Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Power Output In Rugby Players Comparing Unilateral And Bilateral Isotonic Upper-Body Resistance Exercise, Evan Nakachi, James D. George, Allen Parcell, Dennis Eggett, Brent Feland

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 691-700, 2019. Bilateral deficit (BLD) occurs when the internal muscular force generated during simultaneous bilateral limb exercise is lower than the sum of internal muscular forces generated during separate right limb and left limb unilateral exercise, while attempting to oppose the same total external load. Numerous BLD studies have evaluated force output differences during exercise; however, no study has determined whether BLD exists when generating power during isotonic upper-body exercise. To address this, we measured and compared power output across unilateral and bilateral isotonic upper-body exercise. Seventeen college male rugby players (age = 21.8 …

Comparison Of The Effects Of Linear And Non-Linear Resistance Training Periodization On Morphofunctional Capacity Of Subjects With Different Fitness Levels: A Systematic Review, Rafael M. Pitta, Carla G. S. Pinto Montenegro, Roberta L. Rica, Danilo Sales Bocalini, Ramires A. Tibana, Jonato Prestes, Whitley J. Stone, Aylton J. Figueira Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 666-690, 2019. Resistance training (RT) is recognized as an efficient method to improve muscle strength, power, hypertrophy; all are fundamental components of functional health and quality of life. Variables of RT such as volume, intensity, density, rest interval, duration, exercise order and selection, training frequency, and periodization models (i.e. linear periodization (LP), reverse linear periodization (RLP), block periodization (BP), and nonlinear periodization (NLP): undulating periodization (UP) and weekly undulating periodization (WUP)) are manipulated to potentiate musculoskeletal adaptations. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of studies comparing different periodization …

The Effect Of Exercise Order In Circuit Training On Muscular Strength And Functional Fitness In Older Women, Diogo Correia Cardozo, Belmiro Freitas De Salles, Pietro Mannarino, Ana Paula Sena Vasconcelos, Humberto Miranda, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Roberto Simão

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 657-665, 2019.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different orders of exercises in circuit training on strength and functional fitness in older women over a 12-week period. After 10 repetition maximum (10-RM) and functional fitness baseline testing, thirty older women were randomly assigned into two groups. The exercise order for Group 1 was leg press, wide-grip lat pulldown, knee extension, pec deck fly, plantar flexion and triceps extension; Group 2 performed the same exercises, but in the opposite order: triceps extension, plantar flexion, pec deck fly, knee extension, wide-grip …

Trunk Muscle Activation During Dynamic Sling Training Exercises, Tobias Morat, Denis Holzer, Rieke Trumpf

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 590-601, 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of trunk muscle activation to characterize different dynamic sling training exercises. Thirty-six young adults (25±3 years, 1.78±0.1 m, 71.5±10.4 kg) performed six different sling training exercises while muscle activation of eight different trunk muscles was measured unilaterally by surface electrodes. Four of the exercises were conducted at two different difficulty levels (an easy and a hard version) by changing the body angle. The six sling training exercises differed regarding muscle activation, with significant differences (p< 0.05) between the three body parts (front, side, back). High muscle activations (76-87%) of the (front) trunk flexor muscles were measured. The back muscles tested reached more than half of their peak reference trial values only during one exercise tested. Regarding the side muscles, three of the sling exercises achieved muscle activations of 60% and higher (66-92%). All eight trunk muscles tested demonstrated a significantly (p< 0.05) higher muscle activation in the harder version compared with the easy version. Based on the results, the sling training exercises tested in this study seem to be most effective for the abdominal muscles. As assumed based on the former literature, changing the body angle during sling training exercises is shown to be a feasible way of adjusting the intensity of sling training. This could potentially be used in longitudinal sling training studies to assure a controlled, progressively increasing training intervention.

