Plant Sciences Commons^™

Woody Ornamental Disease Management Research Reports 2024, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Extension Publications

No abstract provided.

Watch Out For Putnam Scale, Diaspidiotus Ancylus, Alfred Daniel Johnson, Muhammad Ahmed,, Karla . M. Addesso

Extension Publications

No abstract provided.

Vascular Streak Dieback An Emerging Threat To The Redbud Nursery Production In The Southeastern United States, Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Prabha Liyanapathiranage

Extension Publications

No abstract provided.

A Modified Delphi Study On Boxwood Blight Disease Management In The Us Nursery Industry, Bhawana Ghimire, Kumuditha Hikkaduwa Epa Liyanage, Charlie Hall, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Boxwood is one of the most popular evergreen shrubs in the United States, the production of which is currently challenged by boxwood blight, an emerging threat that has spread across 30 states. A thorough understanding of boxwood production, plant health, management practices and economic impact could aid in answering the needs of the nursery industry in managing this disease. An online modified Delphi survey was conducted to identify grower perceptions on processes, programs, and practices to limit or prevent the entry and spread of boxwood blight disease. The expert panel consisted of 29 nursery producers who represented a significant portion …

Regulation Of Cora, The Magnesium, Nickel, Cobalt Transporter, And Its Role In The Virulence Of The Soft Rot Pathogen, Pectobacterium Versatile Strain Ecc71, Caleb M. Kersey, Korsi Dumenyo

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Pectobacterium versatile (formally P. carotovorum) causes disease on diverse plant species by synthesizing and secreting copious amount of plant-cell-wall-degrading exoenzymes including pectate lyases, polygalacturonases, cellulases, and proteases. Exoenzyme production and virulence are controlled by many factors of bacterial, host, and environmental origin. The ion channel forming the magnesium, nickel, and cobalt transporter CorA is required for exoenzyme production and full virulence in strain Ecc71. We investigated CorA’s role as a virulence factor and its expression in P. versatile. Inhibiting the transport function of CorA by growing a CorA+ strain in the presence of specific CorA inhibitor, cobalt (III) hexaammine (Co …

Nutrient Resorption And Stoichiometric Characteristics Of Wuyi Rock Tea Cultivars, Dehuang Zhu, Suhong Peng, Wenzhen Liu, Shengjie Yu, Dafeng Hui

Biology Faculty Research

Nutrient resorption is an important strategy for plants to retain critical nutrients from senesced leaves and plays important roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem productivity. As a main economic crop and soil and water conservation species, Wuyi Rock tea has been widely planted in Fujian Province, China. However, foliar nutrient resorptions of Wuyi Rock tea cultivars have not been well quantified. In this study, three Wuyi Rock tea cultivars (Wuyi Jingui, Wuyi Rougui, and Wuyi Shuixian) were selected in the Wuyishan National Soil and Water Conservation, Science and Technology Demonstration Park. Resorption efficiencies of nitrogen (NRE), phosphorus (PRE), and potassium …

Woody Ornamental Disease Management Research Reports 2023, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Extension Publications

No abstract provided.

Elephant Mosquitos, Toxorhynchites Rutlius, And Their Potential Use As A Biological Control, Aubree Morrison, Jason Oliver, Karla Addesso

Extension Publications

No abstract provided.

Snp Genotyping For Purity Assessment Of A Forage Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Variety From Colombia, Luis Fernando Campuzano-Duque, Diego Bejarano-Garavito, Javier Castillo-Sierra, Daniel Ricardo Torres-Cuesta, Andrés J. Cortés, Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have multiple applications in plant breeding of small grains. They are used for the selection of divergent parents, the identification of genetic variants and marker-assisted selection. However, the use of SNPs in varietal purity assessment is under-reported, especially for multi-line varieties from the public sector. In the case of variety evaluation, these genetic markers are tools for maintaining varietal distinctness, uniformity and stability needed for cultivar release of multi-line or pure-line varieties of inbred crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the purity and relationships of one original (AV-25) and two multi-line sub-populations …

