Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Vascular Occlusion Training On Respiratory Quotient And Energy Expenditure When Coupled With Cardiovascular Training, Justin Sprick, Richard Lloyd Dr, James Eldridge Dr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pairing a vascular occlusion training protocol with a bout of cardiovascular training on substrate utilization and caloric expenditure in healthy adults. Methods: 5 healthy adults were recruited to report to the lab one day a week for the duration of two hours for four consecutive weeks. During the first session informed consent was collected, a VO2max test was performed, and a familiarization session with vascular occlusion training was conducted. The next three sessions were randomized for each subject but consisted of the following three protocols. During Protocol …

Comparison Of Ascending And Descending Pyramidal Loading Using The Bench Press, Joey R. Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individuals that weight train want to know the best way to accumulate a greater amount of volume in a workout to potentially increase muscle hypertrophy and strength. The distribution of the training load during a weight training session could be an important variable in determining total session training volume. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of load distribution on training volume over three weight training sets utilizing the bench press. We hypothesized that the descending load pyramidal (DP) scheme of distributing training load will produce greater training volumes than the opposite ascending load pyramidal (AP) scheme. …

Nursing With Eating, Activity, And Supportive Environment (Ease) : Effects Of An Eight-Week Mentoring Program, April V. Lane Hartmann, Laura Van Winkle-Preston, Peggy Mancuso, Gayle Roux, Shannon Scott, Nancy M. Dimarco

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Each year, approximately 2.8 million adults die from complications related to obesity (World Health Organization, 2011). One in three adults aged 20 years or older is obese, and 6% are morbidly obese. This problem is increasing at an alarming rate in young adults, and 20.5% of college students are classified as being overweight based upon their body mass index (BMI) (Adderley-Kelly, 2007). The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about evidence-based, effective interventions that will enable college-aged, pre-nursing students to attain physical and mental well-being. The participants (N=24) were freshman and sophomore pre-nursing majors who were randomized into …

Cost Of Rolling On Rough And Smooth Ground For Assistants Pushing The Motivation Rough Terrain And Whirlwind Roughrider Wheelchairs, Nicole Leman, Nathan Lowe, Anna G. Mcdonnel, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In less-resourced settings, powered wheelchairs are rarely available for users who cannot self-propel[1]. These users must rely on somebody, usually family members or friends, for assistance to push them across variable terrain[2]^,[3]. In situations where people with disabilities are grouped together, assistants may themselves be disabled. Provision of mobility for the wheelchair user may be a great physiological cost for the assistant. Objective outcomes measures can provide valuable feedback to manufacturers which can constructively influence wheelchair design modification^3,4. We hypothesized that measuring the energy cost for an assistant pushing two types of …

Using Curb And Figure-Eight Skills Tests To Compare Maneuverability Of The User Assistant Team In The Motivation Rough Terrain Wheelchair And The Whirlwind Roughrider Wheelchair, Emily Tutt, Anna Mcdonnel, Nicole Leman, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Some wheelchair users who cannot self-propel use powered chairs. In less-resourced settings powered chairs may not be available and users may rely on assistants to push them. In these environments, obstacles similar to curbs are common and living spaces are small^1,2. Efficiency and maneuverability are two key aspects of wheelchair performance in such settings¹ .Validated skills tests for measuring wheelchair performance over obstacles and in tight spaces include timed exercises involving curbs and figure-eight patterns³. We hypothesized that some chairs designed for less-resourced settings would be easier than others for assistants to push in …

The Effect Of Herbal Diet On Skeletal Muscle Mass After Resistance Training In Rats, Junyoung Hong, Kijeong Kim, Aram Yoon, Joon Young Park, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Resistance training has been well established as an effective strategy for muscle hypertrophy, increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Herbal diet has been introduced as an alternative treatment to alleviate muscle atrophy and therapeutic intervention. However, there is little evidence on the effect of herbal diet on skeletal muscle mass. To investigate whether herbal diet affects skeletal muscle mass after resistance training in rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) Control (CON, N=8), 2) Resistance training (RT, N=8), 3) RT+Herb (RTH, N=8). Resistance training was performed every other day for 8 weeks using ladder climbing. The …

