Exercise Physiology Commons^™

High And Low Active Inbred Mice Do Not Show Differential Expression In Potential Candidate Genes Associated With Voluntary Physical Activity, Michelle J. Dawes, David P. Ferguson, Greeshma S. Prabhu, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical inactivity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease, obesity, type II diabetes and some types of cancers. Studies have shown that genetics play a significant role in the regulation of voluntary physical activity. However, these studies involve ad libitum access to wheel running, which may cause confounded results due to a training effect, especially in inherently high active animals. This study investigated the levels of gene expression of four potential candidate genes that have been noted to be expressed differentially between high and low active animals: Myostatin (Mstn), Calsequestrin 1 (Casq1), Glucose Transporter member 4 ( …

Effects Of Negative Ion Energy Bands On Peak Anaerobic Capacity & Recovery, Kai Holtz, Kevin H. Kendrick Ph. D., John D. Smtih Ph. D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effects of Negative Ion Energy Bands on Peak Anaerobic Capacity & Recovery

Kai Holtz, Kevin H. Kendrick, Ph. D., and John D. Smith, Ph. D.

Texas A&M University - San Antonio

Undergraduate

PURPOSE: To study the effects of a commercially available negative ion “energy band” on peak anaerobic capacity and recovery.

METHODS: Twenty one participants (age = 28.2 + 5.2 yrs, ht = 172.1 + 1.0 cm, wt = 83.3 + 17.5 kg) completed two, 30-sec Wingate trials on a Monark 817E cycle ergometer while wearing either a True Power™ Energy Band (TB) (True Power LLC) or silver …

Association Between Anthropometrics, Vertical Jump And Broad Jump To Pure And Transitional Acceleration In Junior College Baseball Players, Casey J. Bollier, Bryan Alexander, A. Eugene Coleman, A. Hatton, Chris Seponski, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sprint acceleration is a key physical attribute in baseball players that can be characterized by two phases: pure (PURE) and transitional (TRANS) acceleration. In a linear sprint, PURE occurs from the initiation of movement to approximately 15-meters; TRANS acceleration occurs from approximately 15-meters until an athlete reaches top velocity. Since baseball fields are clearly marked at 13.7m (foul-line) and 27.4m (1^st base), acceleration can be determined in a sports-specific environment and these data may be helpful in characterizing player success. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anthropometrics, vertical, and broad jump ability to …

Effects Of Voluntary Resistance Exercise Training During Recovery From Hindlimb Unloading On Rat Gastrocnemius Muscle, Jacqueline I. Perticone, Kevin L. Shimkus, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

As research continues to examine the deleterious impact of long-duration spaceflight on human muscle mass and function, there remain gaps in our knowledge of muscle physiology, especially in examining how muscle’s ability to recover or rehabilitate from unloading may alter the results of multiple exposures to microgravity followed by 1g recovery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance exercise training of gastrocnemius muscle mass and anabolism during the initial recovery period immediately following a bout of unloading, as well as to examine the role that exercise may have on a subsequent period of weightlessness. This …

Neuromuscular Responses During Knee Extension Exercise In Combination With Different Blood Flow Restriction Initial Pressures, Jose A. Leal Jr., Sonio D. Garcia, Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Specifications of blood flow restriction training technique have been widely discussed to create a valid and reliable protocol. One of the unexplored variables is the effect of different initial restrictive pressures (tightness of cuffs, IRP) in combination with resistance exercise on neuromuscular responses and strength.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine any differences in amplitude (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) of electromyography (EMG) signals, as well as changes in strength during knee extension exercises with IRPs of 40-45 mmHg and 60-65 mmHg. METHODS: Twenty male subjects (age = 25.7 ± 4.3 yrs), participated in this study. They …

Comparison Of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Oxygen Saturation Responses Between Genders, Sonio D. Garcia, Jose A. Leal, Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Special attention should be given to subcutaneous thigh fat accrual and its impact on the amount of skeletal muscle blood flow and accumulation when using different initial restrictive pressure (IRP) during blood flow restriction (BFR) training. Due to different patterns of fat distribution and deposition in males and females, it is important to test the effects of subcutaneous fat on tissue oxygenation and lactate production during exercises with BFR. PURPOSE: The present study investigated the importance of thigh subcutaneous fat as a variable that may be associated with affecting the magnitude of initial pressure (tightness of cuffs before inflation …

Exercise Ameliorates Disruption Of The Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex And Fibrosis In The Aging Rat Heart, Yang Lee, Jeffrey M. Hord, Hyo-Bum Kwak, Jong-Hee Kim, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is localized and integrated into the cell membrane. The DGC provides a mechanical link between the cellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In cardiac muscle, disruption of DGC might be involved in mediating cardiac remodeling that occurs with aging, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß). Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan closely related to the DGC component that binds to collagen. Decorin reduces fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-ß and myofibroblast formation. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that exercise training (ET) would alleviate age-related disruption of localization in DGC proteins (dystrophin, α-syntrophin, and …

