Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Physical Activity And Screen Time Sedentary Behaviors In College Students, Charles J. Fountaine, Gary A. Liguori, Arupendra Mozumdar, John M. Schuna Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

It is well established that Americans are not meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines and college students are no exception. Given the lack of regular PA, many health promotion professionals seek to discover what barriers to PA may exist. A common explanation is screen time (ST), which is comprised primarily of television viewing, computer use, and the playing of video games. The purpose of this study was to present descriptive data on college students’ PA and sedentary behavior and to assess if any evidence exists to suggest displacement between sedentary behaviors and PA in college students. Students completed an online health …

Accuracy Of The Omron Hbf-500 Body Composition Monitor In Male And Female College Students, Michael I. Pribyl, John D. Smith, G Richard Grimes

International Journal of Exercise Science

The Omron HBF-500 is an inexpensive body composition monitor that incorporates both hand-to-hand and foot-to-foot electrical impedance technology. At this time, studies examining the accuracy of the HBF-500 when estimating percent body fat (%BF) are scarce and if this instrument gains popularity due to its claimed precision, comparisons against validated techniques should be conducted. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Omron HBF-500 body composition monitor using the BOD POD as a criterion. Forty-eight men and 33 women participated in the study (24.3±6.9 years, 171.0±10.0 cm, 78.4±18.0 kg, 26.6±5.1 kg/m2). Participants were asked to refrain …

Child Obesity In Context: Ecology Of Family And Community, Joel E. Williams

International Journal of Exercise Science

Minority and low socioeconomic status groups have the highest rates of overweight and obesity. Children from these families face a greater risk for weight-related health problems such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer as compared to their non-minority and more affluent peers. Factors from the larger physical, social, and cultural environments, and within families, influence weight status among children. Many of these factors are yet to be identified and relationships among known factors are complex and not well understood. The National Institutes of Health and U.S. Department of Agriculture have proposed a research agenda for social and behavioral scientists to …

Voluntary Wheel Running During Weight Loss Leads To Differential Changes In Monocytes, Compared To Forced Treadmill Running, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Thomas W. Lowder, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-fat feeding and subsequent weight gain may contribute to innate immune dysfunction. Weight loss via calorie restriction and exercise represent one means to restore normal immune function. The purpose of the study was to examine how 8- weeks of aerobic exercise and low-fat diet affects weight gain, monocyte concentration, and monocyte cell-surface expression of TLR2, TLR4, CD80, and CD86. For 12- months, 24 male CD-1 mice underwent a pre-treatment phase, consuming either a low fat (10% fat) or high-fat (60% fat) diet ad libitum. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups (N=6/group): CN (low-fat sedentary), V-EX (voluntary wheel …

Run Like A Kenyan: How To Be An Elite Athlete The Kenyan Way, Becca Blubaugh

Undergraduate Research Conference

By observation and statistics, research shows that one dominating elite group in running is the Kenyan distance runners, specifically the Kalenjinethnic group. Many aspects of the Kenyan life were found to contribute to their efficiency and success. Analyzing Kenyan aspects of environment, altitude, society, diet, transportation, motives, and training may reveal possible ways American runners can improve their running.

The Comparison Of Hamstring/Quadriceps Strength Ratio In The Dominant Versus The Non-Dominant Leg Of Elite Female Artistic Gymnasts, Marina Moure

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The majority of the injuries in women's artistic gymnastics occur in the lower limbs (Marshall et al, 2007). Hamstring muscle strains are prevalent in sports that involve sprinting (Ekstrand & Quillist, 1985; Orchard, 2001; Croisier et al., 2008) with a high reinjury ratio (Orchard, 1993; Orchard, 1997). Recent studies have linked an increase of muscle injury rate in the lower limbs to strength muscle imbalance between legs and the relation between the hamstring and quadriceps strength (Croisier et al., 2002; Yamamoto, 2008; Sugiura et al, 2008). In order to determine if there is an imbalance in women's artistic gymnastics, forty-three …

Effect Of Body Mass And Added Mass On Treadmill Performance, Rachel Elizabeth Walker