The Impact Of Cell Phone Texting During Aerobic Exercise On Measures Of Cognition, Michael J. Rebold, Mallory S. Kobak, Cody A. Croall, Emily A. Cumberledge, Matthew T. Dirlam, Timothy P. Sheehan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 646-656, 2019. This study assessed the effect of cell phone texting during a 30-minute bout of cycle ergometer exercise on measures of cognition (i.e., reaction time and accuracy). Twenty-eight college students participated in two conditions (cell phone and no cell phone). Reaction time and accuracy were assessed pre- and post-exercise with the use of the Stroop test. Reaction time was significantly worse (p < 0.001) in the cell phone condition from pre- (1003.75 ± 178.04 ms) to post-exercise (1124.46 ± 238.55 ms). Reaction time was significantly better (p < 0.001) in the no cell phone condition from pre- …

Attitudes And Beliefs Regarding Pregnancy Physical Activity In A Non-Pregnant Population, Mallory R. Marshall, John K. Petrella

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 636-645, 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and beliefs about pregnancy physical activity (PA) in non-pregnant individuals. We hypothesized that younger, more educated, females, those who had ever been pregnant (or partner had been pregnant, for males) and physically active individuals would view pregnancy PA more positively than older individuals, those with less education, males, those who had not ever been pregnant (partner had not been pregnant, for males), and those who are inactive, respectively. Participants were non-pregnant adults ages 20+ years who were recruited by word-of-mouth, social media, …

Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion In Copers And Those With Chronic Ankle Instability, Madison M. Vomacka, Melena R. Calhoun, Monica R. Lininger, Jupil Ko

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 614-622, 2019. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) is used to classify individuals as ankle sprain copers, or as one suffering from chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, literature examining factors contributing to these classifications on the CAIT is lacking, as the CAIT itself does not offer explanations for specific anthropometric measures that influence a patient’s classification. Therefore, the purpose was to determine if there was a difference between dorsiflexion active range of motion (AROM) between copers, those with CAI, and a healthy control group. Twenty-two individuals with recent ankle sprains were recruited by a …

Effects Of Evidence-Based Materials And Access To Local Resources On Physical Activity During Pregnancy, Kolbi Edens

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has been shown to be safe and effective for improving maternal and infant health; however, only 23% of pregnant women exercise in accordance with guidelines. PURPOSE: To determine if the distribution of evidence-based educational resources as well as access to community resources will increase PA levels as well as knowledge/beliefs about PA during pregnancy. METHODS: Participants (8-12 weeks) completed assessments concerning their activity levels, as well as knowledge/beliefs regarding PA, during pregnancy. Next, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). The IG received educational information regarding PA during pregnancy, …

Effects Of A Postural Restoration Focused Intervention On Muscle Activation During Deadlifts, Caleb Richardson

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of implementing two Postural Restoration exercises and relating principles on deadlifts using a hexagonal barbell. Specifically, we aimed to examine the effects of the intervention on muscle activation and the location of the ground reaction force (GRF) center of pressure. Sixteen subjects (age 18-35 yrs.; male (n=14); female (n=2)), with at least 1 year of deadlifting experience, were randomly assigned into a control and intervention group (both n=8). Both groups performed two sets of three repetitions of deadlifts at 50% and at 80% of their estimated one repetition maximum (1-RM). …

Similar Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training Performed With Different Frequencies On Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, And Muscle Quality In Older Women, Fábio Luiz Cheche Pina, João Pedro Nunes, Matheus Amarante Nascimento, Alex Silva Ribeiro, Jerry L. Mayhew, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 623-635, 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of 24 weeks of resistance training (RT) performed 2 vs. 3 times per week on muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle quality in older women. Thirty-nine older women (≥ 60 years old) were randomly assigned to two groups according to RT frequency (G2x = two sessions per week, n=19; and G3x = three sessions per week, n=20) and were submitted to 24 weeks of whole-body RT, divided into two stages of 12 weeks. In the first stage, participants performed 1 set of …

Effect Of Fed State On Self-Selected Intensity And Affective Responses To Exercise Following Public Health Recommendations, Ryan Rhodewalt, Katelyn Largent, Blaque Saur, Todd Astorino Ph.D, Zachary Zenko, Matt Schubert

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 602-613, 2019. Nutritional status has numerous effects on exercise metabolism and psychological responses. The effect of fed state on changes in affective valence; however, are unknown. Thus, the present study examined how fed state influenced self-selected exercise intensity, affective responses during exercise, and exercise enjoyment when exercise was completed following physical activity guidelines for public health. In a repeated-measures crossover design, 25 recreationally active men and women (age and BMI = 22.0 ± 2.0 yr and 24.3 ± 3.3 kg/m²) performed a single 30 min session of treadmill exercise at a Rating …

