Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Locomotive Biomechanics Wearing A Simulated Portable Life Support System During Varying Cognitive And Treadmill Grade Conditions, Brittany K. Sanchez, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The Portable Life Support System (PLSS) worn by astronauts during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) is contained within a backpack. Due to the inherent mass of the PLSS, astronaut center of mass (COM) is altered during ambulation. Recent studies from our laboratory suggest shifts in the COM of the PLSS have minimal effects on exercising metabolism, although differences were observed in trunk angles during ambulation. During EVA, astronauts continuously perform cognitive tasks (CG). Due to the distractive nature of these tasks, safety may be compromised by altered biomechanics. Purpose: To quantify lower extremity kinematics while walking with a simulated PLSS at …

Effect Of A Low Carbohydrate-Moderate Protein Supplement On Endurance Performance In Female Athletes, Erin L. Mccleave, Lisa Ferguson-Stegall, Zhenping Ding, Phillip Doerner, Bei Wang, Lynne Kammer, John L. Ivy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous research has shown that consuming a carbohydrate supplement during prolonged endurance exercise improves performance compared to water or placebo. The addition of protein to traditional carbohydrate supplement has been shown to further improve perfomance beyond that of carbohydrate alone. However, few investigations have explored the effect of adding protein to a supplement containing a low carbohydrate concentration. PURPOSE: To investigate if a low carbohydrate and moderate protein supplement, provided during prolonged variable intensity exercise, would improve time to exhaustion in comparison to a traditional carbohydrate supplement. METHODS: Fourteen (n = 14) trained females cyclists and triathletes (30.4 ±1.6 yrs, …

Speed And Agility Prediction Models In High School Football Players, James J. Tufano, William E. Amonette, A. Eugene Coleman, Terry L. Dupler, Troy Wenzel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Optimal relationships between speed, agility, power and body mass are essential in American football. An increase in body mass, theoretically, reduces acceleration (Newton’s 2nd Law). However, an increase in lean body mass may enhance overall force or power generating potential and momentum of an athlete. Body mass, height, and vertical jump height are routinely measured, easily obtainable, and may be used as predictors of speed and agility. Purpose: To determine associations between height, vertical jump height, and body mass to speed and agility in high school football players. Methods: Data were collected on 1261 male football players (16.4±0.9yrs, 179.7±6.9cm, …

The Effect Of A Caffeine Energy Drink On Cardiovascular Responses During Intense Exercise, Joe Sillivent, Kim Coffman, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: Despite the growing popularity of energy drinks, many do not realize the negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Little research has investigated the electrocardiographic effects of energy drinks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of energy drink ingestion on the cardiovascular system at rest and during exercise. Methods: Seven healthy adults (24.3 ± 3.5 yrs; wt = 66.0 ± 2.2 kg) participated in this double blind study. Subjects ingested a placebo (PL) or Redline (RL) energy drink (240ml; 316 mg caffeine) 40 minutes before maximal graded exercise test (GXT). Subjects were asked to …

Concurrent Resistance And Aquatic Treadmill Training Elicits Greater Lean Mass Gains Than Resistance Training Alone., Brad S. Lambert, Nicholas P. Greene, Green S. John (Facsm), Stephen F. Crouse (Facsm)

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of combined aquatic treadmill training (ATM) and resistance training (RT) on body composition (Bcomp), strength, and VO2max following 12 wks of training compared to RT alone. METHODS: 5 healthy, sedentary men (32.6yr ±11, 187.5 cm ±4.9, 107.9 kg ±19.5) and 6 women (34.2 yrs ±14.3, 166.6 cm ±8.4, 78.6 kg ±19.69) were recruited and screened to assess VO2max (GXT), Bcomp (DEXA), and strength. During strength assessment, 1RMs were assessed in this order: leg press, chest press, leg curl, lat pull, leg ext, triceps push-down, biceps curl. Subjects were then randomized into 2 groups. Both groups …

The Influence Of Different Length Between Match Microcycles On Neuromuscular, Hormonal And Perceptual Responses In Professional Rugby League Players, Blake D. Mclean, Aaron J. Coutts, Vince Kelly, Michael R. Mcguigan, Stuart Cormack