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Strenuous physical activity in extreme environments is an important part of the activities of military personnel. The average infantry combat load for an infantry on the loaded tasks. Subjects performed an outdoor 4.8-km run and four maximal treadmill tests wearing the loads listed above. Subjects' pulmonary function was tested with load prior to each treadmill session. Peak values of heart rate, VO₂, exercise ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio were measured at the end of each maximal treadmill test. Significant decreases were found in pulmonary function measures (FEV₁, FVC and MVV) with increasing load. Most peak responses …

Neuromuscular Adaptations In Elderly Adults Are Task-Specific During Stepping And Obstacle Clearance Tasks., Matthew Bice, Nicholas J. Hanson, James A. Eldridge, Paul Reneau, Douglas W. Powell

International Journal of Exercise Science

Elderly adults have a diminished movement capacity due to physiological and neurological declines associated with advancing age. Previous research suggests that elderly adults use altered neuromuscular patterns to conduct activities of daily living (ADLs). Limited research has addressed these altered activation strategies in obstacle clearance, stair ascent and stair descent. The purpose of this study was to compare neuromuscular activation patterns in young and elderly adults during these tasks. Eleven young and 10 healthy elderly adults performed five downward stepping, upward stepping and obstacle clearance trials. Surface EMG was measured from the quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. A …

Effects Of Energy Drinks On Metabolism At Rest And During Submaximal Treadmill Exercise In College Age Males., Janae Nienhueser, Gregory A. Brown, Brandon S. Shaw, Ina Shaw

International Journal of Exercise Science

Energy drinks are widely available and popular among athletes and non-athletes. However, the effects of energy drinks on resting and exercise energy expenditure and metabolism remain largely unknown. On four separate occasions, baseline measurements of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) were obtained in ten healthy males (21.4 ± 1.6 y, 77.60± 7.5 kg, 180.0 ± 7.1 cm). Then, in a randomly assigned cross-over design, the subjects consumed 473 ml of one of three commercially available energy drinks or a placebo and then RMR and RER were measured 1 hour later. The subjects then engaged in 15 …

Ankle Spatting Compared To Bracing Or Taping During Maximal-Effort Sprint Drills, Grant D. Reuter, Angela R. Dahl, David S. Senchina

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of 4 ankle conditions (no support, bracing, taping, taping + spatting; all in football cleats) during 2 maximal-effort field drills (40-yd dash and 34-yd cutting drill) on perceptions of comfort and stability and performance outcomes. Fourteen young adult males participated. Subjects’ perceptions of comfort and stability were assessed by visual analogue scales after each drill for each ankle condition. Time-to-completion and post-completion heart rate were recorded. For both drills, significant differences in comfort perception were found such that subjects perceived no support as equivocal to bracing but more comfortable than …

Cadence, Stride Rate And Stride Length During Triathlon Competition, Grant J. Landers, Brian A. Blanksby, Timothy R. Ackland

International Journal of Exercise Science

Triathlon research shows cycling alters the physiological response of subsequent running but, at present, biomechanical changes are unresolved. This study examined cycling cadence and running stride rate (SR) and length (SL) used by senior elite triathletes during competition. These variables were then compared to running and triathlon performance.

Data from 51 elite male World Championships triathletes were analysed via video recordings and Video Expert II Coach. Triathletes revealed consistent cadences throughout the majority of the cycle (96.8 +2.7 rpm) and run (90.9 +2.4 rpm) disciplines. However, a cadence increase (99.6 +5.7 rpm) was recorded at the completion of the cycle …

Call Accuracy And Distance From The Play: A Study With Brazilian Soccer Referees, Mario Cesar Oliveira, Rogério Orbetelli, Turíbio L. Barros Neto

International Journal of Exercise Science

Refereeing decisions in soccer has always been a controversial issue. In order to better understand this subject, foul calls made by Brazilian soccer referees were evaluated to determine the potential relationship between the distance from the referee to a foul play and the accuracy of the call. Soccer matches supervised by the São Paulo State Football Federation were recorded and 321 foul calls were analyzed. No significant association was found between the referee’s distance from a foul play and accuracy of the call (p = 0.561). However, there was a significant increase in the number of correct calls in the …

