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2023

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Articles 631 - 660 of 1788

Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences

Forage Grass Phenology In Relation To Climate Change, G. Żurek Jun 2023

Forage Grass Phenology In Relation To Climate Change, G. Żurek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Phenological phases of plants, such as heading or flowering are mainly driven by environmental factors such as pests, diseases, competition, soil properties, genetics, age and, most importantly, weather conditions (Menzel & Fabian, 1999; Menzel 2000). At the end of the last century there was an emerging recognition that phenological records can be especially useful in environmental monitoring and it has gained the UK government approval as an indicator of climate change (Sparks et al., 2000). The aim of this work was to analyse long-term trends in the mean heading date for Polish ecotypes of three forage grass species.

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Long-Term Responses Of A Mesic Grassland To Manipulation Of Rainfall Quantity And Pattern, A. K. Knapp, J M. Blair, P. A. Fay, M. D. Smith, S. L. Collins, J. M. Briggs Jun 2023

Long-Term Responses Of A Mesic Grassland To Manipulation Of Rainfall Quantity And Pattern, A. K. Knapp, J M. Blair, P. A. Fay, M. D. Smith, S. L. Collins, J. M. Briggs

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climatic variability is an inherent feature of grassland biomes, with large fluctuations in temperatures combined with precipitation regimes characterised by floods and severe drought occurring on both an interannual and seasonal scale. Global climate models and emerging data indicate that extremes in precipitation regimes are increasing worldwide coupled with increases in temperature. Thus, variability in spatial and temporal patterns of water availability in grasslands, as directly influenced by altered precipitation patterns and indirectly by increased temperatures, will likely increase in the future. The objectives of our experiments were to experimentally manipulate rainfall amount and temporal patterns (amount and timing of …

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Dynamics Of Long-Term Carbon Sequestration On Rangelands In The Western Usa, G. E. Schuman, L. J. Ingram, P. D. Stahl, G. F. Vance Jun 2023

Dynamics Of Long-Term Carbon Sequestration On Rangelands In The Western Usa, G. E. Schuman, L. J. Ingram, P. D. Stahl, G. F. Vance

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands in the USA occupy 161 million hectares of land. Worldwide, rangelands occupy about half of the land area and account for more than 1/3 of the world's terrestrial carbon (C) reserves. Because of their large land area, rangelands have the potential to sequester a significant amount of additional atmospheric C. Schuman et al. (2001) estimate that rangelands and marginal croplands restored to grasslands in the USA can sequester 64 million metric tonnes C/ha/yr if properly managed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the long-term effects of grazing on soil C storage in a northern mixed-grass prairie (NMP).

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Lactating Ewes Were Strongly Attracted To Salt When Spread On Sodium-Deficient Undergrazed Hill Pastures, N. Mandaluniz, J. C. Ruiz, R. J. Lucas Jun 2023

Lactating Ewes Were Strongly Attracted To Salt When Spread On Sodium-Deficient Undergrazed Hill Pastures, N. Mandaluniz, J. C. Ruiz, R. J. Lucas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New Zealand hill and high country pastures for sheep and cattle cover very variable topography. Shady south face hill country pastures on steeper slopes are grazed inefficiently because of their mature state and low nutritive value. Flatter more fertile areas reflect more frequent defoliation and stock camping behaviour. These inland pastures are deficient in sodium (Na) (Aspinall et al., 2004) because they are distant from coastal sea spray. Management alternatives are sought to improve pasture quality on steep, shady aspects. The provision of different nutrients such as Na or nitrogen (N), which are deficient in these under-grazed areas of …

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Toxicity In Beef Cattle Grazing Leucaena Leucocephala In Queensland, Australia, Scott A. Dalzell, D. J. Burnett, J. E. Dowsett, V. E. Forbes, H. M. Shelton Jun 2023

Toxicity In Beef Cattle Grazing Leucaena Leucocephala In Queensland, Australia, Scott A. Dalzell, D. J. Burnett, J. E. Dowsett, V. E. Forbes, H. M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Improved pastures based on the leguminous shrub Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) are the most productive, profitable and sustainable for beef cattle production in northern Australia. Leucaena forage contains the toxic, non-protein amino acid mimosine, which is rapidly converted to 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (DHP) upon ingestion by grazing cattle. This is a potent goitrogen and appetite suppressant. Animals suffering severe DHP toxicity exhibit distinctive symptoms (e.g. hair loss, excessive salivation, goitre and weight loss), while subclinical DHP toxicity can suppress live weight gain by 30-50% without producing any obvious symptoms. Prior to the discovery and introduction of the DHP-degrading rumen bacteria Synergistes jonesii into …

