Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Use Of The Blood Lactate Curve To Develop Training Intensity Guidelines For The Sports Of Track And Field And Cross-Country, Chris P. Belcher, Cynthia L. Pemberton

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 148-159, 2012. The purpose of this study was to develop and field test a standardized system of training intensity guidelines for the sport of track and field/cross country, modeled after the standardized system of training intensity guidelines developed, adopted, and in use by U.S.A. Swimming. This study was quantitative and focused on the development and field-testing of standardized training intensity guidelines, based on the blood lactate curve and energy metabolism. The findings showed that as intensity increased so did participants’ blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion. A Pearson product-moment correlation …

Effects Of Short Term Low Intensity Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction On Bone Markers And Muscle Cross-Sectional Area In Young Men, Sojung Kim, Vanessa D. Sherk, Michael G. Bemben, Debra A. Bemben

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 136-147, 2012. This study compared the effects of short term resistance training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on bone turnover markers and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) in young men (18-35 yrs). Subjects were randomly assigned to a BFR (20% 1RM) resistance training group (BFRT, n=10), a high intensity (80% 1RM) resistance training group (RT, n=10), or a BFR only group (BFR, n=10). Both BFRT and RT trained 3 days per week (2 sets, 10 repetitions) for 3 weeks for leg press, knee extension, and knee flexion isotonic exercises. BFR underwent the BFR …

Sam: A Tool For Measurement Of Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity (Mvpa) In School Physical Education, Kampol Surapiboonchai, Steven R. Furney, Robert F. Reardon, James Eldridge, Tinker D. Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 127-135, 2012. Observational methods have been a primary methodology used by physical educators for assessing teacher and student behaviors in school physical education (PE) classes for over 30 years. Observational instruments traditionally used in PE are economical, but are time intensive and complicated. Recently national PE recommendations have been promoted to encourage practitioners to achieve ≥ 50% of PE class in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this preliminary study was to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the Simple Activity Measurement (SAM) instrument for assessing MVPA during school PE …

Ground Reaction Forces Generated By Twenty-Eight Hatha Yoga Postures, Sylvia J. Wilcox, Ron Hager, Barbara Lockhart, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 114-126, 2012. Adherents claim many benefits from the practice of yoga, including promotion of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. However, no known studies have investigated whether yoga enhances bone mineral density. Furthermore, none have estimated reaction forces applied by yoga practitioners. The purpose of this study was to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data on a variety of hatha yoga postures that would commonly be practiced in fitness centers or private studios. Twelve female and eight male volunteers performed a sequence of 28 hatha yoga postures while GRF data were collected with an …

Differences In Force-Velocity Characteristics Of Upper And Lower Limbs Of Non-Competitive Male Boxers, Danai Giovani, Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 106-113, 2012. Despite the increasing popularity of boxing, only a few studies have been conducted on the physiology or the biomechanics of this sport. The aim of the present study is to examine the ratios of mechanical characteristics (maximal anaerobic power, P_max, theoretical maximal force, F₀, and velocity, v₀) between upper and lower limbs of male boxers. Twelve male caucasians, all members of a local fitness club, aged 29.5 (3.2) yr [mean (standard deviation)], stature 1.74 (.05) m, body mass 77.9 (8.1) kg, body fat 22.4 (3.9) % …

Acute Effects Of Static And Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching On Agility Performance In Elite Youth Soccer Players, J. Bradley Jordan, Ajit D. Korgaokar, Richard S. Farley, Jennifer L. Caputo

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 97-105, 2012. A warm-up is an important part of preparation for a soccer match. Stretching is typically part of the warm-up however, debate exists as to the most appropriate type of stretching to perform. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on soccer-specific agility performance in 14 male elite, premier league youth soccer players. Participants completed 4 trials of the Balsom agility test while dribbling a soccer ball. Height, age, and body mass were collected in trial 1 and participants were accommodated to …

Research And Critical Thinking : An Important Link For Exercise Science Students Transitioning To Physical Therapy, Harvey W. Wallmann, Donald L. Hoover

