, Robert Fulton Logan

Bulletins

An annotated list with seasonal records and an account of the breeding bird census program. 24 pp.

Use Of The Antibiotics, Streptomycin And Terramycin, As Growth Stimulants For Orchid Seedlings, Margaret W. O'Neill

Biology ETDs

Antibiotics first came to the public's attention in 1945, when penicillin and streptomycin were released by the United States government to fight human diseases. Later, other antibiotics were released and experimental work was done on control of plant and animal diseases. By 1948 plant pathologists found that certain plant diseases such as walnut blight, tomato and pepper bacterial spot, soft rot, cucumber, downy mildew, chrysanthemum bacterial wilt, and lilac bacterial blight could be controlled by antibiotics.

A Distributional And Taxonomic Study Of Ratibida Columnifera Var. Columnifera, Ratiba Columnifera Var. Pucherrima, And Their Hybrids In New Mexico, Walter W. Marshall

Biology ETDs

The classification and distribution of Ratibida columnifera var. columnifera Woot. and Standl. and R. columnifera var. pulcherrima (DC.) Woot. and Standl. are complex. Some floras list R. columnifera var. pulcherrima as a purple colored form or variety of the species while other authors refer to this taxon as a separate species of Ratibida. The purpose of this study is to clarify the taxonomic status of the two forms by determining and differences in morphology, distribution, taxonomy, and ecology.

An attempt has been made to determine the route by which R. columnifera columnifera and R. columnifera pulcherrima were distributed. After this …

The Fern Prothallium As An Experimental Object For Morphogenetic Studies, Dorothy Anita Douglas

Theses & Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

A Cytological Study Of The Induced Octoploid Of An Agropyron-Hordeum Hybrid, R. Bruce Ashman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The occurrence of hybrids, both interspecific and intergeneric, is frequent in the Gramineae generally (Stebbins, 1949), and is especially common in the tribe Hordeae of which both A. trachycaulum and H. jubatum are members. Intergeneric hybrids in this tribe have been studied by Stebbins et al. (1946a, and 1946b), Stebbins and Walters (1949), and Stebbins and Singh (1950) in an effort to determine true phylogenetic relationships on which to base a taxonomic classification, and results of these studies have indicated that the current taxonomic treatment of this tribe is highly artificial. Attempts to produce a perennial wheat and improve …

Bulletin 200 - Trees And Shrubs Of The Campus And East Central Illinois, Ernest Stover

Eastern Illinois University Bulletin

The keys to the trees, shrubs and vines have been revised

in an attempt to make them more usable for the beginning student.

The keys to several of the genera, pines, oaks, ashes, willows,

etc., have been rewritten and species added that were not

in the previous printings.

The key to the trees in winter has been added hoping that it

will be helpful to both teachers and students. The identification

of trees without their leaves during the winter is not only interesting

but useful.

The identification of plants is but one phase of their study.

Botany is the basic …

A Bioecological Study Of Pinyon Pine-Juniper Association At Juan Tabo In The Sandia Mountains Of New Mexico, Robert Hallett Parker

Biology ETDs

A survey of literature shows that no community or bioecological study has ever been made of the pinyon pine-juniper association as it occurs in the Upper Sonoran Life Zone in New Mexico and southern Colorado. This deficiency of knowledge relative to the pinyon pine-juniper community is in direct contrast to several studies that have been made of the same community in Arizona and Utah by the presence of dominant trees of entirely different species. Relative to the association in New Mexico, one of the dominant tress, the pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm), has been investigated, but no bioecological and …

Fusarium Conglutinens Variety Callistephi, Beach And Its Effect On The Chrysanthemum, Mary Heimick Palmer

Bachelors’ Theses

This thesis is the result of extensive research for the past year at Marquette University on Chrysanthemums. In particular, I refer to a specific problem, that of an attempt to ascertain with certainty the cause of a serious infection of Chrysanthemums. This treatise covers the procedure and methods used in discovering the actual pathogen, and my reasons for believing that this particular pathogen is Fusarium conglutinens variety Callistephi.

Developmental Anatomy Of Descurainia Pinnata, Robert D. Spensley

Biology ETDs

This study is concerned mainly with the morphological development of Descurainia pinnata subspecies ochroleuca (Wooton) Detling, a member of the tribe Sisymbrieae and subtribe Descurainiinae of the Cruciferae. Although commonly referred to as Sophia by many botanists, this genus is otherwise known as Descurainia and sometimes partly included in Sisymbrium. D. pinnata is listed as Sisymbrium canescens in Gray's manual, as Sophia pinnata by Coulter and Nelson, as Descurainia pinnata by Kearney and Peebles, and as Sophia ochroleuca by Wooton and Stanley.

