Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Body Composition And Physical Fitness Of Students In High School Vs. Students Enrolled In High School Sports Academia Programs, Gunnhildur Hinriksdóttir, Frosti Sigurðsson, Anna S. Ólafsdóttir, Ragnar Bjarnason, Sigurbjörn Á. Arngrímsson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In recent years more and more high schools in Iceland are offering sports academia programs. These programs are intended for teenage athletes in various sports who have the potential of becoming elite athletes. The sports academia programs make it easier for these student athletes to focus on training for their sport while attending high school, and thereby, enable them to get a good education and enhance their athletic potential. These programs also have the potential to reduce drop-out in sports because it is easier for the students to balance athletics and academics. Nevertheless, sports performance is not necessarily linked to …

Body Composition, Physical Activity And Fitness In Children With Moderate-To-Severe Intellectual Disability, Sigurbjorn A. Arngrimsson, Ingi T. Einarsson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising in most parts of the world over the past two decades (1, 2). This rise could pose even a greater problem for people with intellectual disability (ID) because they are more likely to be obese than people without ID (3). Furthermore, research has shown that a sedentary lifestyle is more prevalent among people with ID than otherwise healthy people in modern society (4). In the general population, the adverse effects of obesity on health begin early in life and physical inactivity and adiposity are associated with metabolic diseases and cancers …

The Physiological Stress Response To Anaerobic Exercise Is Altered Following Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation, Dan J. Peart, Richard Kirk, Angela Hillman, Bryna Chrismas, Leigh Madden, Jason Siegler, Rebecca Vince

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a nutritional aid that is proposed to enhance performance by reducing the state of exercise induced acidosis, however research is currently equivocal. Despite this, most research still focuses on its effects upon performance, and not whether the reduced acidosis impacts upon any other factors related to exercise. There is some research to suggest that such a reduction in [H+] can attenuate a number of physiological stress pathways such as stress hormones (1, 4), heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and oxidative stress (3), suggesting a potential role in exercise recovery. However there are some limitations with this …

Lactic Acid: A Great Help For The Canoeing Coach., Flavia Bruttini M.D., Serena Benzo M.D., Daniele Bronzini, Luca Nicolasi, Antonio Mortara, Ioanna Nakou M.D., Marco Vescovi M.D., Monica Vescovi M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Six athletes who are practicing canoe kayak (n. 4) and canadese (n. 2, Mirko and Enrico) were submitted to an incremental test of 1000 meters which was repeated three times with an increasing speed. The test was carried out at the river named Ticino, in an area with constant water depth and no current.

Dragon Boat: Customizing The Training Plan, Flavia Bruttini, Serena Benzo M.D., Stefano Loddo, Ioanna Nakou M.D., Marco Vescovi M.D., Monica Vescovi M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Athlete’s muscle function during Dragon Boat practice requires activation of a complex kinetic chain (composed of a great number of muscles of all sizes, starting from dorsal muscles, abdominal muscles and muscles of the limbs). The Dragon Boat competition includes, during the sporting year, races with length spanning from about 40 seconds (200 meters) up to 10 minutes (2000 meters) and beyond, in specific distances (long distances).

Low Back Pain And Kayak: A Short Report, Stefano Loddo, Serena Benzo M.D., Flavia Bruttini M.D., Ioanna Nakou M.D., Marco Vescovi M.D., Monica Vescovi M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During the winter Kayak training remarkable weights are frequently used in the gym, suitable for the preparation, the structure, but mainly the goals of the individual

Ergometer And Dragon Boat, Stefano Loddo, Marco Vescovi M.D., Flavia Bruttini M.D., Ioanna Nakou M.D., Mario Segagni, Serena Benzo M.D., Monica Vescovi M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dragon Boat is an activity that requires a participation of a large amount of muscles. The muscle groups involved are in order of involvement: the dorsal and abdominal muscles, biceps and triceps in the upper limbs and femoral quadriceps and gastrocnemius in the lower limbs. The athlete’s muscle building is based on strengthening exercises with weight lifting that involves both upper and lower limbs, with a particular attention to the heart. The paddle position, the rotation and the twisting of the body is taken into account. Racing and boat outings are integrated into the preparation. However the paddling technique exercises …

Children’S Winter Training In Kayak: A Multilateral Approach, Marco Vescovi M.D., Serena Benzo M.D., Daniele Bronzini, Flavia Bruttini M.D., Antonio Mortara, Ioanna Nakou M.D., Monica Vescovi M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Children’s approach to Kayak as a sport takes place at about the age of ten. The winter weather conditions of the Northern Italian valley do not usually permit training at the river for a long period of time. Additionally the weather increases the risk of the boat to turn over in case of imperfect control. For this reason we have elaborated a training scheme in which going out on the boat starts in April when the temperature (both of the water and the atmosphere) begins to raise.