Comparing Three Methods Of Measuring Skin Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment, Randall R. Williams, Adam S. Venable, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise in a hot, humid environment substantially increases the physiological stress of exercise. Most of the techniques that are currently used to monitor changes in skin temperature have been in use for more than 20 years with little innovation. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: 1) to compare three techniques for measuring skin temperature (wired skin electrode, wireless temperature data logger, and thermal imaging) and 2) to compare and contrast these measures in men and women completing 45-min of cycling in a hot (39±2°C), humid (45±5% RH) environment. The CPHS committee approved all procedures described in this report …

Deptor Expression Correlates With Muscle Protein Synthesis, Kevin L. Shimkus, Elyse V. Wudeck, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Mats I. Nilsson, Nicholas P. Greene, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has long been declared a focal point of muscle protein synthesis. mTORC1 (an mTOR complex consisting of mTOR, raptor, PRAS40, and mLST8) has been associated with regulation of protein translation in muscle, altering expression and activity levels of key downstream targets S6K1 and eIF-4E-BP1. mTORC1 has been shown to be affected by various stimuli, including nutritional status, growth factors, and mechanical loading. But in past incidents we have found disconnects in muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signaling, stimulating discussions that mTOR content and activation alone may not be able to fully account for muscle protein …

Validation Of Three Body Composition Techniques With A Comparison Of Ultrasound Abdominal Fat Depths Against An Octopolar Bioelectrical Impedance Device, Kelly E. Johnson, Ian A. Naccarato, Michelle A. Corder, Wendy Repovich

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 205-213, 2012. The aims of this study were to cross-validate three clinical-grade measures of body composition, using an octopolar Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), an ultrasound analyzer (US) and Air-Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) and second to compare the US scans of total abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral fat depths (mm) against the trunk percent fat (%BF) from the octopolar BIA. Twenty-six college-aged (22.9 ± 1.35 years) men (n = 18) and women (n = 8) volunteered to participate in this study. Body composition was assessed using BIA (total and by segments), ADP and US. In addition, total …

Effects Of Short Term Low Intensity Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction On Bone Markers And Muscle Cross-Sectional Area In Young Men, Sojung Kim, Vanessa D. Sherk, Michael G. Bemben, Debra A. Bemben

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 136-147, 2012. This study compared the effects of short term resistance training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on bone turnover markers and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) in young men (18-35 yrs). Subjects were randomly assigned to a BFR (20% 1RM) resistance training group (BFRT, n=10), a high intensity (80% 1RM) resistance training group (RT, n=10), or a BFR only group (BFR, n=10). Both BFRT and RT trained 3 days per week (2 sets, 10 repetitions) for 3 weeks for leg press, knee extension, and knee flexion isotonic exercises. BFR underwent the BFR …

Preliminary Analysis Of The Feasibility And Effectiveness Of Whole Body Vibration As A Therapeutic Intervention In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Kai Williams, Chris Goldstraw, Sheila Kellagher, Steven Tham, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle sarcopenia results in loss of strength, power and functional capabilities leading to decreased independence and an increased reliance on the healthcare system. Exercise is an effective countermeasure to age related loss of muscle, but may be difficult in elderly patients with complex functional limitations. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel tool used to stimulate the neuromuscular system; research indicates it may improve strength, power, and balance in many populations. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine if WBV training is feasible in a skilled nursing facility and if standard of care (SOC) with augmented WBV …

Timed Up-And-Go Scores Are Associated With Balance But Not Lower-Extremity Force Production In Elderly Skilled Nursing Facility Patients, Christopher Barnett, Kai Williams, Chris Goldstraw, Sheila Kellagher, Steven Tham, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aging is associated with numerous deleterious muscular, skeletal, and neurologic adaptations that may result in functional performance decrements. These decrements are accelerated during periods of unplanned physical inactivity (e.g. hospitalization). Reductions in gait velocity are well documented in the elderly and may result from fear of falling, poor balance, or inability to accelerate because of reduced ground reaction force capabilities. Purpose: To determine if timed up-and-go scores were related to balance or lower extremity force production in skilled nursing facility patients. Methods: Data were collected on 40 patients (77.1±1.4y; 164.2±1.7cm; 75.3±3.3 kg) in an inpatient skilled nursing facility. The 15 …

Pilot Study For Using Ecg In Pre-Participation Physical Exams In Collegiate Athletes, Bryan Ruiz, Matthew Massingill, Michael Cedeno, Jamie Cvikel, Steve Simpson, Joe Priest, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title[j1] : Pilot Study for Using ECG in Pre-participation Physical Exams in Collegiate Athletes

Authors: Bryan Ruiz, Mathew Massingill, Mike Cedeno, Steve Simpson, Joe Priest, Jennifer Blevins-McNaughton (Clinical Exercise Research Facility, Tarleton State University, masters)

Background and Purpose: Disagreement exists in the sports medicine field concerning the best way to recognize and prevent unexpected deaths in sports. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the extent to which using 12-lead ECG in pre-participation physical exams (PPE) meet diagnostic criteria for sudden cardiac death.