Progressive Back Squats Increase Bone Density, Crystal Wong, Lon Kilgore

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis has affected over ten million people in the United States alone and 80% of those are women. Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease diagnosed by low bone mineral density (BMD) that has a densitometry value below one standard deviation from a specific sex and age reference value. Weight training for women is slowly becoming more popular; however, the female population is still somewhat skeptical of participating in free weight gyms. PURPOSE: By participating in an eleven week program of progressive back squats, the female subjects were able to learn proper techniques and benefits of one full …

Osteoblast Activity Is Diminished In Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Tyler J. Benson, Brandon Cherry, Steve Mifflin, Rhonda Prisby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) are used as a genetic model of essential hypertension. Reductions in cortical and cancellous bone mass and increased bone turnover have been observed in aged SHR vs. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, normotensive genetics controls. In addition, antihypertensive aids have been effective in improving bone parameters in hypertensive rats. Thus, the relation between hypertension and bone remodeling warrants further attention. The purpose of this study was to determine how acute (i.e., 9 weeks) hypertension effects bone remodeling parameters (i.e., osteoclast and osteoblast activity). Methods: Right femora from 14-week-old SHR (n=5) and WKY (n=4) rats were dissected, fixed in …

The Accuracy Of Pedometers In Lower-Limb Amputees, Gary Guerra, John Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: The Accuracy of Pedometers in Lower-Limb Amputees

Authors: Gary Guerra, John D. Smith Ph.D.

Laboratory & University: Human Performance Laboratory, Texas A&M University – San Antonio

First Author Classification: Master’s

The accuracy of the pedometer on lower limb amputees has yet to be explored. PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of pedometers in lower limb amputees. METHODS: Thirty-nine participants (age = 48.0±14.1 yrs, ht = 172.7±9.3 cm, wt = 76.2±14.8 kg) had their height and weight measured and were then fitted with a pedometer belt around the waistline at the hip. They were then fitted with three pedometers: …

Correlation Between Weight, Squat, Deadlift And Rowing Ergometer Times In Collegiate Rowers., Jared K. Mcathur, James K. Adair, Ali Boolani

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

“Correlation between weight, squat, deadlift and rowing ergometer times in collegiate rowers.”

Jared McArthur, James Kyle Adair, and Ali Boolani

Oklahoma City University

Oklahoma City University Human Performance Lab

Undergraduate

Abstract

Purpose; The purpose of the study is to determine a relationship between male rower’s ergometer time (ET) body weight (WT), height (HT), maximal Squat (SQ), and Dead Lift (DL) results.

Methodology; Subjects (N=16; HT= 185.34cm ±7.19; WT= 83.82kg ±8.06) were all male high performance athletes participating at the varsity level. All subjects participated in a 20-minute warm up on a Concept 2 rowing ergometer before participating in …

A Comparative Study Of The Energy Cost And Maneuverability For Pushers Of Two Pediatric Wheelchairs Designed For Use In Low Income Countries, Stormie R. Goodwin, Ruth Inwards, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A comparative study of the energy cost and maneuverability for pushers of two pediatric wheelchairs designed for use in low income countries.

Stormie Goodwin (undergraduate), Ruth Inwards (undergraduate), Karen Rispin

LeTourneau University-Wheels Project

Introduction

Many wheelchairs are donated to developing countries without proper consideration of physical, cultural, and social needs¹. Many children in wheelchairs around the world are unable to self-propel and are dependent on assistants to push their wheelchairs. Organizations designing wheelchairs for low-income countries are eager for outcomes research to inform design. We are performing a set of comparative tests on two pediatric wheelchairs designed for …

The Accuracy Of Non-Exercise Vo2max Prediction Equations In College Students, Vanesa De Santiago, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Accuracy of Non-Exercise VO₂max Prediction Equations in College students

Vanesa De Santiago, John D. Smith, Ph.D.

Human Performance Laboratory, Texas A&M University-San Antonio

Undergraduate

The non-exercising testing of VO₂max is a widely used method since it is inexpensive, practical and requires very little skill. The accuracy of non-exercise prediction equations, however, needs further examination. Purpose: To determine the accuracy of two non-exercise VO₂max prediction equations Methods: Forty-one participants (23 males and 18 females, age = 29.3±7 yrs, ht = 67.2±3.9 cm, wt = 85.1±23.5 kg, BMI = 28.9±6.0) successfully completed a …

Treadmill Running And Tower Climbing Resistance Exercise Mitigate Disuse Bone Loss In Mice Equally Well, Ramon Boudreaux, Corinne Metzger, Tiphaine Cecchini, Kaleigh A. Camp, Evelyn Yuen, Brandon R. Macias, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Harry A. Hogan, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ground-Based Model for Lunar Disuse Bone Loss

During spaceflight, astronauts are susceptible to decrements in bone mineral density. This suscetibility leaves astronauts at an increased risk of fracture and compromises their likelihood of repeat missions. Our ground-based Lunar model simulates disuse bone loss. Through our novel exercise regimens, we were able to mitigate losses seen by group members not exercised.

