Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Effects Of Beta-Alanine Supplementation And High Intensity Interval Training Among Recreationally Active Females, Mary E. Yarbrough

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that when combined with L-histidine forms the dipeptide carnosine. Recent research has shown that supplementary intake of beta-alanine can substantially increase carnosine content in muscle fibers and has been associated with attenuating fatigue and enhancing high intensity exercise performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation combined with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on indices of aerobic and anaerobic performance, rowing performance, and body composition. Twenty-one recreationally active females (22.2 ± 2.2 yrs.) participated in a double blind, placebo controlled study and were randomly assigned …

Influence Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors On Remote Ischemic Preconditioning, Tiffany Trachte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A powerful therapy against microvascular endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury is remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), which triggers tissue protection by exposing a limb to small cycles of vascular occlusion. Animal models indicate that CVD risk factors reduce the protective benefits of ischemic conditioning. However, there are no human studies investigating how a burden of risk factors interferes with rIPC to prevent endothelial injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of risk factor burden on the capacity of rIPC to prevent endothelial reperfusion injury in humans. Twenty-two (age: 45±14 yr., BMI: 31±8 kg/m2) sedentary adults (12 lower burden: …

Central And Peripheral Weight Gain Affect Trunk Kinematics And Lower-Extremity Muscle Activation Differently During Sit-To-Stand, Michelle Christine Walaszek

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: Obesity-induced alterations in biomechanics and muscle recruitment during activities of daily living, such as sit-to-stand (STS) are often attributed to increases in adipose tissue (AT) mass. Central or peripheral distribution of AT may differently affect biomechanics and muscle recruitment.

Methods: Fifteen healthy, normal weight (BMI 22.4 ± 1.9 kg/m², 24.1 ± 4.2 years) subjects volunteered. External loads equivalent to a 5 kg/m² BMI increase were applied in three conditions: unloaded (UN), centrally loaded (CL), and peripherally loaded (PL). Subjects completed three successful STS movements in a backless chair under each load condition in random order. Motion …

Total And Regional Bmd Comparison Of Collegiate Male And Female Athletes, Michael G. Robinson 6978741

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Total and Regional BMD Comparison of Collegiate Male and Female Athletes

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Physiological and biomechanical demands of different sports have varying effects on the athletes that play them. For example, previous studies have shown that runners and swimmers can have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than athletes in ball sports or inactive controls. PURPOSE: To quantify and compare BMD in athletes to better understand how certain sport specific exercise promotes bone acquisition. METHODS: Fifty one (N=51) NCAA Division I athletes (18-25 yrs) had a whole body DXA scan performed to quantify total body BMD and segmental BMD. Fifteen (n=15) …

Factors Affecting Injury History And Their Overall Impact On Athletic Performance In Distance Runners, Trevor Norris

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Distance running is a very precise mechanism of many intricate movements and abilities of the body. The amount of miles that a distance runner must run puts a lot of very intense stresses on one’s body. These stresses often appear at the bone level and lead to many injuries such as stress reactions and stress fractures but also may play important roles in tissue damages such as strains and pulls. In this study, we used division one college distance runners and examined many intricacies between their level of fitness and overall composition. These include looking at imbalances, dominant traits, and …

The Effects Of Exercise Intensity On Acylated Ghrelin, Active Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, And Appetite: Examining The Potential Involvement Of Interleukin-6, Hashim Islam

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates the release of appetite-regulating hormones in animals and associates with decreased energy intake in humans. Thus, IL-6 may contribute to the intensity- dependent effects of exercise on appetite-related parameters. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on IL-6, appetite-regulating hormones, and appetite perceptions. Eight active young males completed four sessions: 1) Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30 min running, 65% VO2max); 2) High-intensity continuous training (HICT; 30 min running, 85% VO2max); 3) Sprint interval training (SIT; 4 x 30 sec “all-out” running bouts separated by 4 min recovery); 4) Control (CTRL; no …

Resistance Exercise Elicits Selective Mobilization And Adhesion Characteristics Of Granulocytes And Monocyte Subsets, Adam Jajtner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resistance exercise eliciting muscle damage results in an immune response, leading to increases in circulating cytokines, and immune cell mobilization. Classical monocytes respond to muscle damage, however, little is known about the intermediate or nonclassical monocyte response to resistance exercise. Moreover, the impact of polyphenol supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise on the innate immune response is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the immune response following resistance exercise with (PPB) and without (PL) polyphenol supplementation. Thirty-nine untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n=13, 21.8±2.5yrs, 171.2±5.5cm, 71.2±8.2kg), PL (n=15, 21.6±2.5yrs, 176.5±4.9cm, 84.0±15.7kg) or a control …