Methods: Twenty-seven (N = 27) Division II athletes ages …

Pilot Study For Pre-Existing Conditions In Pre-Participation Physical Exams In Collegiate Athletes, Matthew Massingill, Bryan Ruiz, Michael Cedeno, Jamie Cvikel, Steve Simpson, Joe Priest, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title[j1] : Pilot Study for Pre-existing Conditions in Pre-participation Physical Exams in Collegiate Athletes

Authors: Mathew Massingill, Bryan Ruiz, Mike Cedeno, Jamie Cvikel Steve Simpson, Joe Priest, Jennifer Blevins-McNaughton (Clinical Exercise Research Facility, Tarleton State University, masters)

Background and Purpose: Disagreement exists in the sports medicine field concerning the best way to recognize and prevent unexpected deaths in sports. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the extent to which suspect cardiac conditions were present during pre-participation physical exams (PPE) in collegiate athletes.

Methods: Twenty-seven (N = 27) Division II athletes ages …

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Disrupts Mental And Physical Function In Female Endurance Athletes, Emily B. Crohare, Jorge Granados

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Disrupts Mental and Physical Function in Female Endurance Athletes

Emily B. Crohare¹(Master’s), Jorge Granados¹, Trevor Gillum², Matthew Kuennen¹

West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX¹ California Baptist University, Riverside, CA²

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is common among female endurance athletes. This disorder, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, inflammation, and disturbed bowel function, can also contribute to severe anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Quercetin has been used to combat pain, inflammation and fatigue in healthy athletic populations, but its efficacy in female endurance athletes with IBS is unknown. PURPOSE: To determine whether …

Increasing Strength And Muscle Mass In Hiv+ Men Recovering From Substance Abuse, Carianne M. Cregar, Jakob L. Vingren, John H. Curtis, Kiannah Williams, Julius F. Cantu, David W. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The combination of substance (drug and/or alcohol) abuse and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can result in the development of several co-morbidities, including muscle wasting. Resistance training could, therefore, be an important tool in the treatment of substance addiction/abuse and HIV. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance training on measures of muscle mass and strength in the context of co-occurring substance abuse and HIV. METHODS: Seventeen untrained men (Mean ± SD: 42 ± 11 years, 89.7 ± 16.0 kg, 179.7 ± 9.1 cm, 18.9 ± 5.5 %fat) who are infected with …

The Effect Of Work Rate On Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Exhaustive Severe Intensity Cycling Exercise, Jennifer L. Sylvester, Samantha D. Burdette, Steven W. Cross, Nosa O. Idemudia, John H. Curtis, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effect of work rate on oxygen uptake kinetics during exhaustive severe intensity cycling exercise

Jennifer L. Sylvester, Samantha D. Burdette, Steven W. Cross, Nosa O. Idemudia, John, H. Curtis, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill.

Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX

During exhaustive severe intensity exercise, the oxygen uptake (VO₂) increases exponentially, with a time constant of ~30 s. After ~1 to 2 min, a slow component emerges and drives the VO₂ to its maximum. There are clear differences in the VO₂ response profile across exercise intensity domains. These disparities might not …

The Short-Term Effect Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Physical Capabilities On Active Young Recreational Athletes, Esteban Martinez Ballester, Ivan Chulvi Dr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In recent years, whole body vibration (WBV) has been the subject of a great amount of research towards improving physical capabilities as a postactivation potentiation because the muscle spindle’s sensitivity can be increased (Rittweger, 2010). Typically, WBV is realized by the subject above the platform in squat position while the platform oscillates at differences intensities and amplitudes. Previous reports have shown that WBV produces preconditioning effects that lead an increase of power and flexibility (Jacobs & Burns, 2009), but controversial data exists that have shown no positive effect if an optimal dosage is not used in a controlled manner (Wilcock …

The Effect Of Fatigue On Shoulder Muscle Strength Ratios In Collegiate Water Polo Players, Bobby Sanders, Steven A. Hawkins, Michele Leblanc

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: A proposed mechanism of shoulder injuries is imbalances in the strength of the shoulder muscles, however, the effects of fatigue on these imbalances are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of isokinetic-induced fatigue on the development of shoulder muscle imbalances using both the conventional and functional ratio.