Two Days, Two Marathons: Superman?, Marco Vescovi M.D., Serena Benzo M.D., Daniele Bronzini, Flavia Bruttini M.D., Antonio Mortara, Ioanna Nakou M.D., Monica Vescovi M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The river marathon races are characterized by a duration longer than two hours, with intermissions at predetermined distances depending on the route. In these intermissions the athletes make portages where the competitors carry their canoes in a foot race with a distance of about 150 meters, and then they resumes paddling.

The Effect Of Preparatory Arousal On Hand Grip Strength And 50 Metre Freestyle Swim Performance., Lewan Parker, Rebecca M. Sealey, Anne Swinbourne

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Preparatory arousal is a strategy in which an individual purposefully engages in an activity to get themselves emotionally “pumped up” or “charged up” to increase the body’s level of arousal [1]. Preparatory arousal is a common mental preparation strategy used among competitive athletes [2]. It is suggested that preparatory arousal can increase performance of simple tasks requiring maximal strength and muscular endurance and power [3]. However, the majority of preparatory arousal research has only examined non sport specific skills and thus the findings may not be transferable to actual sports that require more complex and dynamic movement patterns. With the …

C-Reactive Protein And The Disease Analog Model May Identify Predisposed Pre-Obese African-American Women, James W. Navalta, Scott Lyons, Sharon E. Whitlock, Demetrice D. Kirkwood, Scott W. Arnett, Mark A. Schafer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While the obesity rate in the Unites States has been reported to have hit a plateau, the overall percentage of obese Americans remains alarmingly high (27% self-reported, 33% population estimate). While the subgroup with the highest 2010 obesity rate is Black, non-Hispanic women (41.9%), there remains a disparity in the research with regards to this population group. The implication of an elevated obese population puts a strain on health care, overall quality of life, and is associated with a number of other co-morbidities. Given this background, pilot work to evaluate a disease analog model for obesity would be useful with …

Building Kayak Excellence: From The Adolescent To The Elite Athlete., Marco Vescovi M.D., Daniele Bronzini, Flavia Bruttini M.D., Antonio Mortara, Ioanna Nakou M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Building an athlete in order to reach his maximum possible performance is a long process which starts from infancy. The history of our interdisciplinary group ( medical doctors-trainers) is equally long. It started in the 80s with the cooperation of a medical doctor and a trainer. Over the years, the group has grown involving new trainers, former athletes, athletes and young doctors who share their own specific knowledge in order to individualize and promote the maximal performance of each single athlete, trying to keep them in optimal health and prevent typical injuries caused by overload.

The Effect Of Fatigue On Shoulder Muscle Strength Ratios In Collegiate Water Polo Players, Bobby Sanders, Steven A. Hawkins, Michele Leblanc

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: A proposed mechanism of shoulder injuries is imbalances in the strength of the shoulder muscles, however, the effects of fatigue on these imbalances are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of isokinetic-induced fatigue on the development of shoulder muscle imbalances using both the conventional and functional ratio.

Effect Of Ankle Taping And Bracing On Dynamic Balance And Perception Of Stability, William Gear, Jessica Bookhout, Amanda Solyntjes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ankle injuries are the most common injury associated with sports participation. A recent study examining NCAA injury data found that 14.9% of all injuries sustained in 15 intercollegiate sports were injuries to the ankle. Taping and bracing are commonly used measures to prevent and/or protect the ankle from injury. Patients often report a feeling of increased stability due to tape and/or brace, however previous studies examining the effect of ankle appliances on stability have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of taping and bracing on dynamic stability, and the perception of stability with …