Efficacy And Timing Of Application Of Fungicides, Biofungicides, Host-Plant Defense Inducers, And Fertilizer To Control Phytophthora Root Rot Of Flowering Dogwoods In Simulated Flooding Conditions In Container Production, Krishna Neupane, Bhawana Ghimire, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is one of the major diseases of flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.). The severity of root rot disease increases when the plants are exposed to flooding conditions. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy and timing of application of different fungicides, biofungicides, host plant defense inducers, and fertilizer to manage Phytophthora root rot in month-old seedlings in simulated flooding events for 1-, 3-, and 7- days. Preventative treatments were drench applied 3 weeks and 1 week before flooding whereas curative treatments were applied 24 hrs. after flooding. Dogwood seedlings were inoculated …

Influence Of Citrate And Phosphate On The Adsorption Of Adenosine-5′-Monophosphate At The Hematite Water Interface, Sudipta Rakshit, Avedananda Ray, Ali Taheri, Michael E. Essington

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Nucleic acid derived organic phosphorus (Po) is an important source of plant available P when degraded to inorganic phosphate (P(V)i). It is known that when nucleic acids or components are adsorbed on mineral surfaces, the enzymatic degradation is hindered or delayed. Thus, understanding adsorption/desorption mechanisms of nucleic acids and their derivatives are key to assess the biogeochemical pathways of Po cycling. Here we report adsorption mechanisms of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) on hematite, a common iron oxide mineral, under various solution properties using macroscopic and in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic probes. The effects of citrate, mimicking organic …

Editorial: Accelerating Genetic Gains In Pulses, Aditya Pratap, Shiv Kumar, Patricia L. Polowick, Matthew W. Blair, Michael Baum

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Solitary And Combined Use Of Cover Crops On Soilborne Disease Suppressiveness In Woody Ornamental Nursery Production Systems, Madhav Parajuli, Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Milan Panth

Student Research

Cover crops are known to be effective in reducing soilborne diseases in woody ornamentals. However, it remains unknown how solitary and combined uses of cover crops influence soilborne disease, and whether these effects differ with seed rate. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of cover crops, in solitary and combined use, on soilborne disease suppressiveness in woody ornamental nursery production systems. Soils were sampled from the established red maple (Acer rubrum L.) plantation grown with and without cover crops [crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] or triticale (× Triticosecale W.) or (their mixture)] following the cover crop …

Influence Of Soil And Foliar Application Of Fulvic Acid On Yield Parameters Of Organically Grown Bell Peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) Under Open-Field Conditions In Tennessee, Pinkky Kanabar, Dilip Nandwani

Student Research

Due to increased demand for healthier fresh produce by consumers, growers are seeking for environmental friendlier techniques to improve sustainability and profitability in organic vegetable production. The use of fulvic acid biostimulant coupled with different mode of application can contribute to enhanced plant growth and high-quality yield. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the organic farm of Tennessee State University in summer 2021. The influence of foliar and soil application of fulvic acid biostimulant on yield of organically grown bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) was investigated. Transplants were raised from organic …

Effect Of Winter Canola Cultivar On Seed Yield, Oil, And Protein Content, Kyle D. Mcgeary, Jason P. De Koff, Bharat Pokharel, Richard Link, Priya Saini, Taqdeer Gill

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) production has increased in the United States over the past several decades; however, there is little research in the southeastern United States on its agronomic production and growth characteristics under different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of N rates on winter mortality, yield, oil and protein content, and seedpod shatter resistance across cultivars. Canola was grown in a randomized split complete block design with four replicates under five different N rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha−1) with four different cultivars (Hekip, Inspiration, …

A Rulebook For Peptide Control Of Legume–Microbe Endosymbioses, Sonali Roy, Lena Maria Müller

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Plants engage in mutually beneficial relationships with microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, for optimized nutrient acquisition. In return, the microbial symbionts receive photosynthetic carbon from the plant. Both symbioses are regulated by the plant nutrient status, indicating the existence of signaling pathways that allow the host to fine-tune its interactions with the beneficial microbes depending on its nutrient requirements. Peptide hormones coordinate a plethora of developmental and physiological processes and, recently, various peptide families have gained special attention as systemic and local regulators of plant–microbe interactions and nutrient homeostasis. In this review, we identify five 'rules' …