Educational Brochures Influence Beliefs And Knowledge Regarding Exercise During Pregnancy: A Pilot Study, Madison L. Alvis, Cody E. Morris, Tiana L. Garrard, Abigail G. Hughes, Laura Hunt, Megan M. Koester, India C. Yocum, Rachel A. Tinius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 581-589, 2019. Women who are pregnant report receiving little or no advice about physical activity during pregnancy from their obstetric provider. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based educational brochure on both immediate and two-week retention of knowledge about exercise during pregnancy. Thirty-two women of childbearing age (age: 25.0 ± 4.0 years, body mass index: 29.5 ± 6.5 kg/m², 93.7% Caucasian, 83.4% had at least some college) completed a survey before exposure to an evidence-based educational brochure regarding exercise during pregnancy. Post surveys were taken immediately …

Effects Of Low-Volume Resistance Training On Muscle Strength And Functionality Of People With Parkinson’S Disease, Matheus Barbalho, Elren Passos Monteiro, Rochelle Rocha Costa, Rodolfo Raiol

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 567-580, 2019. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects the elderly and results in a decrease of functional capacity, motor control, and muscle strength. Resistance training (RT) has been shown to be a non-drug alternative in both elderly and parkinsonian patients in increasing functional capacity and muscle strength. The present study aimed to verify the effects of low-volume RT in people with PD in relation to muscular strength, body composition, anthropometry and functional capacity. Fifteen elderly patients with idiopathic PD were divided into two groups: 7 …

No Effect Of L-Arginine On Vascular Stiffness At Rest And During Reactive Hyperemia In Young Healthy Subjects, Andrew Wells, George Swanson, Thomas Fahey, Michael Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 556-566, 2019. The efficacy of L-arginine in augmenting blood flow via nitric oxide (NO) production is controversial, with several studies in the literature providing equivocal findings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of L-arginine supplementation on vascular stiffness at rest and during induced reactive hyperemia. Young healthy males (n = 15) were studied on two separate study days. On day one, a resting pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured from the carotid and radial sites at rest and immediately following an induced reactive hyperemia (RH). On day two, subjects …

The Effect Of Cold-Water Immersion On Running Mechanics, Lucas M. Dibenedetto, Kristyne Wiegand, Julia Freedman Silvernail

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 547-555, 2019. Cryotherapy is a common treatment used by athletes for rehabilitating acute injuries of a joint or muscle in order to accelerate recovery time and promptly return to play. Therefore, the potential effects of cryotherapy on performance and injury risk should be considered. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of cold-water immersion on running mechanics. Fifteen healthy male and female participants (24.6 ± 5.74 years, 166.37 ± 7.67 cm, 71.72 ± 17.7 kg, 27.47 ± 7.55% body fat) were recruited for the study. Participants completed 10 running trials …

Effects Of Personal Body Armor On Functional Movement Capability In Healthy Adults, Colin D. Tomes, Matthew David Lewis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 536-546, 2019. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool used to assess fundamental movement patterns and has been utilized to determine movement readiness of tactical athletes. However, tactical athletes rarely perform tasks without load carriage, and limited research evaluating loaded tactical personnel via the FMS has been conducted. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to determine if ballistic vest wear results in movement deficits as evaluated by the FMS. A convenience sample of college students (n = 31) completed test sessions in loaded and unloaded conditions. Subjects completed each FMS …

Effects Of Caffeine On Perceptually-Based Intensity Production During Outdoor Running, Kailee Neal, Matt Green, Eric O'Neal, Joyce Mcintosh, Alyssum Reno

International Journal of Exercise Science

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 526-535, 2019. Caffeine (CAF) may enhance performance while altering estimated RPE. However, effects of caffeine on RPE production is not well understood. This study examined effects of CAF on velocity (VEL) selection during outdoor running when intensity was prescribed using RPE. Ten (n = 10) fit male runners completed a VO₂ max and two running trials, CAF (6 mg· kg^-1) vs. placebo (PLA). Participants ran a 2.4 km (1.5 m) bout, at prescribed RPE4, and another at prescribed RPE7, following 10 min passive recovery. Separate 2 (trial) x 6 …

Effects Of Environmental Temperature On Aerobic Training Adaptations, Katherine Marshall

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

BACKGROUND: Previously we have demonstrated acute effects of endurance exercise in different environmental temperatures. However, training within these temperatures has not been examined. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exercise training in different environmental temperatures on aerobic capacity, body composition, heart rate, sweat rate, core, and skin temperature. METHODS: Thirty-six recreationally trained males made 18 visits to the lab and performed a 3-week cycling training protocol in either a 7°C, 20°C, or 33°C environment. Aerobic capacity, body composition, heart rate, sweat rate, core, and skin temperature were measured before and after the acclimation period. During …