Injuries And Physical Limitations In Division I Female Collegiate Athletes, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The NCAA conducted research regarding incidence of injury among collegiate sports teams from 1988 to 2004. Although this study was comprehensive, more research is needed about female athletes, especially on major and chronic injuries and the limitations they pose on athletes in both the present and the future. PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of injury and current physical limitations between women’s soccer, volleyball, and softball. METHODS: A survey was given to 44 Division I female soccer, volleyball, and softball athletes to inquire about injury status and physical limitations. Minor and major injuries, as well as those requiring surgery were specified …

The International Journal Of Exercise Science: 2011 Year In Review, T. Scott Lyons, Jenny Hutchens, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

The International Journal of Exercise Science: 2011 Year in Review

Discriminating Between Copers And Those With Chronic Ankle Instability With Clinical Outcomes, Erik A. Wikstrom, Jessica Plante

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common consequence of lateral ankle sprains and a leading cause of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Despite a history of a lateral ankle sprain, there are some individuals (copers) who appear to have a mechanism that allows them to avoid recurrent lateral ankle sprains and giving way episodes. To date, research has identified differences in perceptual (e.g. self-assessed disability), mechanical (e.g. ligament laxity), and sensorimotor (e.g. balance) outcomes between copers and those with CAI. However, the vast majority of these outcomes are considered research and/or laboratory based and thus impractical for most clinicians to use …

Genetic Regulation Of Myofiber Hypertrophy?, Anna Thalacker-Mercer, Xiangqin Cui, Michael Stec, Edward Merritt, Marcas Bamman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Progressive, resistance exercise training (RT) induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, increases strength, power, and quality of muscle, and is potentially the most promising method to regenerate and re-grow muscle in populations suffering from involuntary atrophy. However, we have previously shown that there is a large degree of intersubject variability for myofiber hypertrophy in response to RT with adults having no response [-16μm2 (mean myofiber growth), Non], a modest response (1111μm2, Mod), or an extreme hypertrophic response (2475μm2, Xtr). Underlying mechanisms for this differential growth response are largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in …

Effect Of Treadmill Versus Elliptical Exercise On Calcaneal Stiffness Index Among College Age Females, Kelly Maloney, Sandie Walker, Stephanie M. Otto Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects many older individuals, resulting in a decrease in bone density. Involvement in impact loading sports has been associated with greater stiffness index (SI) of the calcaneus when compared to non-impact sports and abstinence from sports. However, comparisons between the effectiveness of impact and non-impact exercise equipment on calcaneal SI is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of treadmill versus elliptical exercise on calcaneal SI.

Daily Physical Activity And Bone Health Among High School Students, Stephanie M. Otto Ph.D., Don Morgan Ph.D., Richard S. Farley Ph.D., Jwa K. Kim Ph.D., Dana K. Fuller Ph.D., Jennifer L. Caputo Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With advancements in healthcare and public education, life expectancy is increasing and the prevalence of age related health conditions such as osteoporosis are rising. It is well known that children and adolescents who engage in healthy behaviors are more likely to carry those behaviors into adulthood. More specifically, children and adolescents who engage in weight bearing physical activity have higher bone density and are less likely to develop osteoporosis later in life. Furthermore, technology that measures daily physical activity is improving and individuals are interested in the amount of activity they and their children should participate in to remain healthy. …

Building Kayak Excellence: From The Adolescent To The Elite Athlete., Marco Vescovi M.D., Daniele Bronzini, Flavia Bruttini M.D., Antonio Mortara, Ioanna Nakou M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Building an athlete in order to reach his maximum possible performance is a long process which starts from infancy. The history of our interdisciplinary group ( medical doctors-trainers) is equally long. It started in the 80s with the cooperation of a medical doctor and a trainer. Over the years, the group has grown involving new trainers, former athletes, athletes and young doctors who share their own specific knowledge in order to individualize and promote the maximal performance of each single athlete, trying to keep them in optimal health and prevent typical injuries caused by overload.