The Stomatal Behvior Of Begonias And Its Relationship To Infection By Xanthomonas Begoniae, Eugene David Kitzke

Bachelors’ Theses

A leaf spot disease of begonias caused by a bacterium has been under observation and study at Marquette University for nearly a year. It brings up many interesting questions which need to be an­swered before the investigators can fully evaluate and determine correctly the relationships of this organism to the Begoniaceae. One of the questions, which has come up, was the problem of the mode of entrance. It is the purpose of this paper to deter­ mine the relation of the stomata to infection.

A Study Of Origins And Ecological Features Of Hardy, Cultivated, Herbaceous Plants Of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Dorothy Elaine Witheck

Bachelors’ Theses

Gardeners have always been interested in herbaceous plants, chiefly because of their beauty and usefulness. As a result of the great popularity, a large number of attractive varieties have been produced through centuries of' cultivation, selection and breeding. Very early agricultural and medical demands stimulated an interest in the plants, and as early as 372-287 B.C. Theophrastus, a pupil of Aristotle, described about 460 cultivated plants and classified them as herbs, undershrubs, shrubs and trees. Much of the work accomplished by the ancient Greeks was lost and it was not until the sixteenth century that renewed enthusiasm for the study …

Embryo And Seedling Development Of Tropaeolum Majus, L., Florence Ann Norris

Bachelors’ Theses

The family Tropaeolacese contains one genus Tropaeolum with about fifty species living on the mountains of Mexico and the Andes as far south as Chile. Three occur also in South Brazil. Tropaeolum majus L. and Tropaeolum minus L., natives of Peru, are the "Nasturtium" of our gardens.

Origin And Development Of Tissues In The Root Of Daucus Carota, L., M. Gerald Vodde

Bachelors’ Theses

When botanists of the seventeenth century began their anatomical investigations of plants, their attention was quite naturally centered on the parts of the plant which they most readily observed growing above the ground. The Englishman, Robert Hooke (1661), revolutionized the botanical sciences when he announced his discovery of the fact that plant tissues are composed of cavities which he called cells. Many workers enthusiastically took up the study of plant tissues and the individual cells of which these tissues are composed. Progress was rather slow, and it was not until approximately two hundred years later that the cell theory was …

The Rhamnales Of Wisconsin: A Taxonomic Study, Richard W. Pohl

Bachelors’ Theses

The extensive taxonomic literature on the North American Vites was reviewed by L.H. Bailey (3) in 1934. Among the earlier writers, Major John Le Conte published "An Enumeration of the Vines of North America" (32) in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1852-1853. Dr. George Engelmann of St. Louis published a short review of the North American grapes in the American Naturalist for August,1868. He mentioned ten species, giving formal descriptions for none, and commented upon the work of Rafinesque, who had attempted to describe the North American species of Vitis about fifty years previously, …

Seasonal Variation Of The Pigment Content Of Acer Saccharum & Tilia Americana, James Major

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Leaves of the sugar maple and the American linden were selected. Since it was impossible to control environmental factors in any way, trees growing in close proximity were used. A sugar maple and an American linden growing near the entrance to the circular drive between Ogden Hall and Snell Hall on the campus of Western Kentucky State Teachers College, Bowling Green, Kentucky, fulfilled the above conditions.

The Phaenogams Of Western Kentucky University State Teachers College, Gertrude Raymond

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The campus of Western Kentucky State Teachers College was laid out in 1910 by Mr. Henry Wright, landscape architect, with the view of planting ornamental shrubs and woody and herbaceous plants indigenous to Kentucky. In more recent years the gardens on the grounds of the Kentucky Building have been planted with many species of Kentucky plants.

This study was undertaken for the purpose of making a scientific classification of the flowering plants on the campus of Western Kentucky State Teachers College.

The Relation Of The Native Forest Cover To The Physical And Chemical Nature Of The Soils Of The Mammoth Cave National Park Area, Sheppard Walker

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study was undertaken for the purpose of determining the relation existing between the native forest cover and the chemical and physical properties of the soils of the Mammoth Cave National Park area. The study was suggested by certain references in the literature to a correlation existing between forest cover and the geological, chemical and physical nature of soils of this area. The recent attempt at reforestation in the Mammoth Cave National Park area renders such a study timely, and it is believed that the results reported in this paper will materially aid the Mammoth Cave National Park Commission and …

Study Of The Tissues And Tissue Development In The Leaf And Stem Of Lycium Halifmifolium, L., Charles A. Troxel

Bachelors’ Theses

The Matrimony-vines are shrubs with usually spiny branches, rigid in some species, slender and arching or procumbent in others, with small and rather narrow, usually grayish green leaves, and dull-colored whitish, purplish, or violet flowers and scarlet, rarely yellow or black, berries. Most of the species are tender but Lycium halimlfollum, L. chinense, and also Lycium turcomanicum and L. ruthenlcum are hardy and thrive in the north temperate regions.