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Simulations Of Woodland Grassland Transitions Caused By Elephant, Kevin J. Duffy, S. Moyo Jun 2023

Simulations Of Woodland Grassland Transitions Caused By Elephant, Kevin J. Duffy, S. Moyo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In South Africa, reintroduction of wildlife on small to medium sized farms is common. A primary concern for the landowners who introduce elephant is the effects they will have on tree and grass densities. It is possible that elephant impact can exacerbate a shift from woodland to grassland. In this paper it is shown how simulations can possibly assist in understanding the possible dynamics involved.

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Cattle Grazing Management Effects On Pasture Composition In Semi-Arid Woodlands, Trevor J. Hall, J. R. Douglas Jun 2023

Cattle Grazing Management Effects On Pasture Composition In Semi-Arid Woodlands, Trevor J. Hall, J. R. Douglas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Manipulating grazing pressure, controlling tree competition and burning are the main options for cattle farmers to manage land in subtropical Australian Eucalypt woodlands. These can contain >175 herbaceous and 60 woody species, but only 5 are desirable perennial and productive grass (Silcock et al., 1996). Here we describe the responses of some perennial grasses to cattle grazing pressure, tree competition and spring burning.

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Effect Of Forest Grazing In Summer On Grazing Behaviour, Heart Beat And Heat Production Of Beef Cows, H. Tobioka, M. Fukumoto, S. Takeda Jun 2023

Effect Of Forest Grazing In Summer On Grazing Behaviour, Heart Beat And Heat Production Of Beef Cows, H. Tobioka, M. Fukumoto, S. Takeda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Japan summer is very hot and humid, particularly in daytime, therefore the supply of shade to animals is important. At the same time, a lot of forest and partial forest area is under-utilised in most of the mountain areas. Introduction of animals to forest areas might result in not only less labour demanding animal management, but also in the efficient weeding in the forest (Sugimoto et al., 1999). We compared the grazing behaviour, heart beat and heat production of beef cows in partial forest with those in the normal grazing place outside the forest.

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Intake By Lactating Goats Browsing On Mediterranean Shrubland, M. Decandia, G. Pinna, A. Cabiddu, G. Molle Jun 2023

Intake By Lactating Goats Browsing On Mediterranean Shrubland, M. Decandia, G. Pinna, A. Cabiddu, G. Molle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Mediterranean regions goat feeding systems are mainly based on shrubland that contain a wide variety of species. There are only a few equations for predicting feed intake of stall-fed goats (Luo et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting the intake of lactating goats browsing on Mediterranean shrubland.

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Effects Of Livestock Grazing On The Shrub Vegetation Biomass In The ‘Sierra De Guara’ Natural Park (Spain), J. L. Riedel, I. Casasús, A. García, A. Sanz, M. Blanco, R. Revilla, A. Bernués Jun 2023

Effects Of Livestock Grazing On The Shrub Vegetation Biomass In The ‘Sierra De Guara’ Natural Park (Spain), J. L. Riedel, I. Casasús, A. García, A. Sanz, M. Blanco, R. Revilla, A. Bernués

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The 'Sierra de Guara' Natural Park (80.7 Kha) is a Mediterranean mountain area in Huesca, south of the Spanish Pyrenees. Shrub and forest pastures dominate the Park. They are grazed mainly by sheep, but also by suckler cattle and goats. Average stocking rate is 0.15 LU/ha. As in other European mountain areas, agricultural activities have declined during the last few decades. This has caused a process of secondary vegetation succession towards shrub invasion, with consequent landscape changes. This study aimed to quantify the effect of grazing on shrub vegetation biomass.