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 93-96, 2012. Critical thinking skills are increasingly necessary for success in professional health care careers. Changes in the contemporary healthcare system in the United States arguably make these critical thinking skills more important than they have ever been, as clinicians are required on a daily basis to evaluate multiple bits of information about patients with multiple-systemic health concerns and make appropriate treatment decisions based on this information. We believe the IJES, with its emphasis on engaging undergraduate and graduate students in research and scholarly activity, is a valuable resource for promoting the higher-order critical …

The Effects Of Acute Hypoxia On Marksmanship, Chelsea Mary Moore

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Expeditionary warfighters in the military have the responsibility of being ready to deploy on short notice to any part of the world and be able to effectively complete their mission even if deployed to altitude. Studies demonstrate that altitude can significantly effect heart rate, ventilation rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and cognition. Decrements in these areas could lead to a reduction in shooting accuracy. Only two studies have looked at the effects of marksmanship at various altitudes and their results are inconclusive. This study evaluated the effects of acute hypoxia on marksmanship and the effect of a physical exertion task …

The Relationship Between Perceived Exertion And Heart Rate During Yoga, Jessica M. Flores, John D. Smtih

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The relationship between perceived exertion and heart rate during yoga

Jessica Michele Flores, John D. Smith, Ph.D.

Texas A&M University-San Antonio

Undergraduate

Yoga has been around for centuries and has steadily increased in popularity in the West through the years, but this mind-body-spirit practice has had very little research conducted perceived intensities. PURPOSE: to assess heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of those participating in yoga classes. It is hypothesized that as HR increases, there will also be in increase in RPE. It is also hypothesized that those taking yoga classes have goals of flexibility and stress …

Preliminary Analysis Of The Feasibility And Effectiveness Of Whole Body Vibration As A Therapeutic Intervention In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Kai Williams, Chris Goldstraw, Sheila Kellagher, Steven Tham, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle sarcopenia results in loss of strength, power and functional capabilities leading to decreased independence and an increased reliance on the healthcare system. Exercise is an effective countermeasure to age related loss of muscle, but may be difficult in elderly patients with complex functional limitations. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel tool used to stimulate the neuromuscular system; research indicates it may improve strength, power, and balance in many populations. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine if WBV training is feasible in a skilled nursing facility and if standard of care (SOC) with augmented WBV …

Timed Up-And-Go Scores Are Associated With Balance But Not Lower-Extremity Force Production In Elderly Skilled Nursing Facility Patients, Christopher Barnett, Kai Williams, Chris Goldstraw, Sheila Kellagher, Steven Tham, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aging is associated with numerous deleterious muscular, skeletal, and neurologic adaptations that may result in functional performance decrements. These decrements are accelerated during periods of unplanned physical inactivity (e.g. hospitalization). Reductions in gait velocity are well documented in the elderly and may result from fear of falling, poor balance, or inability to accelerate because of reduced ground reaction force capabilities. Purpose: To determine if timed up-and-go scores were related to balance or lower extremity force production in skilled nursing facility patients. Methods: Data were collected on 40 patients (77.1±1.4y; 164.2±1.7cm; 75.3±3.3 kg) in an inpatient skilled nursing facility. The 15 …

The Impact Of Physiologic Reductions In Blood Pressure Upon Oxygen Uptake During Moderate Intensity Leg Cycling, Cory L. Butts, Paul Mcdonough, David Keller, Mitchel Samels, Davor Krnjajic

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Control of oxygen uptake (VO2) during the rest-to-exercise transition is thought to be dominated by intracellular processes rather than oxygen delivery. However, large changes in arterial pressure (i.e., supraphysiologic) have been shown to alter VO₂ and its kinetics. Importantly, no studies have investigated the consequence of physiologic alterations in blood pressure on VO₂ and its kinetics during exercise in humans. PURPOSE: The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the effect of modest reductions in MAP achieved via neck suction upon Vo₂ across the rest-exercise transition, to test the hypothesis that physiologic reductions in arterial …