Relationship Between Stroking Parameters And Leg Movement Quantity In 100 Metre Front, Andrew Sortwell

International Journal of Exercise Science

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between stroking technique parameters and leg kick quantity in 100 m front crawl swim. Ten New South Wales Sydney Metropolitan swimmers were examined (14.1 ± 1.09 years). The investigation was performed during 100 metre swimming (average speed 1.35 ± .04 [m.s-1]) commencing from water at 50 m outdoor pool. Stroke length (SL), Stroke rate (SR), Swim velocity (SV), Leg Kick Quantity (LKQ) were measured. Arm stroking parameters and LKQ were analysed during segment of the 100m distance. The relationship between SR and LKQ was negative. The correlation between stroke length …

Analysis Of Heel Raise Exercise With Three Foot Positions, Kimberly J. Arnsdorff, Ken Limbaugh, Bryan L. Riemann

International Journal of Exercise Science

ABSTRACT Prior research revealed activation differences between the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius when performing heel raise exercise with neutral (N), internally-rotated (IR) and externally-rotated (ER) foot positions. Studying underlying biomechanics may help explain activation differences. The purpose was to compare ankle (AN), knee (KN), and hip (HI) contributions (initial joint angles) to attaining each initial foot position, ankle flexion-extension range of motion, ankle mechanical energy expenditure, repetition time, and percent cycle concentric-eccentric transition between N, IR, and ER foot positions. Twenty healthy subjects (11 male, 9 female) with resistance training experience performed twelve repetitions of free-weight (135% body …

The Effects Of Ellipical Cross Training On Vo2 Max In Recently Trained Runners, Dustin Joubert, Gary Oden, Brent Estes

International Journal of Exercise Science

This study examined the effects of elliptical cross training on VO2max in recently-trained runners. 12 female and 8 male participants (mean  SD; age = 23.70  6.33 years, body mass index = 24.85  5.89 kg/m2) completed an initial four-week run training program, exercising four days/week, 30 minutes/day, at 80% maximal heart rate. VO2max was predicted based on the duration of a Bruce graded-maximal treadmill test (GXT) prior to and after the run training. After initial training phase and post-test, subjects volunteered for the detrain group (n = 6) or were assigned to the run (n = 7) or …

The International Journal Of Exercise Science: 2010 Year In Review, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Thomas S. Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

The International Journal of Exercise Science: 2010 Year in Review

Soccer Fatigue’S Effect On Standardized Assessment Of Concussion (Sac) Test, Melissa A. Hayes, Frank B. Wyatt, Katie J. Lyman, John D. Reeves

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) assessment tool was developed to objectively assess an athlete’s cognitive functioning on the sideline in order to properly determine safe return to play for an athlete following a possible concussion. It is intended to administer a baseline SAC test to athletes during exercise, but often it is administered at rest. PURPOSE: the purpose of this study is to explored the relationship between soccer fatigue and cognitive function as it relates to sideline concussion assessment in order to help sports medicine clinicians make return to play decisions after a possible concussion. METHODS: Seventeen (n=17) collegiate …

Influence Of Controlled Breathing On Cerebrovascular Control During Upright Tilt, Chelsea R. Barrera, Steven A. Romero, Caroline A. Rickards, William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Arterial pressures oscillate with the frequency of respiration, and these oscillations are translated directly to the cerebrovasculature. For this reason, intrinsic cerebrovascular control is assessed at the low frequency (LF; .07-.2 Hz). When humans breathe spontaneously, it is possible that breathing frequency encroaches on these non-respiratory rhythms, thereby confounding the interpretation of intrinsic cerebrovascular control. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that controlled breathing (CB) decreases, and spontaneous breathing (SB) increases the reliance of cerebral blood velocity on arterial pressure within the LF range in both the supine and upright postures. METHODS: We recorded ECG, finger arterial pressure (Finometer), transcranial Doppler …