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The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Lamb Grazing System On Sward Performance Of Trifolium Repens And Lotus Corniculatus In Uruguay, F. Montossi, R. San Julián, M. Nolla, M. Camesasca, F. Preve Jun 2023

The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Lamb Grazing System On Sward Performance Of Trifolium Repens And Lotus Corniculatus In Uruguay, F. Montossi, R. San Julián, M. Nolla, M. Camesasca, F. Preve

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lambs have a great potential to diversify and stimulate meat and wool production and economical returns within the industry. The main objective of this study was to evaluate different feeding and management alternatives for the production of high quality wool and meat as well as their effects on sward characteristics in the Basaltic region of Uruguay.

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Effect Of Forage Legume Species And Stocking Rate Of Lambs On Sward Characteristics In Uruguay, F. Montossi, D. F. Risso, R. San Julián, M. Iglesias, N. Ramos, I. De Barbieri, R. Cuadro, A. Zarza Jun 2023

Effect Of Forage Legume Species And Stocking Rate Of Lambs On Sward Characteristics In Uruguay, F. Montossi, D. F. Risso, R. San Julián, M. Iglesias, N. Ramos, I. De Barbieri, R. Cuadro, A. Zarza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The sheep industry is a mayor component of the pastoral industries, given its importance for the Uruguayan economy. In the last decade, sheep farmers have been more interested in low cost technologies to enhance productivity and profit. The objective of this study, conducted in the Basaltic region of Uruguay, was to evaluate the effect of legume species and stocking rate of lambs on sward structure, production, composition and nutritive value.

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Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing System On Fine And Superfine Merino Wool Production And Quality On Native Swards Of Uruguay, I. De Barbieri, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, A. Dighiero, A. Mederos Jun 2023

Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing System On Fine And Superfine Merino Wool Production And Quality On Native Swards Of Uruguay, I. De Barbieri, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, A. Dighiero, A. Mederos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Modern textile tendencies show that consumers prefer light, soft, resistant, natural, and comfortable clothes, for which fine and superfine wools are in great demand, particularly at the high value markets (Whiteley, 2003). The main objective of the present study was to define sustainable stocking rates and grazing systems on native swards for fine and superfine wool production in the Basaltic region of Uruguay.

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Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia, G. Han, Walter D. Willms, M. Zhao, A. Gao, S. Jiao, D. Kemp Jun 2023

Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia, G. Han, Walter D. Willms, M. Zhao, A. Gao, S. Jiao, D. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stocking rate is an important factor in grazing management. The stocking rate defines utilization and ultimately grazing pressure, which in turn affects grassland sustainability. Grassland sustainability is partly defined by its species composition and ultimately by its productivity. These attributes are unique for specific plant communities and the effect of stocking rate must be established for each in order to understand the community response to grazing and to determine its carrying capacity. While some information exists on the effects of stocking rate on livestock production in the Stipa breviflora Griseb. Desert Steppe (Wei et al., 2000), the effects on …

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Effect Of Stocking Rates On Plant Morphology In The Inner Mongolia Steppe Of China, Shiping Wang, Y. F. Wang, Z. Z. Chen, Bob Patton, Paul Nyren Jun 2023

Effect Of Stocking Rates On Plant Morphology In The Inner Mongolia Steppe Of China, Shiping Wang, Y. F. Wang, Z. Z. Chen, Bob Patton, Paul Nyren

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

During the long period of co-evolution with herbivores, range plants have adapted and developed resistant mechanisms in response to grazing (Briske, 1991). The objective of this experiment was to determine the morphological response of a number of the dominant plant species in the Inner Mongolia steppe of China to stocking rate.

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Productivity And Grazing Capacity Of Five Typical Natural Rangelands For Yaks In The Alpine Region Of China, Xuebing Yan, Yuxia Guo, Z. He, W. Kun Jun 2023

Productivity And Grazing Capacity Of Five Typical Natural Rangelands For Yaks In The Alpine Region Of China, Xuebing Yan, Yuxia Guo, Z. He, W. Kun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Qinghai-Tibet plateau has greatly aroused the interest of scientists as an uncommon rangeland resource of great agro-ecological importance. Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique, vulnerable ungulate. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the productivity and feed value of five natural rangelands.