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Optimal recovery between matches is critically important in team sports. Indeed, altered neuromuscular performance, hormone levels and increased fatigue can manifest in under recovered team sport athletes. However, the recovery patterns in these variables in the days following professional rugby league matches is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different between-match training periods on neuromuscular, hormonal and perceptual measures in professional rugby league players. Following familiarization, 12 professional rugby league players from the same team were assessed for changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) (force, power, flight time), perceptual responses (fatigue, well being and muscle …

Association Of Aerobic Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Firefighters, Cara Kirby, Steven E. Martin, Brad S. Lambert, Nic P. Greene, John S. Green, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. A study by Jurca and coworkers (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(8):1301-1307, 2004) found a relationship between aerobic fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). In addition, recent work in our lab (Int J Exerc Sci 2(1): S43, 2009) has supported these findings. However, research exploring this relationship is still lacking in male firefighters, whose leading cause of line-of-duty deaths is heart attacks. Purpose: To further evaluate the association …

The Relationship Of Metabolic Syndrome And Aerobic Exercise In Adult Male Fire Fighters, Kady E. Allender, Steven E. Martin, Nic P. Greene, Brad S. Lambert, John S. Green, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies have concluded that incidence of Metabolic Syndrome may be greater in male firefighters than in the US male population. A recent study reported that approximately 31% of firefighters were positive for Metabolic Syndrome; compared to 24% for the U.S. male population (NCEPIII). Participation in aerobic exercise may decrease the risk of Metabolic Syndrome as cardiac risk factors are improved. This study aims to determine the effect of aerobic exercise participation on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a sample of male firefighters. Purpose: To examine the effect of aerobic exercise participation on the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in …

The Effects Of Endurance Training And Short-Term High Intensity Sprint Training On Performance And Endurance Related Variables In Well-Trained Endurance Cyclists, Jessica L. Goulder, Marissa G. Spitz, Kara N. Weaver, Kelyn S. Rola, Joel B. Mitchell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Recent research has suggested supramaximal training can be an effective means of improving endurance performance; however ultra high intensity training (UHIT) has not been examined as a replacement of training volume in a well-trained endurance population. Overuse-related injuries, recurring illness, feelings of staleness, and overtraining that are often associated with high volume training may be avoided with low volume, UHIT training. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two weeks of low volume UHIT with two weeks of traditional HV endurance training on lactate threshold (LT), VO2max, steady state efficiency, substrate utilization rates, and …

Relationship Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Whole Body Bone Mineral Density, Human Growth Hormone, And Leptin In Women, Benjamin A. Ramirez, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The benefits of structured exercise on bone health have been well documented. However, less understood is the influence of leisure-time physical activity (LA) on BMD. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between LA, whole body BMD, and serum levels of human growth hormone (HGH) and leptin. METHODS: One hundred two apparently healthy, premenopausal women (Mean ± SD Age: 43.1 ± 4.5 y; BMI: 26.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2; body fat: 41.6 ± 7.9 %) participated in the study. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was quantified as total minutes of moderate to vigorous activity and then participants were …

A Comparison Of Adaptations Via Either A Linear Periodization Or An Undulating Periodization Model Of Weight Training, Morgan Lewing, Colin Wilborn, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Resistance training has been proven to have a positive impact on parameters such as muscular strength, hypertrophy and endurance. Periodization is a progressive mode of training that has been shown to illicit greater results than programs that stay consistent throughout. The two prime modes of periodization are linear (LP), which progresses from high volume/low intensity to low volume/high intensity, and undulating (UP) which follows an oscillating volume/intensity design. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 12 week linear program to those from an undulating program on strength and body composition when both programs reflect …