The Effects Of Swimming Training On Arterial Stiffness, Muscular Strength And Cardiorespiratory Endurance In Postmenopausal Women With Stage 2 Hypertension, Steven Scott

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Objective:

Aging is associated with progressive decreases in arterial health and function as well as overall fitness. It is crucial to prevent or reduce the negative effects of aging on vasculature and fitness components by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We examined the effects of a swimming (SWM) regimen on arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), blood pressure (BP), wave reflection (AIx), muscle strength and aerobic capacity in postmenopausal women with stage 2 hypertension.

Methods:

Using a parallel experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to either a SWM (n=52) or non-exercising control group (n=48) for 20 weeks. …

Physiological Response To Exercise With Naturally-Occurring Carbon Dioxide Exposure, Megan Johnson

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) plays a normal part in gas exchange and acid-base equilibrium in the human body. With added stress or exposure, CO₂ levels can accumulate in the blood and tissues, causing hypercapnia. Research has shown that exposure to CO₂ at 4% or 40,000 ppm will cause cardio-respiratory changes, both at rest and during exercise. Lower levels may still cause changes under conditions of added stress, but this has not been elucidated. Preliminary data from our laboratory chamber suggests physiological changes at levels of CO₂ reaching 0.08% or 8,000 ppm during experiments with exercising …

Effect Of Local Cold Application During Exercise On Mitochondrial Gene Expression, Ben Meister

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

BACKGROUND: Different modes of exercise and temperatures can elicit different responses in mitochondrial gene expression. Stresses including exercise and cold exposure act to trigger the transcription of genes associated with mitochondrial growth (biogenesis). Traditional endurance exercise is known to have a potent effect on mitochondrial growth biogenesis. However, limited knowledge exists on the effect of local cold application during endurance exercise. Additionally, it is currently unknown how cold exposure impacts mitochondrial breakdown (mitophagy). PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of local muscle cooling during endurance exercise on human skeletal muscle gene expression related to …

Effects Of 7°C Environmental Temperature During A 3-Week Training Period, Robert J. Shute

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Approximately three weeks is required for cold temperature acclimation to occur. However, the effects of cold temperature acclimation on fitness and performance remain unknown. Purpose: To determine the impact of cold environmental temperature on training adaptations, fitness measurements, and aerobic performance. Methods: Two groups of twelve inactive male subjects completed 1-hour of cycling in fourteen temperature acclimation trials of either a cold (7°C) or room temperature (20°C) environmental temperature. A performance trial and tolerance trial occurred pre- and post-acclimation. The performance trials assessed VO_2peak and body composition. Skin and core temperature were recorded during the 1-hour tolerance trials. Tympanic …

Skeletal Muscle Mitophagy In Response To Cold Exposure During Exercise, Megan Vande Hei

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

BACKGROUND: The signaling pathways generated during exercise elicit mitochondrial adaptation, which includes both biogenesis and removal of damaged mitochondria (also known as mitophagy). It has been established that training followed by cold exposure alters the transcription of genes associated with mitochondrial growth and division. However, it is currently unknown whether temperature intervention during exercise influences the mRNA expression of genes associated with mitophagy, which is essential to maintaining the quality of this organelle. PURPOSE: To determine the expression of PINK1, PARK2, BNIP3, and BNIP3L mRNA following exercise in a cold environmental temperature with recovery at room temperature compared to exercise …

Sex Comparisons Of Agonist And Antagonist Muscle Electromyographic Parameters During Two Different Submaximal Isometric Fatiguing Tasks, Sunggun Jeon, Xin Ye, William M. Miller

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. To examine the task failure time of the force- and position-based submaximal elbow flexion fatiguing tasks for both sexes, twelve men and eight women visited the laboratory for two separate experimental occasions. During the experiment, they pulled against a rigid restraint for the force task and maintained a constant elbow joint angle to support an equivalent inertial load for the position task. For both fatiguing tasks (50% of the isometric strength at the elbow joint angle of 135 …

Cardiorespiratory Responses To Shallow Water Exercise: A Sex Comparison, Mitchell Garant Fisher, Laura Jean Miller, Jerusalem Tesfaye, Karen Roemer, Debra Mary D'Acquisto, Leo Joseph D'Acquisto