Carbon-Sensitive Pedotransfer Functions For Plant Available Water, Dianna K. Bagnall, Cristine L. S. Morgan, Michael Cope, Gregory M. Bean, Shannon Cappellazzi, Kelsey Greub, Daniel Liptzin, Charlotte L. Norris, Elizabeth Rieke, Paul Tracy, Ezra Aberle, Amanda Ashworth, Oscar Bañuelos Tavarez, Andy Bary, Roland Louis Baumhardt, Alberto Borbón Gracia, Daniel Brainard, Jameson Brennan, Dolores Briones Reyes, Darren Bruhjell, Cameron Carlyle, James Crawford, Cody Creech, Steven Culman, William Deen, Curtis Dell, Justin Derner, Thomas Ducey, Sjoerd Willem Duiker, Miles Dyck, Benjamin Ellert, Martin Entz, Avelino Espinosa Solorio, Steven J. Fonte, Simon Fonteyne, Ann-Marie Fortuna, Jamie Foster, Lisa Fultz, Audrey V. Gamble, Charles Geddes, Deirdre Griffin-Lahue, John Grove, Stephen K. Hamilton, Xiying Hao, ‪Zachary D. Hayden, Julie Howe, James Ippolito, Gregg Johnson, Mark Kautz, Newell Kitchen, Sandeep Kumar, Kirsten Kurtz, Francis Larney, Katie Lewis, Matt Liebman, Antonio Lopez Ramirez, Stephen Machado, Bijesh Maharjan, Miguel Angel Martinez Gamiño, William May, Mitchel Mcclaran, Marshall Mcdaniel, Neville Millar, Jeffrey P. Mitchell, Philip A. Moore, Amber Moore, Manuel Mora Gutiérrez, Kelly A. Nelson, Emmanuel Omondi, Shannon Osborne, Leodegario Osorio Alcalá, Philip Owens, Eugenia M. Pena-Yewtukhiw, Hanna Poffenbarger, Brenda Ponce Lira, Jennifer Reeve, Timothy Reinbott, Mark Reiter, Edwin Ritchey, Kraig L. Roozeboom, Ichao Rui, Amir Sadeghpour, Upendra M. Sainju, Gregg Sanford, William Schillinger, Robert R. Schindelbeck, Meagan Schipanski, Alan Schlegel, Kate Scow, Lucretia Sherrod, Sudeep Sidhu, Ernesto Solís Moya, Mervin St. Luce, Jeffrey Strock, Andrew Suyker, Virginia Sykes, Haiying Tao, Alberto Trujillo, Laura L. Van Eerd, Nele Verhulst, Tony John Vyn, Yutao Wang, Dexter Watts, David Wright, Tiequan Zhang, Charles Wayne Honeycutt

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Currently accepted pedotransfer functions show negligible effect of management-induced changes to soil organic carbon (SOC) on plant available water holding capacity (θAWHC), while some studies show the ability to substantially increase θAWHC through management. The Soil Health Institute's North America Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements measured water content at field capacity using intact soil cores across 124 long-term research sites that contained increases in SOC as a result of management treatments such as reduced tillage and cover cropping. Pedotransfer functions were created for volumetric water content at field capacity (θFC) and permanent wilting point (θPWP). New pedotransfer functions had …

Effect Of Mulch Type And Depth On Rooting Of Stem Cuttings And Weed Control In Containers, Isha Poudel, Anthony L. Witcher

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Weeds are a major problem in cutting propagation and compete with the main crop for water, sunlight, and nutrients, thus reducing growth and marketable quality of rooted cuttings. Due to the high labor cost of hand weeding, mulches can be an alternative method for weed control in the propagation environment. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of mulches (coarse vermiculite, rice hulls, paper pellets, and pine pellets) on rooting of stem cuttings and weed control when applied at 0.5- and 1-inch depths. Cuttings of three plant species [‘Nanho Blue’ butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii), ‘Catawba’ …