Knee Osteoarthritis And The Efficacy Of Kinesthesia, Balance & Agility Exercise Training: A Pilot Study, Matthew W. Rogers, Nauris Tamulevicius, Marius F. Coetsee, Beth F. Curry, Stuart J. Semple

International Journal of Exercise Science

Kinesthesia, balance and agility (KBA) neuromuscular exercises are commonly used for rehabilitation of lower extremity injuries. KBA combined with strength training (ST) reportedly improves function among persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA), but independent effects of KBA are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of KBA exercises, independent of ST, to improve function among persons with knee OA. Twenty participants (69.3, SD 11.4 y) were randomized to 8 weeks, 3-days per week, instructor-lead KBA or ST groups. Self-reported physical function (difficulty with daily living activities such as walking, bending, stair climbing, etc.) was measured at baseline …

Differences In Heart Disease Risk Perception And Actual Cardiac Risk In Men Vs. Women, Amanda K. Dietz, Steve Martin, Becky Braden, Thomas Meade, Kathy L. Hill, Stephen F. Crouse, John S. Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Differences in Heart Disease Risk Perception and Actual Cardiac Risk in Male vs. Female Cardiac Patients Amanda Dietz, Julie Borsack, Steve Martin, Kathy L. Hill, Thomas Meade, Stephen F. Crouse, FACSM, and John S. Green, FACSM Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Sponsor: John S. Green, FACSM)

PURPOSE: To describe gender differences in both risk perception and actual coronary risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: 33 females and 67 males with documented CAD completed a questionnaire designed to assess CAD risk perception. They also underwent assessments for all ACSM risk factors. Five-point Likert scale responses to the …

Effect Of Plasma Donation On Responses To Exhaustive Severe Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise, John H. Curtis, David W. Hill, Samantha Burdette, Jakob Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the effects of plasma donation on responses to severe intensity exercise. METHODS: Four women (mean ± SD: age, 27 ± 7 years; height, 163 ± 13 cm; weight, 62.9 ± 12.0 kg) and six men (age, 25 ± 2 years; height, 180 ± 6 cm; weight, 87.3 ± 6.2 kg) performed exhaustive cycle ergometer tests under control conditions, and then 2 h, 2 d, and 7 d following plasma donation. RESULTS: Times to exhaustion at baseline and 2 h, 2 d, and 7 d following plasmapheresis were …

The Effect Of Pedaling Cadence On The Kinetics Of Oxygen Uptake During Severe Intensity Exercise, Jennifer L. Sylvester, Samantha D. Burdette, David W. Hill, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During exhaustive severe intensity exercise, the oxygen uptake (VO2) increases exponentially, with a time constant of ~30 s. After ~1 to 2 min, a slow component emerges and drives the VO2 to its maximum. Pedaling cadence contributes to the metabolic demand at a given work rate and affects several responses to cycling exercise. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of pedaling cadence on parameters of the two-component VO2 response profile during severe intensity exercise. METHODS: Eight women (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 1 yr, height 161 ± 6 cm, and weight 58.8 ± 2.3 kg) and 10 men (age 23 …

The Effectiveness Of The Critical Power Model On Prescribing Elements Of Intermittent Exercise, Patrick G. Keenan, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Intermittent exercise is a valuable method of training, consisting of numerous interrelated factors. The critical power model has been used to administer interval training programs; however, it has not been used to accurately prescribe elements of intermittent exercise. PURPOSE: This study aimed to use individual critical power models to prescribe elements of intermittent exercise. METHODS: Ten male athletes, mean (sd) age and mass 19.6 (1.4) years and 77.8 (8.1) kg performed three phases of testing on a cycle ergometer: 1) familiarization, one learning trial to establish a starting point for subsequent tests; 2) establishment of individual W/t relationship from [Eq …