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This investigation examined physiological responses to shallow water exercise (SWE) and to a high-intensity interval SWE workout (HIISWE) in males (M, n=9) and females (F, n=9). Participants performed 5 X 5 min. SWE bouts (bts.) at ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 (Borg scale) and a maximal bout of SWE with metabolic, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BLa) responses monitored. The same measurements were performed during HIISWE (4 X 4-min bts., alternating 20-s “all-out” and 10-s rest). Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂) and BLa were greater in M (3.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 …

Bilateral Striatal Necrosis Due To Homoplasmic Mitochondrial 3697g>A Mutation Presents With Incomplete Penetrance And Sex Bias, Shanshan Zhong, Shumeng Wen, Yusen Qiu, Yanyan Yu, Ling Xin, Yang He, Xuguang Gao, Hezhi Fang, Daojun Hong, Jun Zhang

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Background: Heteroplasmic mitochondrial 3697G>A mutation has been associated with leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and LHON/MELAS overlap syndrome. However, homoplasmic m.3697G>A mutation was only found in a family with Leigh syndrome, and the phenotype and pathogenicity of this homoplasmic mutation still need to be investigated in new patients. Methods: The clinical interviews were conducted in 12 individuals from a multiple-generation inherited family. Mutations were screened through exome next-generation sequencing and subsequently confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length …

Heat Exposure And Hypohydration Exacerbate Physiological Strain During Load Carrying, Elizabeth L. Adams, Douglas J. Casa, Robert A. Huggins, Julie K. Demartini, Rebecca L. Stearns, Rachel M. Kennedy, Lindsay J. Distefano, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Carl M. Maresh

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

Heat exposure and hypohydration induce physiological and psychological strain during exercise; however, it is unknown if the separate effects of heat exposure and hypohydration are synergistic when co-occurring during loaded exercise. This study compared separate and combined effects of heat exposure and hypohydration on physiological strain, mood state, and visual vigilance during loaded exercise. Twelve males (mean±SD; age, 20±2 years; body mass, 74.0±8.2 kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 57.0±6.0 mLkg-1min-1) completed 4 trials under the following conditions: euhydrated temperate (EUT), hypohydrated temperate (HYT), euhydrated hot (EUH), and hypohydrated hot (HYH). Exercise was 90 min of treadmill walking (∼50% VO2 max, 5% …

Validation Of A New Incremental Swim Test As A Tool For Maximum Oxygen Uptake Analysis In Lifeguards, Brais Ruibal-Lista, José Palacios-Aguilar, José Antonio Prieto, Sergio López-García, José Antonio Cecchini-Estrada, Miguel Santiago-Alonso, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This study was designed to validate an incremental test predicting maximum oxygen uptake for lifeguards. A maximum incremental test was performed in the laboratory (i.e., treadmill run) and in the pool (i.e., swim) by 10 certified lifeguards. The values of maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂Max), maximum heart rate (HRMax), and lactate (LaMax) achieved during both tests were analyzed. The VO₂Max (0.87, p =.001), HRmax (0.85, p = .002) and LaMax (0.67, p

Triple Hop For Distance As A Predictor Of Lower Extremity Performance In Firefighter Equipment, Sean M. Rogers, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Lindsey E. Eberman, Kenneth E. Games

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 515-525, 2019. The objective of this study was to examine the predictive value of the Triple Hop for Distance (THD) physical performance test to assess lower extremity (LE) strength and power in individuals donning firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE). Thirty-one healthy participants completed the THD in firefighter PPE on both the dominant and non-dominant limb. Dependent variables included LE power (vertical jump height [cm]) on a jump mat, and LE strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings (peak torque [Nm]) on an isokinetic dynamometer. THD was a strong predictor of LE power on the dominant …

Exercise Is Medicine®: Knowledge And Awareness Among Exercise Science And Medical School Students, Rachel Mealy, Laura Richardson, Brian Miller, Melissa Smith, Judith A. Juvancic-Heltzel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 505-514, 2019. The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold: to determine whether exercise science and medical students are aware of the Exercise is Medicine^® (EIM^®) program and to construct a tool that would permit assessment of EIM^® variables with students enrolled in both programs. The study consisted of a quantitative, cross-sectional design, using a self-report electronic questionnaire. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis extraction method with Varimax factor rotation was employed to validate the survey instrument based on the expected constructs, which posited five (5) contending …