Effect Of The Negative Ion Band On Athletic Performance, Daniel Perales, John D. Smith Ph. D., Kevin H. Kendrick Ph. D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Negative Ion bands have been suggested to increase various areas of athletic performance. At this time, the authors are not aware of any studies on these bands. Purpose: To determine if a True Power Energy Band (True Power LLC, Melrose, MA) had an effect on various measures of performance. Methods: Forty-one subjects (age = 29.3±7.1 yrs, ht = 171.5±9.7 cm, wt = 85.4±23.2 kg) had their height and weight measured and were then randomized to wear the True Power band (TB) or a silver bracelet placebo band (PB) (Hobby Lobby). After 5 days, subjects were assessed on reaction …

Time-Trend Comparison Of Nfl Combine Peformance From 2000-2009, Christopher A. Seponski, Casey Bollier, A. Eugene Coleman, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The National Football League (NFL) combine is a final opportunity for collegiate seniors to showcase physical talent to NFL personnel responsible for draft decisions. Potential draftees complete tests of speed, agility, and power; the results of these tests are distributed to all NFL teams. Due to the importance of combine performance to draft order and corresponding financial incentives, training facilities now specialize in teaching technical strategies to improve combine scoring performance. Many athletes now participate in combine preparation programs which may have resulted in increased performance of recent cohorts. Purpose: To determine if NFL combine performances in the 40-yard sprint, …

Vitamin D Status In Lean And Obese Mexican American Children, Nadia H. Agha, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem amongst adolescents and adults, particularly in minority populations due to high skin melanin content. Melanin blocks the absorption of UVB photons, which limits natural vitamin D accumulation, requiring more dietary intake of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Low levels of vitamin D are inversely correlated with systemic inflammation possibly mediating the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and disease. Adequate levels of vitamin D may decrease the risks of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, common cancers, and …

Evaluation Of A Vivo-Morpholino Delivery Method To The Brain And The Affect On Physical Activity, David P. Ferguson, Emily E. Schmitt, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Evaluation of a Vivo-Morpholino Delivery Method to the Brain and the Affect on Physical Activity

*David P. Ferguson MS, Emily E. Schmitt MS, J. Timothy Lightfoot PhD FACSM

Biology of Physical Activity Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843

*To be judged in the doctoral category

Physical inactivity has been shown to be correlated to various disease and conditions. Therefore, there is interest in the genetic mechanisms that control daily physical activity. Vivo-morpholinos are a new molecular biology tool that allows for the transient silencing of specific genes in an animal model, thereby allowing for a systematic method to …

Exercise Blood Pressures Are Lower After Aquatic Compared To Land Treadmill Training, Alex T. Carradine, Brad S. Lambert, Nicolas P. Greene, Travis W. Constanzo, Steven E. Martin, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise blood pressures are lower after aquatic compared to land treadmill training

Alex T. Carradine¹, Brad S. Lambert¹, Nicolas P. Greene², Travis W. Constanzo¹, Steven E. Martin¹, Stephen F. Crouse (FACSM)¹. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. ²University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Traditional treadmill training has been shown to moderately decrease exercise blood pressures but the degree to which aquatic running alters exercise blood pressures has not been fully investigated. PURPOSE: To compare the exercise blood pressure responses after land treadmill (LTM) training to an equivalent …

The Correlation Of Physical Activity And Body Composition In Inbred Mice, Analisa M. Jimenez, David P. Ferguson, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Correlation of Physical Activity and Body Composition in Inbred Mice.

Analisa .M Jimenez*; David .P Ferguson MS RCEP; J. Timothy Lightfoot, PhD FACSM RCEPCES

I would like to participate in the undergraduate category.

Biology of Physical Activity Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, 77843-4243

Obesity is a growing epidemic related to physical inactivity, cardiovascular disease, and Type II diabetes. In smaller mouse cohorts, there has been no association reported between physical activity and body composition indices. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if there was a correlation between the physical activity level and body composition in …

Comparing Energy Cost And Maneuverability For Pushers Of Two Pediatric Wheelchairs Designed For Low-Income Countries, Alex Ott, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Summary: Our study compared two pediatric wheelchairs designed for less resourced settings, a wheelchair made by the Association of the Physically Disabled of Kenya and the Regency chair made in the US and distributed globally. The Regency chair outperformed the APDK chair in most aspects measured. Introduction: Many wheelchairs are donated to less-resourced countries by well-meaning organizations without regard to local, cultural, and physical conditions and without ensuring appropriate knowledge, tools, and support are present¹. In the last ten years, several organizations have been manufacturing and distributing wheelchairs designed for low-income countries, however few outcomes studies have been …