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An Examination Of The Diurnal Variability In Nitrous Oxide Emissions, B. P. Hyde, A. F. Fanning, M. Ryan, O. T. Carton Jun 2023

An Examination Of The Diurnal Variability In Nitrous Oxide Emissions, B. P. Hyde, A. F. Fanning, M. Ryan, O. T. Carton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is generally assumed in field experiments, that the measurement of nitrous oxide (N2O) using enclosed chambers for a period of 1 hour can be used to provide an estimate of daily emission rates. In the majority of studies, emission measurements are conducted between 0900 and 1300 h. However, clearly defined diurnal cycles in N2O emission rates have been observed from both agricultural and forest soils in temperate regions as a consequence of diurnal fluctuations in temperature (Blackmer et al., 1982; Ball et al., 1999; Baggs et al., 2002). The objective of this …

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Fluxes Of Co2 And N2O From Soils Of A Grazed Pasture In Ireland, S. Kumar, M. Abdalla, P. Ambus, A. Mccourt, J. Clifton-Brown, J. Burke, M. Jones, M. L. Willliams Jun 2023

Fluxes Of Co2 And N2O From Soils Of A Grazed Pasture In Ireland, S. Kumar, M. Abdalla, P. Ambus, A. Mccourt, J. Clifton-Brown, J. Burke, M. Jones, M. L. Willliams

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As part of a European research program on greenhouse gas flux measurements from agricultural systems, a three year study of both CO2 and N2O fluxes from grassland soils has been established in Ireland. Results presented in this paper represent a preliminary exercise in the modelling of soil respiration.

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Net Ecosystem Productivity Of A Grassland In Comparison With An Arable And A Forest Ecosystem, Phillip A. Davis, K. Black, J. Clifton-Brown, G. Lanigan, J. Burke, A. Fortune, M. B. Jones, B. Osborne Jun 2023

Net Ecosystem Productivity Of A Grassland In Comparison With An Arable And A Forest Ecosystem, Phillip A. Davis, K. Black, J. Clifton-Brown, G. Lanigan, J. Burke, A. Fortune, M. B. Jones, B. Osborne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland, arable farming and forests are the major land use categories in Ireland and it is, therefore, important to know the carbon-source/sink strengths of these land use types. Forest ecosystems are also an important and fast growing land use category in Ireland. Here we present a comparison of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of these three land use categories (grass land, arable and forest) from three sites.

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Sources And Sinks Of Greenhouse Gases From European Grasslands And Mitigation Options: The ‘Greengrass’ Project, Jean-François Soussana, V. Allard, P. Ambus, C. Amman, P. Berbigier, C. Campbell, P. Cellier, E. Ceschia, P. Ciais, J. Clifton-Brown, S. Czóbel, R. Domingues, T. De Groot, R. Falcimagne, C. Flechard, J. Fuhrer, G. Gaborit, L. Horváth, A. Hensen, M. B. Jones, S. Jones, G. Kasper, K. Klumpp, P. Laville, C. Martin, C. Milford, Z. Nagy, A. Neftel, E. Nemitz, J. E. Olesen, A. Patterson, K. Pilegaard, A. Raschi, R. Rees, U. Skiba, P. Stefani, S. Salètes, P. Smith, M. A. Sutton, Z. Tuba, A. Van Amstel, A. Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, M. Wattenbach, T. Wedinger Jun 2023

Sources And Sinks Of Greenhouse Gases From European Grasslands And Mitigation Options: The ‘Greengrass’ Project, Jean-François Soussana, V. Allard, P. Ambus, C. Amman, P. Berbigier, C. Campbell, P. Cellier, E. Ceschia, P. Ciais, J. Clifton-Brown, S. Czóbel, R. Domingues, T. De Groot, R. Falcimagne, C. Flechard, J. Fuhrer, G. Gaborit, L. Horváth, A. Hensen, M. B. Jones, S. Jones, G. Kasper, K. Klumpp, P. Laville, C. Martin, C. Milford, Z. Nagy, A. Neftel, E. Nemitz, J. E. Olesen, A. Patterson, K. Pilegaard, A. Raschi, R. Rees, U. Skiba, P. Stefani, S. Salètes, P. Smith, M. A. Sutton, Z. Tuba, A. Van Amstel, A. Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, M. Wattenbach, T. Wedinger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Adapting the management of grasslands may be used to enhance carbon sequestration into soil, but could also increase N2O and CH4 emissions. In support of the European post-Kyoto policy, the European 'GreenGrass' project (EC FP5, EVK2-CT2001-00105) has three main objectives: i) to reduce the large uncertainties concerning the estimates of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes to and from grassland plots under different climatic conditions and assess their global warming potential, ii) to measure net greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes for different management which reflect potential mitigation options, iii) to construct a model of …