Harvest Of The Ipsilateral Hamstrings Does Not Result In Tibial Internal Rotation Strength And Endurance Insufficiencies For Patients 12 To 36 Months Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Giampietro L. Vairo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ipsilateral hamstrings tendons harvest as a primary autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has become increasingly prevalent among orthopaedic surgeons. Though, limited evidence exists detailing ensuing knee joint performance capacity. Previous authors have reported that ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis (STG) harvest results in significant tibial internal rotation strength deficiencies for related patients (1,2). However, prior data in regards to this measure have been reported as absolute as opposed to relative indices of strength and have not produced endurance results. Therefore, our objective was to profile relative tibial internal rotation strength and endurance responses to STG harvest in ACL reconstructed …

Keynote And Symposia Titles

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Keynote and Symposia titles for the 2nd International eConference on Kinesiology and Integrated Physiology. Meeting was held between October 3-14, 2011 and can be found at: http://kinesiology.econferenceintl.com

The Effect Of Exercise Mode And Intensity Of Submaximal Physical Activities On Salivary Testosterone To Cortisol Ratio And Α-Amylase In Young Active Males, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Hoseyn Fatolahi, Mohammad Javad Rasaee, Maghsod Peeri, Roholah Babaei

International Journal of Exercise Science

We examined the effect of exercise intensity and mode on the acute responses of free testosterone to cortisol ratio and salivary α-amylase. We also evaluated the relationship between cortisol and salivary α-amylase. Ten healthy young active males participated voluntarily in this study in six single sessions. They exercised on a cycle ergo meter, treadmill, and elliptical instrument at intensities of 70% and 85% maximum heart rate for 25 minutes. Saliva samples were collected 5 minutes before and 5 minutes after each exercise session. No significant changes were observed for cortisol. Free testosterone to cortisol ratio increased during each exercise session …

Do Exergames Allow Children To Achieve Physical Activity Intensity Commensurate With National Guidelines?, Rachel Perron, Courtney Graham, Jamie Feldman, Rebecca Moffett, Eric E. Hall

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to determine if two popular exergames, Wii Fit™ and EA Sports Active™, both games for the Nintendo Wii™ console, help children achieve intensity consistent with recommended physical activity guidelines. Thirty children (19 males and 11 females, Mean age = 9.4 ± 1.8 years) participated in this study by playing each game during one research session. During the session participants wore a heart rate monitor and accelerometer to measure exercise intensity. Perceived exertion (RPE) was measured with the children’s run/walk OMNI scale. All three measures of exercise intensity (heart rate, accelerometer counts, and RPE) found …

Oxidative Stress Response To Short Duration Bout Of Submaximal Aerobic Exercise In Healthy Young Adults, Keith M. Diaz, Deborah L. Feairheller Phd, Kathleen M. Sturgeon, Sheara T. Williamson, Michael D. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress response to a short duration bout of submaximal exercise in a cohort of healthy young adults. 15 apparently healthy college age males and females completed a modified Bruce-protocol treadmill test to 75-80% of their heart rate reserve. Blood samples collected immediately before (pre-exercise), immediately after, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post-exercise were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide disumutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC). SOD activity was significantly increased from pre-exercise levels at 30 minutes (77%), 60 minutes (33%), and 120 minutes (37%) post-exercise. …

The Relationship Between Stride Rates, Lengths And Body Size And Their Affect On Elite Triathletes’ Running Performance During Competition, Grant J. Landers, Brian A. Blanksby, Timothy R. Ackland

International Journal of Exercise Science

Previous research has suggested that a degree of predictability exists in the relationship between self-selected running stride rates (SR) and stride lengths (SL) with measures of body size such as mass, height and limb lengths. Significant correlations have also been revealed between these body size measures and performance and between SL and performance. However, there is also evidence to suggest that triathlon performance may be related to maintaining a longer SL during the final run. Hence, the aim of this investigation was to examine whether there was any relationship between SR and SL, with body masses and heights of senior …

Repeated Sprint Performance In Male And Female College Athletes Matched For Vo2max Relative To Fat Free Mass, Amanda L. Mageean, Ryan P. Alexander, Constance M. Mier

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance among male and female athletes matched for VO2max relative to FFM (VO2max FFM). Thirty nine male and female college athletes performed a graded exercise test for VO2max and hydrostatic weighing to determine FFM. From the results, 11 pairs of males and females matched for VO2max FFM (mean ± SD; 58.3 ± 4.3 and 58.9 ± 4.6 ml.kg FFM-1.min-1; men and women, respectively) were identified. On a separate day, matched participants performed a RSE protocol that consisted of five 6-sec cycle sprints with 30-sec recovery …

Case Study On The Development Of The International Journal Of Exercise Science, Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

The International Journal of Exercise Science is a quarterly, online, open access publication dedicated to the dissemination of research in the areas of Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology, Human Performance, Kinesiology, and related disciplines. Dr. James W. Navalta and Dr. T. Scott Lyons (the author), both Associate Professors of Exercise Science at Western Kentucky University, are the founders of the International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES). IJES is a student-focused journal, in that the editors are specifically seeking research that is led by graduate or undergraduate students. Manuscripts submitted by professionals (defined as those holding a terminal degree) are also gladly …

Programming

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Programming for the II International Meeting in Exercise Physiology