High And Low Active Inbred Mice Do Not Show Differential Expression In Potential Candidate Genes Associated With Voluntary Physical Activity, Michelle J. Dawes, David P. Ferguson, Greeshma S. Prabhu, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical inactivity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease, obesity, type II diabetes and some types of cancers. Studies have shown that genetics play a significant role in the regulation of voluntary physical activity. However, these studies involve ad libitum access to wheel running, which may cause confounded results due to a training effect, especially in inherently high active animals. This study investigated the levels of gene expression of four potential candidate genes that have been noted to be expressed differentially between high and low active animals: Myostatin (Mstn), Calsequestrin 1 (Casq1), Glucose Transporter member 4 ( …

Effects Of Obesity And Physical Fitness On Academic Performance In Hispanic High School Students, Areli Garcia, Kyung-Shin Park

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Adolescents experience many changes in body structure and psyco-social functioning. Perceived obesity status and lower physical fitness are negatively associated with academic performance and the impact of these variables in academic performance may be different in males and females. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether levels of obesity and physical fitness have an influence on academic performance in Hispanic male and female adolescents. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), one-mile run and curl-up scores from 1,401 Hispanic adolescents in grades 9-11 were collected (746 males, 655 females). Students were classified into three groups for BMI score using …

Effects Of Telephone Intervention On Maintaining Fat Loss And Physical Fitness Following Summer Intervention Program, Carlos Garcia, Kyung-Shin Park

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is known that children gain most of extra weight and lose physical fitness during summer months due to physical inactivity and an increase in food intake. Summer intervention may reduce the prevalence of obesity in children; however reduction in body fat may be regained after finishing summer intervention. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 week summer lifestyle intervention and 10 month follow-up telephone intervention on changes in body composition and level of physical fitness in Hispanic Children. METHODS: 21 overweight or obese students (over 85 percentile in BMI score) aged 9-16 yrs …

Effects Of Negative Ion Energy Bands On Peak Anaerobic Capacity & Recovery, Kai Holtz, Kevin H. Kendrick Ph. D., John D. Smtih Ph. D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effects of Negative Ion Energy Bands on Peak Anaerobic Capacity & Recovery

Kai Holtz, Kevin H. Kendrick, Ph. D., and John D. Smith, Ph. D.

Texas A&M University - San Antonio

Undergraduate

PURPOSE: To study the effects of a commercially available negative ion “energy band” on peak anaerobic capacity and recovery.

METHODS: Twenty one participants (age = 28.2 + 5.2 yrs, ht = 172.1 + 1.0 cm, wt = 83.3 + 17.5 kg) completed two, 30-sec Wingate trials on a Monark 817E cycle ergometer while wearing either a True Power™ Energy Band (TB) (True Power LLC) or silver …

Association Between Anthropometrics, Vertical Jump And Broad Jump To Pure And Transitional Acceleration In Junior College Baseball Players, Casey J. Bollier, Bryan Alexander, A. Eugene Coleman, A. Hatton, Chris Seponski, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sprint acceleration is a key physical attribute in baseball players that can be characterized by two phases: pure (PURE) and transitional (TRANS) acceleration. In a linear sprint, PURE occurs from the initiation of movement to approximately 15-meters; TRANS acceleration occurs from approximately 15-meters until an athlete reaches top velocity. Since baseball fields are clearly marked at 13.7m (foul-line) and 27.4m (1^st base), acceleration can be determined in a sports-specific environment and these data may be helpful in characterizing player success. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anthropometrics, vertical, and broad jump ability to …