Low Flow-Mediated Constriction: Prevalence, Impact, And Physiological Determinant, Kristin L. Parkhurst, Michelle Harrison, Takashi Tarumi, Hsin-Fu Lin, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a surrogate marker for endothelial function. In the FMD procedure, arterial response during cuff inflation is not taken into consideration yet studies have demonstrated vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and no change in the brachial artery during cuff inflation. The term low flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC) has been introduced to describe the vasoconstriction that occurs in some individuals during inflation of the cuff. PURPOSE: To determine 1) if brachial artery response during cuff inflation differed in a population with varied coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor profiles, 2) the impact of this response on the subsequent calculation of FMD, and …

Use Of Counter-Balanced Smith Machine Affects Performance Measurements For Rebound Bench Press Throws, Harsh Buddhadev, Anthony A. Duplanty, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen L. Goggin, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rebound bench presses throws (RBT), often performed on a Smith machine, are used for assessment and training of upper body power. During a RBT, the stretch-shortening cycle potentiates performance in the concentric movement. Smith machines frequently utilize a counter-balance weight to reduce the net load on the barbell; however, the use of counter-balance weight affects measures of performance for RBT. PURPOSE: To evaluate how the use of a counter-balanced Smith machine affects performance measures for RBT. METHODS: Performance measures for the no counter-balanced (NCB) and counter-balanced (CB) RBT were assessed for 24 men (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 179 …

Effect Of Using A Counter-Balanced Smith Machine On Performance Measurements For Concentric-Only Bench Press Throws, Anthony A. Duplanty, Harsh Buddhadev, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen Goggin, Jakob Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bench press throws using a Smith machine are often used for assessment and training of upper body power. Concentric only bench press throws (CON-BT) provide important information on an individual’s ability to produce force from a static start. Smith machines often utilize a counter-balance weight system to reduce the net load on the barbell; however, it is not known how counter-balance weight affects measurements of performance during a CON-BT. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of a counter-balance weight on CON-BT performance measurements. METHODS: 24 men (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 179 ± 6 cm, mass: 91 ± 17 kg, …

Differences In Heart Disease Risk Perception And Actual Cardiac Risk In Men Vs. Women, Amanda K. Dietz, Steve Martin, Becky Braden, Thomas Meade, Kathy L. Hill, Stephen F. Crouse, John S. Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Differences in Heart Disease Risk Perception and Actual Cardiac Risk in Male vs. Female Cardiac Patients Amanda Dietz, Julie Borsack, Steve Martin, Kathy L. Hill, Thomas Meade, Stephen F. Crouse, FACSM, and John S. Green, FACSM Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Sponsor: John S. Green, FACSM)

PURPOSE: To describe gender differences in both risk perception and actual coronary risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: 33 females and 67 males with documented CAD completed a questionnaire designed to assess CAD risk perception. They also underwent assessments for all ACSM risk factors. Five-point Likert scale responses to the …

The Association Between Physical Activity And Psychological Needs In College-Aged Mexican-American Males, Vanessa M. Martinez, Cheng-Chen Pan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Association between Physical Activity and Psychological Needs in College-Aged Mexican-American Males Vanessa Martinez (Masters), Cheng-Chen Pan, Robert Reguenes, Gabriela Allen, Charity Cavazos, David Wittenburg, Jared Montoya The University of Texas at Brownsville In the last several decades, there has been a tremendous wave of interest in the overweight/obese population in the United States. However, comparatively little research has focused on the association between psychological needs and physical activity (PA) of college-aged Mexican-American males. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationships between PA, obesity, and psychological needs for exercise among college-aged Mexican-American males. METHODS: Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and BMI measures …

Effect Of Plasma Donation On Responses To Exhaustive Severe Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise, John H. Curtis, David W. Hill, Samantha Burdette, Jakob Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the effects of plasma donation on responses to severe intensity exercise. METHODS: Four women (mean ± SD: age, 27 ± 7 years; height, 163 ± 13 cm; weight, 62.9 ± 12.0 kg) and six men (age, 25 ± 2 years; height, 180 ± 6 cm; weight, 87.3 ± 6.2 kg) performed exhaustive cycle ergometer tests under control conditions, and then 2 h, 2 d, and 7 d following plasma donation. RESULTS: Times to exhaustion at baseline and 2 h, 2 d, and 7 d following plasmapheresis were …