Partial Weightbearing At 1/6 And 1/3 G Does Not Prevent Deleterious Changes In Bone Observed With Traditional Tail Suspension (0 G), Sarah Luna, Josh Swift, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, M Lucas, Florence Lima, Liz Greene, Harry Hogan, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effect of partial gravity (G) (as on the Lunar surface) on weight bearing bone remains undefined; a new model (the partial G mouse) provides for graded reductions in weight bearing. We hypothesized that mice exposed to 1/6th G and 1/3rd G (to mimic Lunar weightbearing with full spacesuit) will experience significant reductions in cortical and cancellous bone mass as compared to ambulatory control animals but that the magnitude of these changes would be less than in 0 G mice. Methods: Fifty-eight BALB/cBy female mice were randomly assigned to cage control (1G), “zero-gravity” hindlimb unloaded (0G), 1/6th gravity (G/6), or …

Identifying Central Patterns Of Motor Control In Pathological Gait, John S. Ward

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The central pattern generator (CPG) for walking is an open loop system that drives lower limb movements in a relatively rhythmic fashion once motion has started with minimal need for additional afferent input. The role of the CPG in the pathological gait of Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (ISCI) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has not been studied thoroughly. Understanding how the CPG contributes to motor control in these special populations will serve as a standard upon which to compare new treatments to improve gait function. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of CPG patterns in individuals …

The Impact Of Latent Herpesvirus Infections On The Mobilization Of Recent Thymic Emigrants And Extrathymic T-Cells In Response To Acute Aerobic Exercise In Man, Jerrald L. Rector, Guillaume Spielmann, Austin J. Bigley, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

T-cells typically mature in the thymus gland, which eventually succumbs to age-related atrophy, resulting in a decreased naïve T-cell repertoire in middle to later years. Aged individuals and those with persistently reactivating herpesvirus infections have an increased reliance on the extrathymic maturation of T-cells due to the shrinking effects that age and latent viral infection has on the naïve T-cell repertoire. Acute bouts of aerobic exercise are known to mobilize T-cells that exhibit both a naïve and late-stage differentiation phenotype into the blood compartment; however, it is not known if recent thymic emigrants (RTE) or extrathymic T-cells contribute to the …

The Impact Of Latent Cmv Infection On Nk-Cell Mobilization And Expression Of Klrg1 And Cd57 In Response To Acute Exercise., Austin B. Bigley, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effectors of the innate immune system that are able to distinguish healthy autologous cells from tumors and virally infected cells. NK-cells kill the targeted cells by releasing cytotoxic proteins, a process that is governed by inhibitory surface receptors, such as KLRG1. Additionally, activated NK-cells are able to proliferate in response to immunological stimuli, a process that is inhibited in NK-cells expressing the senescence marker CD57. Acute bouts of exercise are known to mobilize NK cells into the blood compartment, which could alter immunity; however, whether or not exercise alters NK-cell KLRG1 and CD57 expression …

Serum Il-6 Is Increased During Performance Cycling After Energy Drink Consumption, Jonathan Woodson, Melody Phillips, Jacob Ross, Kelyn Rola, Kenneth Christensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Energy Drinks (ED) have become popular preexercise supplements due to the stimulant effects of their ingredients such as caffeine. Other ingredients including carbohydrate (CHO), glucuronolactone and taurine may also contribute to performance enhancement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of energy drink consumption on cycling performance, substrate oxidation and immune-related variables. Methods: This study was a blinded, randomized, cross-over design with 3 experimental conditions. Eleven trained male cyclists (mean age 33.4±8.9 yr, body mass 81±7.6 kg, VO2max 51.72±3.4 ml*kg-1*min-1) consumed 3 different 500 ml beverages: 1) Energy Drink (ED1- 2.0g taurine, 1.2 g glucoronolactone, 160 …

Reliability And Validity Of An Electronic Inclinometer (Ei) And Standard Goniometer (Sg) For Measuring The Q-Angle In 2 Different Positions In A Sample Of Women, Emerenciana S. Ferro

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The Q-angle is formed by the longitudinal axis of the femur and the line of pull of the patellar ligament. Possible larger Q-angles may be linked with patellofemoral pain. The reliability and concurrent validity of the EI and the SG has also not been investigated for measurement of the Q-angle.