Using Single Cell Type Proteomics To Identify Al-Induced Proteomes In Outer Layer Cells And Interior Tissues In The Apical Meristem/Cell Division Regions Of Tomato Root-Tips, Jesse Potts, Hui Li, Yaoguo Qin, Xingbo Wu, Dafeng Hui, Kamal Al Nasr, Suping Zhou, Yang Yong, Tara Fish, Jiping Liu, Theodore W. Thannhauser

Biology Faculty Research

Aluminum (Al) toxicity primarily targets the root tips, inhibiting root growth and function and leading to crop yield losses on acidic soils. Previously we reported using laser capture microdissection (LCM) proteomics to identify Al-induced proteins in the outer layer cells in the transitional zone of tomato root-tips. This study aims to further characterize Al-induced proteomic dynamics from the outer to interior tissues, thus providing a panoramic view reflecting Al resistance in the root tip as a whole in tomatoes. Three types of cells were isolated via LCM from the basal 350–400 μm (below cell elongation regions) of root tips using …

Application Of Synthetic Peptide Cep1 Increases Nutrient Uptake Rates Along Plant Roots, Sonali Roy, Marcus Griffiths, Ivone Torres-Jerez, Bailey Sanchez, Elizabeth Antonelli, Divya Jain, Nicholas Krom, Shulan Zhang, Larry M. York, Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible, Michael Udvardi

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The root system of a plant provides vital functions including resource uptake, storage, and anchorage in soil. The uptake of macro-nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulphur (S) from the soil is critical for plant growth and development. Small signaling peptide (SSP) hormones are best known as potent regulators of plant growth and development with a few also known to have specialized roles in macronutrient utilization. Here we describe a high throughput phenotyping platform for testing SSP effects on root uptake of multiple nutrients. The SSP, CEP1 (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) enhanced nitrate uptake rate per unit root …

Bases For The Establishment Of Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora) As A New Crop For Colombia, Luis F. Campuzano-Duque, Juan Carlos Herrera, Claire Ged, Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Robusta coffee (C. canephora) covers 36% of world coffee production and has strategic relevance as a beverage that it is produced by thousands of small-scale producers around the world. Although mainly grown in Africa and Asia as opposed to Latin America, this situation is changing. Colombia is recognized as a producer of high-quality Arabica (C. arabica L.) coffee, however we argue that Robusta represents a great economic opportunity for small scale producers, for the industrialization of new products and for emerging coffee chains. Therefore, the objective of this review is to outline the agronomic value of Robusta coffee as a …

Identification And Genetic Characterization Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Syringae From Sweet Cherry In Turkey, Cansu Oksel, Farhat A. Avin, Mustafa Mirik, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), which causes bacterial canker, is the most polyphagous bacterium in the P. syringae complex due to its broad host range. This pathogen is considered the major bacterial disease in cherry orchards. In this study, several samples were collected from infected sweet cherry trees in different locations of the Marmara region in Turkey between 2016-2018. Sixty-three isolates were identified as Pss by pathogenicity, LOPAT, GATTa, and MALDI-TOF MS tests. Total genomic DNA was extracted to confirm identity, followed by PCR amplification of syrB and cfl genes. Out of 63 isolates, 12 were randomly selected for Repetitive …

Relationship Of Cultivated Grain Amaranth Species And Wild Relative Accessions, Ranjita Thapa, Matthew Edwards, Matthew W. Blair

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Amaranthus is a genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants, and three New World species have been domesticated to produce grain crops with light colored seed which are classified as pseudo-cereals rich in protein and minerals. A core collection of grain amaranths and immediate precursor species has been established, representing the closest related species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in that collection of cultivated and wild species, using competitive allele single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A secondary objective was to determine the relationships among the three cultivated species and non-domesticated Amaranthus, while a third objective was …

Automatic Identification And Monitoring Of Plant Diseases Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Review, Krishna Neupane, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Disease diagnosis is one of the major tasks for increasing food production in agriculture. Although precision agriculture (PA) takes less time and provides a more precise application of agricultural activities, the detection of disease using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is a challenging task. Several Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and sensors have been used for this purpose. The UAVs’ platforms and their peripherals have their own limitations in accurately diagnosing plant diseases. Several types of image processing software are available for vignetting and orthorectification. The training and validation of datasets are important characteristics of data analysis. Currently, different algorithms and …