High Percentage Of Fat Calorie Intake May Result In Overweight Cyclists, Not Total Amount Of Calorie Intake, Kwangseok Hong, Kijeong Kim, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, representing a major health care challenge in the 21st century. There were numerous studies conducted to find a most effective intervention for reducing percentage of body fat. Among those interventions, exercise training has been proven to be a very effective strategy by enhancing the capacity to burn more body fat (fat oxidation capacity). However, there are the number of trained people with high % body fat even though they maintain high level of physical activity. PURPOSE: To compare various physiological variables including fat oxidation and diet patterns between normal and overweight trained cyclists. METHODS: …

Effects Of Pre- And Post-Exercise Protein Vs. Carbohydrate Ingestion On Training Adaptations In Collegiate Female Athletes, Andrew White, Mallory Mcadams, Caleb Woodall, Kristin Dugan, Sara Roman, Cliffa A. Foster, Colin D. Wilborn, Lem W. Taylor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The role of nutrient timing both before and after daily training sessions is now a major part of the nutritional recommendations for athletes to maximize training adaptations. However, there still exists some questions on the ideal macronutrient selection for these pre- and post-workout meals. PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of protein vs. carbohydrate ingestion in collegiate female basketball players. METHODS: 14 (20.2 ± 1.4 years, 169.4 ± 5.8 cm, 67.5 ± 6.1 kg, 27.1 ± 4.4 %BF) NCAA Division III female basketball players were matched by weight and randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to consume 24 grms whey …

Neuromuscular Responses Of The Vastus Lateralis To Slow Walking With Vascular Restriction., Robert Cardenas, Charity Cavazos, Jose A. Leal Jr., Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Motor unit recruitment of individual muscles could substantially differ with changes in speed and load. However, the recruitment patterns associated with low intensity walk training with vascular restriction at sustained loads and constant speed could be different than normal walking. Vascular restricted (VR) walk training is an effective method for increasing muscular strength; however the changes in motor unit recruitment and firing frequency have not been investigated to understand the mechanisms underlying the neuromuscular adaptations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in electrical activity of the vastus lateralis during VR and non vascular restricted (non-VR) walking …

Comparison Of Two Back-Squat Training Protocols, Thomas A. Feild, Joe Priest Dr., Rod Cole

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Eccentric Overload Training (EOT) and Conventional Training (CT) both contain eccentric components, however EOT utilizes more weight on the bar than the lifter can use during concentric contractions. Previous studies have suggested that EOT may produce benefits beyond what is observed for CT. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the results of two different methods of strength training on one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back-squat (BkSq) and Hang Clean (HCl). Methods and Procedures. Ten collegiate male cheerleader athletes volunteered to participate in the study and performed 1-RM max back-squat prior to and following 13 weeks of training. Four …

The Effect Of Pedaling Cadence On The Kinetics Of Oxygen Uptake During Severe Intensity Exercise, Jennifer L. Sylvester, Samantha D. Burdette, David W. Hill, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During exhaustive severe intensity exercise, the oxygen uptake (VO2) increases exponentially, with a time constant of ~30 s. After ~1 to 2 min, a slow component emerges and drives the VO2 to its maximum. Pedaling cadence contributes to the metabolic demand at a given work rate and affects several responses to cycling exercise. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of pedaling cadence on parameters of the two-component VO2 response profile during severe intensity exercise. METHODS: Eight women (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 1 yr, height 161 ± 6 cm, and weight 58.8 ± 2.3 kg) and 10 men (age 23 …

Agreement Of Health Status Classification And Body Composition Differences In Asian Indian Students Upon Residence In The United States, Hina Garg, G. Richard Grimes, Nestor W. Sherman, Christopher M. Hearon, William W. Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity is one of the major health problems in the United States (U.S.). As Asian Indian students immigrate to the U.S., the effect of acculturation to the U.S. lifestyle is an area of concern. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) examine the health-risk status of Asian Indians with respect to agreement in classifications of percent body fat (PF) and body mass index (BMI), and 2) examine the effects of U.S. residence duration on body composition of Asian Indian college students. METHODS: Forty-two Asian Indian males and females were divided into two groups according to length of residence. …