Purposes: To determine the intra- and inter-tester reliability of Q-angle measurements in the supine and standing positions and concurrent validity between these tools. Methods: Two testers (an experienced physical therapist (PT) and a novice PT student) measured participants’ Q-angles (32 women; 19 to 35 years) using the EI and …

Accuracy Of Rt3 Accelerometer And Sensewear Armband To Estimate Free-Living Energy Expenditure, Elisabeth I. Cavegn, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Devices that estimate energy expenditure (EE), such as the RT3 accelerometer and the SenseWear (SW) Armband, are a convenient way to assess free-living activity, as they store multiple days of data. Purpose: This study evaluated the ability of the RT3 accelerometer and the SW Armband to accurately estimate the total EE of adults under free-living conditions compared to indirect calorimetry (IC). Methods: A total of three men and six women [mean (SD) age: 30.9 (16.6) y; height: 168.3 (10.2) cm; body mass: 64.2 (10.4) kg; BMI: 22.5 (1.8) kg/m2] participated in this study. Each participant wore the RT3 accelerometer at …

Walking Class Step Average, Step Intensity, Distance Covered And Leisure Physical Activity Of College Students, Kimberly D. Tallent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stepping levels in and outside of a prescribed walking class and leisure time physical activity (PA) of college students. METHOD. Participants in the study were twenty three male (n = 9) and female (n = 14) enrolled in a walking class that met Monday through Friday for five weeks during the summer. Students completed the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at the beginning and end of the course and followed the prescribed walking times during class. Step counts were ascertained both in and outside …

Estimating Percent Body Fat In Disabled Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study, Becky Garner, Judy R. Wilson, Abu Yilla, Mark Ricard, Brad Heddins, Barry Mckeown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Accurate and simple to administer field methods that currently exist tend to underestimate values when used to determine percent body fat (%BF) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This group of people is more prone to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as other secondary conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three methods of measuring body composition as compared to total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. These three methods included air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod), hydrostatic weighing (HW) and seven site skinfold (SKF) measurement as recommended by the American College of …

Body Composition Assessment Methods: A Systematic Review And Recommendations, Ygnacio Lopez Iii, Scherezade Mama, Penny Wilson, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Physical Activity Resource Attributes And Obesity In Low-Income African Americans Living In Public Housing, Kristen M. Mcalexander, Jorge A. Banda, Joshua W. Mcalexander, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Daily Variation In Monocyte Subsets And Toll-Like Receptor 2 And 4 Expression In Young And Old Mice, Whitney L. Breslin, Kelley Strohacker, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Depression And Percent Body Fat Are Associated With Binge Eating In A Community Sample Of African American And Hispanic Women, Penny Wilson, Paula C. Rhode, Daniel P. O'Connor, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Voluntary Exercise Causes Greater Weight Loss In Obese Mice, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Mark R. Morrison, Joseph Potucek, Nadia Agha, Richard J. Simpson Phd, Thomas W. Lowder Phd, Brian K. Mcfarlin Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Regular Physical Activity Is Correlated With A Reduced Frequency Of Senescent T-Lymphocytes In Middle-Aged Men, Guillaume Spielmann, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Paula J.W. Smith, Keith Guy, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Age-Related Differences In Monocyte Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 And Cd54 Expression In Mice, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Muscular Benefits Of 13 Weeks Of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling After Spinal Cord Injury, John Ward, Stanley Fisher, Adam Thrasher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Body Image And Physical Activity In African American Women, Scherezade K. Mama, Beth E. Quill Mph, Maria E. Fernandez-Esquer Phd, Jacqueline Y. Reese-Smith, Jorge A. Banda, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Use Of The Timed Walk Test, Physiological Cost Index And Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire As Outcomes Measurements For The Validation Of The Legs M1 Knee, Katie Leatherwood, Wayne Jacobs, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

LeTourneau Empowering Global Solutions (LEGS) administered a preliminary study comparing energy cost and patient satisfaction of three different prosthetic knee configurations. The LEGS M1 knee was compared with both a locked LEGS M1 knee and the OrthoEurope 4-bar (OE4bar) knee. Energy cost was measured using the Physiological Cost Index (PCI) and Timed Walk Test (TWT). Patient satisfaction was measured using the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). The TWT and PCI indicated that the LEGS M1 knee was more costly to walk with than the OE4Bar conformation. In the comparison between the LEGS MI knee and the locked configuration, TWT and PCI …