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Production And Plant Density Of Sulla Grazed By Sheep At Three Growth Stages, H. Krishna, Peter D. Kemp Jun 2023

Production And Plant Density Of Sulla Grazed By Sheep At Three Growth Stages, H. Krishna, Peter D. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sulla is one of the few temperate forage legumes that contain enough condensed tannins to improve the efficiency with which livestock use protein (Marshall et al. 1979). However, it usually is productive only for approximately 14 months in New Zealand, and little is known of its response to grazing. This paper reports on the production and persistence of Sulla cv. Necton, when using growth stage as the criterion for time of grazing by sheep in a maritime, temperate environment.

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Sward Composition, Forage Yield, And Grazing Effects In Kura Clover And Grass Mixtures, Peter Jeranyama, Richard Leep, Tim Dietz, D. Min Jun 2023

Sward Composition, Forage Yield, And Grazing Effects In Kura Clover And Grass Mixtures, Peter Jeranyama, Richard Leep, Tim Dietz, D. Min

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rotational stocking on mixed pastures of cool season grasses (C3) and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) can be a sustainable way to reduce cattle feed costs. Kura clover is a long-lived rhizomatous perennial legume of good forage quality under grazing. However, the suitability of diverse grass species in binary mixtures with kura clover has not been reported extensively. This experiment aimed to evaluate sward composition, forage dry matter yield, and post-grazing residue in mixed kura clover and C3 grass pastures.

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Metabolic Profiling Of Heathland Plants In The Diet Of Sheep, Gordon G. Allison, Mariecia D. Fraser, J. M. Moorby, J. Kopka, A. Erban, Vince J. Theobald Jun 2023

Metabolic Profiling Of Heathland Plants In The Diet Of Sheep, Gordon G. Allison, Mariecia D. Fraser, J. M. Moorby, J. Kopka, A. Erban, Vince J. Theobald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little is known about how plant biochemistry influences the grazing behaviour of animals grazing heterogeneous vegetation communities. Furthermore, most biochemical profiles of grassland species are restricted to major nutritional characteristics. Recent developments in analytical techniques have made possible the detailed analysis of minor components, which can potentially affect animal feeding preferences, performance and health. Gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectroscopy (GC/TOF-MS) coupled with automated library annotation is ideally suited to the acquisition of detailed metabolite profiles of plant extracts (Wagner et al., 2003) and can be applied to other matrices such as blood and faeces. In this study GC/TOF-MS …

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Grazing Behaviour And Selection Of Browse Species By Cattle, Sheep And Goats On Natural Pasture In The Sahelian Zone Of Burkina Faso, H. O. Sanon, C. Zoungrana-Kabore, I. Ledin Jun 2023

Grazing Behaviour And Selection Of Browse Species By Cattle, Sheep And Goats On Natural Pasture In The Sahelian Zone Of Burkina Faso, H. O. Sanon, C. Zoungrana-Kabore, I. Ledin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pastures in semi-arid countries, are subject to seasonal variability. Browse species that are less dependent on rainfall, are highly valued. Goats are browsers, while cattle and sheep are grazers. However, faced with a scarcity of feed resources, especially in the late dry season, all animal species fall back on browse species. The objective of this study was to estimate feeding behaviour and browse species utilisation by cattle, sheep and goats on natural pasture in different seasons, and concurrently appreciate the indigenous knowledge on browse species in the study area.

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Seasonal Variation Of Taproot Biomass And N Content Of Lucerne Crops Under Contrasting Grazing Frequencies, E. I. Teixeira, D. J. Moot, H. E. Brown, M. Mickelbart Jun 2023

Seasonal Variation Of Taproot Biomass And N Content Of Lucerne Crops Under Contrasting Grazing Frequencies, E. I. Teixeira, D. J. Moot, H. E. Brown, M. Mickelbart