The Ethnobotany Of The Acoma And Laguna Indians, George R. Swank

Biology ETDs

The Indian lives close to nature and utilizes the plants which grow about him, and these uses differ among various tribes. In order therefore to understand the ethnobotany of any group of Indians it is necessary to know something of their history, customs, mythology, religion and medicine. Hence in treating the ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians the above phases of their culture will be discussed as they relate to these two pueblos.

The Structure Of The Seed And The Development Of The Seedling Of Symplocarpus Foetidus (L.) Nutt,, John P. Ranzau

Bachelors’ Theses

The first mention of Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. is made by John Josselyn in his ''New England rarities discovered in birds, beasts. fishes, serpents and plants of that country" published in 1872, where it is listed with plants such as are "proper to the country and have no name." The subject of his description can readily be discovered from a crudely engraved illustration. "The whole plant scents as strong as a fox" certainly leaves no doubt as to the identity of the plant. The plant has for a long time been of unusual interest to both layman and botanist because …

Branched Cells Of Pteris Cretica L., Var. "Albo-Lineata, Hort And Pellaea Viridis (Forksk) Prantl", Mary Elizabeth Trechter

Bachelors’ Theses

The fern gametophyte offers a large field for experimental work, not only in the reproductive processes but in the development of prothallia from the germination of the spore. The ordinary fern spore germinates on soil or in water. Prothallia, which have formed branched cells, have been found by a number of workers, and attempts have been made by some to explain the cause of the branching.

Further Studies In The Ecotone Between Prairie And Woodland, R. J. Pool, J. E. Weaver, F. C. Jean

University Studies (University of Nebraska) (1888–1984)

A series of intensive investigations of the ecological features of the tension zone between prairie and woodland in the Mississippi valley was begun by Weaver and Thiel in 1915. These studies were continued for two seasons in Minnesota and were also extended to the prairies of eastern Nebraska in 1916. These investigations represent the first attempt to attack the prairie-forest problem on a comprehensive scale by means of the quantitative methods of modern ecology. Some of the results secured from these studies have been published as the first paper of a series planned to deal with critical investigations in the …

Rocky Mountain Flowers, Frederic E. Clements, Edith Schwartz Clements

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE FOR PLANT-LOVERS AND PLANT-USERS WITH TWENTY-FIVE PLATES IN COLOR AND TWENTY-TWO PLATES IN BLACK AND WHITE

The present book is an endeavor to present the materials of the Rocky Mountain flora in preliminary form from the standpoint of the experimental ecologist. The latter is concerned primarily with the relationships of "species" and their subdivisions as an organic expression or measure of habitat differences, and of the competitive relations of the various formations. Whatever the taxonomic value of the numerous segregates of the last decade or two, the fact that the binomial form conceals the relationship to the …

The Relation Of Leaf Structure To Physical Factors, Edith Schwartz Clements

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The leaf, as the seat of important physiological functions of the plant, and because of its modification by external factors, has long been a fruitful subject for investigation. As a rule, however, investigators have confined themselves solely to the histology and morphology of the leaf, independent of its relations to physical factors. Where the latter have been considered at all, it has been in a more or less general way, or undue importance has been assigned to one or another of the physical factors, and others have been ignored entirely. In no case have they been carefully measured. The aim …

The Grasses Of Nebraska, Charles E. Bessey, Robert Bolin , Depositor

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Dr Bessey was the Nebraska State Botanist and Professor of Botany at University of Nebraska. This report contains a classification list of grasses found in the state and brief comments on the usefulness of the various grasses.

A Second Report Upon The Native Trees And Shrubs Of Nebraska, Charles E. Bessey, Robert Bolin , Depositor

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Dr. Bessey was then Nebraska State Botanist and “Professor of Botany, State University, Lincoln Nebraska.” The State University is now called that University of Nebraska–Lincoln. This document was published as a contribution to the knowledge of the native woody plants of the state. Several reports had been published previously each containing additions and corrections. This report contains a “Special Request” that asked readers around the state to send samples of native trees and shrubs to the author.

The report contains a classification list of the various trees and shrubs along with information about where they can be found. A table …