Effect Of Increasing Levels Of Fatigue On Knee Proprioception, William Gear

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ligament injuries of the knee, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), represent a significant percentage of lower extremity injuries during athletic participation. One possible factor associate with the high percentage of knee ligament injuries is a decrease in proprioception associated with fatigue. Previous research has found a decrease in proprioception following maximal fatigue of the knee musculature and following low intensity work to maximum fatigue. To date no investigation has examined if incremental increases in fatigue have an effect on proprioception. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increasing levels of fatigue on active joint …

Blood Volume Unloading Reduces Cerebral Blood Flow, Taylor Drury, Darren Warburton, Aaron Phillips, Shannon Bredin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) has been understood for over 50 years to maintain constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) over a wide range of arterial blood pressures (60-150 mmHg), and blood volumes. The original work, which published this relationship, however, was derived from a limited number of studies focused primarily on clinical populations. Since that time, it has been applied to healthy individuals and is a mainstay of almost all physiology textbooks. Recent evidence, however, has suggested that CBF in healthy individuals is not independent of alterations in blood pressure and volume, indicating a possible absence of cerebral autoregulation. Lower body …

Harvest Of The Ipsilateral Hamstrings Does Not Result In Tibial Internal Rotation Strength And Endurance Insufficiencies For Patients 12 To 36 Months Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Giampietro L. Vairo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ipsilateral hamstrings tendons harvest as a primary autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has become increasingly prevalent among orthopaedic surgeons. Though, limited evidence exists detailing ensuing knee joint performance capacity. Previous authors have reported that ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis (STG) harvest results in significant tibial internal rotation strength deficiencies for related patients (1,2). However, prior data in regards to this measure have been reported as absolute as opposed to relative indices of strength and have not produced endurance results. Therefore, our objective was to profile relative tibial internal rotation strength and endurance responses to STG harvest in ACL reconstructed …

The Metabolic Cost Of A Commercialized Video Fitness Program, Michele Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Numerous fitness products and programs are promoted in mainstream society to the general public for the purposes of developing various aspects of physical fitness especially weight loss. However, there is often little information regarding these products and programs including the energy, or, caloric cost of the workout(s). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the mean energy cost of a popular commercialized video exercise program titled, “The FIRM Express.”

Keynote And Symposia Titles

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Keynote and Symposia titles for the 2nd International eConference on Kinesiology and Integrated Physiology. Meeting was held between October 3-14, 2011 and can be found at: http://kinesiology.econferenceintl.com

Proceedings Of The Ii International Meeting In Exercise Physiology

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Proceedings of the II International Meeting in Exercise Physiology. Meeting held May 5-7, 2011. This meeting was promoted by the Exercise Physiology Laboratory / UFSCar, in collaboration with UNICAMP and UNIMEP universities. The event was designed to bring Brazilian scientists, especially from São Paulo state that work with Exercise Physiology and Health. The main objective was to put together these students and scientists interested in developing joint researches in this area.

Programming

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Programming for the II International Meeting in Exercise Physiology

Voluntary Wheel Running During Weight Loss Leads To Differential Changes In Monocytes, Compared To Forced Treadmill Running, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Thomas W. Lowder, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-fat feeding and subsequent weight gain may contribute to innate immune dysfunction. Weight loss via calorie restriction and exercise represent one means to restore normal immune function. The purpose of the study was to examine how 8- weeks of aerobic exercise and low-fat diet affects weight gain, monocyte concentration, and monocyte cell-surface expression of TLR2, TLR4, CD80, and CD86. For 12- months, 24 male CD-1 mice underwent a pre-treatment phase, consuming either a low fat (10% fat) or high-fat (60% fat) diet ad libitum. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups (N=6/group): CN (low-fat sedentary), V-EX (voluntary wheel …

Soccer Fatigue’S Effect On Standardized Assessment Of Concussion (Sac) Test, Melissa A. Hayes, Frank B. Wyatt, Katie J. Lyman, John D. Reeves

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) assessment tool was developed to objectively assess an athlete’s cognitive functioning on the sideline in order to properly determine safe return to play for an athlete following a possible concussion. It is intended to administer a baseline SAC test to athletes during exercise, but often it is administered at rest. PURPOSE: the purpose of this study is to explored the relationship between soccer fatigue and cognitive function as it relates to sideline concussion assessment in order to help sports medicine clinicians make return to play decisions after a possible concussion. METHODS: Seventeen (n=17) collegiate …