Racial/Ethnic Differences In Bone Mineral Density Of Young Adults, Linda D. Wilkin, Tristan D. Sims, Matthew C. Jackson, Bryan L. Haddock

International Journal of Exercise Science

An estimated 1.5 million people suffer a bone disease-related fracture every year. Most work investigating bone mineral density (BMD) focuses on post-menopausal females but a report from the Surgeon General in 2004 stated that of particular concern are men, racial and ethnic minorities, poor individuals, individuals with disabilities, and individuals living in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the racial/ethnic differences in bone mineral density of young adults and to investigate any correlations with variables suggested to influence BMD. BMD was assessed at a younger age than most studies based on the assumption that osteoporosis is …

Type Of Encouragement Influences Peak Muscle Force In College-Age Women, Ruth M. Amagliani, John K. Petrella, Alan P. Jung

International Journal of Exercise Science

Purpose: To investigate if the type of encouragement during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) had an influence on peak muscle force in strength-trained versus untrained collegiate women. Methods: Eleven strength-trained (20.4 + 1 yr) and twelve untrained (20.8 + 1 yr) women participated in three, five-second MVICs of seated knee extension. The three trials consisted of verbal only encouragement, verbal + visual encouragement, and verbal + pain avoidance encouragement. In all three trials, the participants received the same verbal encouragement. Trials were counterbalanced to minimize any possible order effects. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze data. Any …

Does Standing On A Cycle-Ergometer, Towards The Conclusion Of A Graded Exercise Test, Yield Cardiorespiratory Values Equivalent To Treadmill Testing?, Joshua Mitchell, William B. Kist, Kendall Mears, Jesse Nalls, Kyle Ritter

International Journal of Exercise Science

Graded exercise testing (GXT), per a cycle-ergometer (CE), offers safety and monitoring advantages over treadmill (TM) GXT. Unfortunately, CE-VO2max and some other cardiorespiratory (CR) variables are frequently lower than TM-GXT values. It has been difficult to compare TM and CE-GXT values. However, it was hypothesized that standing towards the conclusion of the CE-GXT (Stand-CE) might increase CE values to those equal to TM-GXT. If Stand-CE and TM-GXT CR values were equal, Stand-CE-GXT could become the method of choice for GXT for the general population. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the effect of Stand-CE on CR variables. An …

Perceived Muscle Soreness In Recreational Female Distance Runners, Dave Burnett, Steve Burns, Kevin Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

ABSTRACT PERCEIVED MUSCLE SORENESS IN FEMALE RUNNERS D. Burnett†, K. Smith†, S. Burns‡, C. Smeltzer*, K. Young†. Health and Human Performance. University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Mo; email: [email protected] Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if rating of perceived exertion correlated with perceived muscle soreness during delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in female runners. This study examined the pre and post running economy measures and perceived muscle soreness before and after a 30 minute downhill run (DHR) at - 15% grade and 70% of the subjects predetermined maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). Methods: Six female recreational runners …

Low Intensity Of Running Favors For Anabolic Response After Resistance Exercise, Chun-Chung Chou, Siang-Sheng Wu, De-Shang Chen, Jung-Charng Lin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Whether active or passive recovery after resistance exercise may affect anabolic and catabolic response is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of active (moderate or low intensity running) and passive (rest) recovery after resistance exercise on testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C) responses. Methods: By counter-balanced design, nine recreationally active males (age: 23.89 ± 0.86 yrs of age; height: 172.89 ± 1.30 cm; weight: 68.37 ± 2.72 kg; VO2max: 56.56 ± 1.70 ml/kg/min) completed three tests including: 65% VO2max running (moderate intensity, RM), 40% VO2max running (low intensity, RL) and passive rest (RR) …

The Effect Of A Caffeine Energy Drink On Cardiovascular Responses During Intense Exercise, Joe Sillivent, Kim Coffman, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: Despite the growing popularity of energy drinks, many do not realize the negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Little research has investigated the electrocardiographic effects of energy drinks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of energy drink ingestion on the cardiovascular system at rest and during exercise. Methods: Seven healthy adults (24.3 ± 3.5 yrs; wt = 66.0 ± 2.2 kg) participated in this double blind study. Subjects ingested a placebo (PL) or Redline (RL) energy drink (240ml; 316 mg caffeine) 40 minutes before maximal graded exercise test (GXT). Subjects were asked to …