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Taproot nitrogen reserves (TN, kg N/ha) a function of N concentration within taproots (N%) and taproot biomass (TBM) are a major determinant of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) growth rates after defoliation and in early-spring (Avice et al., 1997b). Several studies have shown that N% changes with seasons (Cunninghan & Volenec, 1998) and defoliation frequencies (Avice et al., 1997a). However the seasonal pattern of TBM deserves further investigation as the dynamics of root reserves is a weak point in lucerne simulation models (Confalonieri & Bechini, 2004). The objective of this experiment was to assess the seasonal variation in …

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Herbage Accumulation And Vegetation Structure In Tanzâniagrass (Panicum Maximum, Jacq. Cv Tanzania) Pasture Submitted To Regime Of Intermittent Stocking, Ana C. Ruggieri, Carlos A. M. Gomide, Estella R. Janusckiewicz, E. D. Contato, R. A. Reis Jun 2023

Herbage Accumulation And Vegetation Structure In Tanzâniagrass (Panicum Maximum, Jacq. Cv Tanzania) Pasture Submitted To Regime Of Intermittent Stocking, Ana C. Ruggieri, Carlos A. M. Gomide, Estella R. Janusckiewicz, E. D. Contato, R. A. Reis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Knowledge of pasture structure characteristics such as height, tillering density, leaf area index (LAI) and herbage mass (HM), together with growth rates and forage accumulation, can become important tools to indicate improvements to the production system. This experiment evaluated the structural and productive characteristics and persistence of a Tanzaniagrass pasture.

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Dormant-Season Carbon Fluxes In Humid-Temperate Pastures, Howard Skinner Jun 2023

Dormant-Season Carbon Fluxes In Humid-Temperate Pastures, Howard Skinner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Human induced increases in atmospheric CO2 through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are considered to be a primary cause of rising global temperatures. However, carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems has reduced the rate of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Because of their vast size, grazing lands have the potential to sequester significant quantities of carbon, slowing the increase in atmospheric CO2 and reducing the risk of global warming. Although C uptake during the growing season can be substantial, losses following defoliation and drought, and during the winter months can significantly reduce annual sequestration, frequently turning …

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Impact Of Climate Change On Potential Distribution And Relative Abundance Of The Migratory Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) In The Prairie Ecosystem Of Canada, Owen Olfert, R. Weiss Jun 2023

Impact Of Climate Change On Potential Distribution And Relative Abundance Of The Migratory Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) In The Prairie Ecosystem Of Canada, Owen Olfert, R. Weiss

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate is the dominant force determining the distribution and abundance of most insect pest species. There has been considerable concern in recent years about climatic warming caused by human activities and the affects of these changes on agriculture in North America. Warming conditions may affect insect populations by altering timing of emergence, increased growth and development rates, shorter generation times and reduced overwintering mortality (McCarthy et al. 2001). Given that the magnitude of predicted temperature change associated with global warming is beyond the historical experience of modern agriculture computer models are one method by which researchers can study the possible …

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The Effect Of Legume/Grass Pasture On Soil Organic Carbon, Z. Kadziuliene, Alvyra Slepetiene Jun 2023

The Effect Of Legume/Grass Pasture On Soil Organic Carbon, Z. Kadziuliene, Alvyra Slepetiene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil organic carbon content is an important integral indicator of soil fertility. The extent at which the soil can sequestrate carbon depends on the nature of agricultural production, land use and soil type (Follet, 2001). More than two thirds of the annual grassland biomass production is allocated to below ground structures and deep humus layers are common in grassland (Körner, 2002). Grasslands differ markedly in species composition, utilisation purpose, fertilisation and this can significantly change their effect on soil organic content (Hassink & Neeteson, 1991). The objective of study was to estimate changes in the soil organic carbon content and …

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A Systems Approach To Managing Greenhouse Gases On New Zealand Sheep And Beef Farms, M. G. Lambert, H. Clark Jun 2023

A Systems Approach To Managing Greenhouse Gases On New Zealand Sheep And Beef Farms, M. G. Lambert, H. Clark

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agriculture contributes more than 50% of New Zealand's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly through release of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from pastoral farms. Decisions on implementation of mitigation strategies will be made by individual farmers, who seek also to maintain financial performance in the face of declining terms of trade for commodities, hence leading to pressure to further intensify production. New Zealand (NZ) sheep & beef farms are typically hill country properties with a mixture of steep and easier topography, and year-round grazing of mainly permanent pastures. Specific GHG mitigation technologies will be difficult …

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