Identification Of Bacterial Wilt (Erwinia Tracheiphila) Resistances In Usda Melon Collection, Bimala Acharya, Lucas Mackasmiel, Ali Taheri, Christine A. Ondzighi-Assoume, Yiqun Weng, C. Korsi Dumenyo

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Erwinia tracheiphila (Et.), is an important disease in melon (Cucumis melo L.). BW-resistant commercial melon varieties are not widely available. There are also no effective pathogen-based disease management strategies as BW-infected plants ultimately die. The purpose of this study is to identify BW-resistant melon accessions in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) collection. We tested 118 melon accessions in two inoculation trials under controlled environments. Four-week-old seedlings of test materials were mechanically inoculated with the fluorescently (GFP) labeled or unlabeled E. tracheiphila strain, Hca1-5N. We recorded the number of days to …

Effect Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Selected Bacterial Endophytes In Promoting Plant Growth, Asha Maheshwari, Margaret T. Mmbaga, Bandana Bhusal, Christine A. Ondzighi-Assoume

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Bacterial endophytes selected for their capability to suppress diverse fungal pathogens in vitro and in greenhouse studies have been shown to promote plant growth. The effect of volatile compounds emitted by selected bacteria on plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) was evaluated on container-grown plants nested above bacterial cultures, with roots exposed to the volatiles without direct contact between bacterial cells and the plant roots. Significant increases in plant growth were observed in plant height, root length, leaf size, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content in all plants tested. Although diverse …

Organic And Conventional Sweetpotato Production In The Southeastern Of United States: A Comparative Analysis, Sochinwechi Nwosisi, Prabodh Illukpitiya, Dilip Nandwani, Ismail Tubosun Arebi, Obinna Nwosisi

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Background

There has been a piqued interest in alternative agricultural production systems that are environmentally friendly due to concerns on how sustainable it is to grow conventionally. However, in the producer’s point of view, economic returns are an important issue in decision-making in adaptation. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic risk of conventional and organic sweetpotato production in the Southeastern US. The primary and secondary data were used for the analysis. We identified risk variables in stochastic profit function and performed Monte Carlo simulation in analyzing profitability and economic risk of conventional and organic production systems. …

Response Of Cover Crops To Phytopythium Vexans, Phytophthora Nicotianae, And Rhizoctonia Solani, Major Soilborne Pathogens Of Woody Ornamentals, Milan Panth, Anthony L. Witcher, Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Management of plant diseases is a subject of concern for researchers as well as growers. Different management practices are being developed and used to combat the rising number of plant pathogens, which threaten nursery crop production. Use of cover crops for sustainable management of soilborne diseases is being explored as an alternative strategy to the chemicals. However, the potential threat of these cover crops acting as a secondary host of these devastating soilborne pathogens has not been described. We studied the response of the major cover crops being used by woody ornamental growers in the Southeastern United States to Phytopythium …

The Effects Of Tunnel Technology On Crop Productivity And Livelihood Of Smallholder Farmers In Nepal, Diwakar Kc, Dinesh Jamarkattel, Tek Maraseni, Dilip Nandwani, Pratibha Karki

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Technologies-based production practices are critical for agricultural growth and sustainable development in low-income countries like Nepal. In the last few years, tunnel house has been increasingly promoted as tools to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihood and tackle climate adversaries. However, little is known about what factor determines its adoption and whether it helps smallholders adapt to climate change and experience better livelihood. We address these gaps using the cross-sectional survey data collected from 62 adopters and 92 non-adopters in three municipalities of Bagmati Province. We employed descriptive analysis and probit model and found out that age, farm size, and ethnicity strongly …

Editorial: Amaranthus: Naturally Stress-Resistant Resources For Improved Agriculture And Human Health, Chance W. Riggins, Ana Paulina Barba De La Rosa, Matthew W. Blair, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.