Exercising Metabolic, Ventilatory, And Cardiovascular Responses To Isometric Whole Body Vibration Exercise, Jorge A. Reveron, Cindy Goodson, Terry L. Dupler, Leah C. Stroud, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: To determine if metabolic, ventilatory, or cardiovascular response to isometric squats with or without external load was enhanced by the addition of a whole body vibration (WBV). Methods: Fifteen subjects (28.4±6.5y; 173.7±8.6 cm; 75.5±20.8 kg) underwent four exercise sessions with three days’ rest between sessions. The sample included 7 males and 8 females. Subject performed 10-sets of one-minute isometrics squats with 45 degrees of knee flexion standing on a WBV platform under four conditions: Unloaded, Unloaded Vibration, Loaded, and Loaded Vibration. Each condition was performed on a separate day; the session order was presented at random. One-minute …

A Comparative Study Of Two Pediatric Wheelchairs Based On Therapists' Feedback, Kristen Huff, Vanessa Parra, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Summary

Receiving feedback from therapists and seating specialists is an important part of evaluating and providing quantitative data to wheelchair manufacturers servicing less-resourced settings.

Introduction

There is currently a pressing need for research to enable proper donations of wheelchairs to less resourced settings¹. To appropriately serve a population of persons with disabilities in a given location, it is important to understand the specific needs of that population². People living in less resourced settings have a different lifestyle than those residing in more developed countries, and different functionality and design of wheelchairs is needed³. The …

Using A Lego© Nxt Robotic Vehicle As A Constant Speed Device In Replacement Of A Wheelchair Treadmill For Use In Determining Physical Cost Index Of Pushing A Wheelchair, Joshua Vanleer, Karen Rispin, Darien Harris, Micahel Dueck, Matthew Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Summary

A Lego© robot is being tested as a constant speed device to enable more sensitive data collection on the energy cost of pushing two different wheelchairs designed for low income countries.

Introduction

For many years, treadmills of all kinds including wheel chair treadmills have been utilized to enable energy cost studies to be done at a constant speed because there is a non-linear relationship between the speed of travel and the energy cost of moving. However, these treadmills are expensive, bulky, and simply not available in low-income countries where we have been collecting data on the function of pediatric …

Aging Impairs Ach-Induced Dilation In Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries: Role Of Akt-Dependent Phosphorylation Of Enos., Meredith J. Luttrell, John Seawright, Daniel Trott, Christopher R. Woodman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aging impairs ACh-induced dilation in skeletal muscle feed arteries: role of Akt-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS.

Meredith J. Luttrell¹, John W. Seawright¹, Daniel W. Trott¹ and Christopher R. Woodman^1,2

1. Dept. of Health and Kinesiology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843

2. Dept of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843

We tested the hypothesis that impaired nitric oxide (NO)-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation in aged soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA) is due to an age-related decrement in PI3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) on serine residue 1177 …

A Method Of Altering Coronal Plane Prosthetic Foot Stiffness For Studying Its Effect On Amputee Gait, Courtney E. Shell, Glenn K. Klute, Richard R. Neptune

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In an effort to understand the effects of prosthetic foot stiffness on amputee gait and mobility, it is useful to produce prototype prosthetic feet that differ in stiffness. While many commercial prosthetic feet are made out of carbon fiber, the manufacturing process is ill-suited to design experimentation as it is expensive, time consuming and requires tooling modifications to produce design changes. In order to facilitate a study of the effects of coronal plane prosthetic foot stiffness on amputee maneuvering gait, we are manufacturing custom prosthetic feet using a form of additive manufacturing, selective laser sintering (SLS), that was developed at …

Binge Drinking Following Resistance Exercise: Effect On Muscle Power Recovery, Nosa O. Idemudia, Jakob L. Vingren, Harsh H. Buddhadev, Anthony A. Duplanty, Kiannah R. Williams, Joe Chua, David W. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Alcohol impairs recovery of isokinetic performance following muscle damaging resistance exercise but no knowledge exists regarding alcohol’s effect on recovery of performance in explosive isotonic movements following resistance exercise that induces only limited muscle damage. Purpose: To investigate the effect of alcohol on recovery from resistance exercise for explosive performance measures. Methods: Nine healthy men (Mean ± SD: 24.8 ± 3.2 years, 176 ± 7 cm, 86.4 ± 14.6 kg) completed 2 identical acute heavy resistance exercise tests (AHRET) separated by 1 week. The AHRET consisted of 6 sets of 10 repetitions of smith machine squats at 80% of 1-repetition …