Influence Of Controlled Breathing On Cerebrovascular Control During Upright Tilt, Chelsea R. Barrera, Steven A. Romero, Caroline A. Rickards, William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Arterial pressures oscillate with the frequency of respiration, and these oscillations are translated directly to the cerebrovasculature. For this reason, intrinsic cerebrovascular control is assessed at the low frequency (LF; .07-.2 Hz). When humans breathe spontaneously, it is possible that breathing frequency encroaches on these non-respiratory rhythms, thereby confounding the interpretation of intrinsic cerebrovascular control. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that controlled breathing (CB) decreases, and spontaneous breathing (SB) increases the reliance of cerebral blood velocity on arterial pressure within the LF range in both the supine and upright postures. METHODS: We recorded ECG, finger arterial pressure (Finometer), transcranial Doppler …

Low Flow-Mediated Constriction: Prevalence, Impact, And Physiological Determinant, Kristin L. Parkhurst, Michelle Harrison, Takashi Tarumi, Hsin-Fu Lin, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a surrogate marker for endothelial function. In the FMD procedure, arterial response during cuff inflation is not taken into consideration yet studies have demonstrated vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and no change in the brachial artery during cuff inflation. The term low flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC) has been introduced to describe the vasoconstriction that occurs in some individuals during inflation of the cuff. PURPOSE: To determine 1) if brachial artery response during cuff inflation differed in a population with varied coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor profiles, 2) the impact of this response on the subsequent calculation of FMD, and …

Use Of Counter-Balanced Smith Machine Affects Performance Measurements For Rebound Bench Press Throws, Harsh Buddhadev, Anthony A. Duplanty, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen L. Goggin, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rebound bench presses throws (RBT), often performed on a Smith machine, are used for assessment and training of upper body power. During a RBT, the stretch-shortening cycle potentiates performance in the concentric movement. Smith machines frequently utilize a counter-balance weight to reduce the net load on the barbell; however, the use of counter-balance weight affects measures of performance for RBT. PURPOSE: To evaluate how the use of a counter-balanced Smith machine affects performance measures for RBT. METHODS: Performance measures for the no counter-balanced (NCB) and counter-balanced (CB) RBT were assessed for 24 men (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 179 …

Effect Of Using A Counter-Balanced Smith Machine On Performance Measurements For Concentric-Only Bench Press Throws, Anthony A. Duplanty, Harsh Buddhadev, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen Goggin, Jakob Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bench press throws using a Smith machine are often used for assessment and training of upper body power. Concentric only bench press throws (CON-BT) provide important information on an individual’s ability to produce force from a static start. Smith machines often utilize a counter-balance weight system to reduce the net load on the barbell; however, it is not known how counter-balance weight affects measurements of performance during a CON-BT. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of a counter-balance weight on CON-BT performance measurements. METHODS: 24 men (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 179 ± 6 cm, mass: 91 ± 17 kg, …

Differences In Heart Disease Risk Perception And Actual Cardiac Risk In Men Vs. Women, Amanda K. Dietz, Steve Martin, Becky Braden, Thomas Meade, Kathy L. Hill, Stephen F. Crouse, John S. Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Differences in Heart Disease Risk Perception and Actual Cardiac Risk in Male vs. Female Cardiac Patients Amanda Dietz, Julie Borsack, Steve Martin, Kathy L. Hill, Thomas Meade, Stephen F. Crouse, FACSM, and John S. Green, FACSM Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Sponsor: John S. Green, FACSM)

PURPOSE: To describe gender differences in both risk perception and actual coronary risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: 33 females and 67 males with documented CAD completed a questionnaire designed to assess CAD risk perception. They also underwent assessments for all ACSM risk factors. Five-point Likert scale responses to the …

The Association Between Physical Activity And Psychological Needs In College-Aged Mexican-American Males, Vanessa M. Martinez, Cheng-Chen Pan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Association between Physical Activity and Psychological Needs in College-Aged Mexican-American Males Vanessa Martinez (Masters), Cheng-Chen Pan, Robert Reguenes, Gabriela Allen, Charity Cavazos, David Wittenburg, Jared Montoya The University of Texas at Brownsville In the last several decades, there has been a tremendous wave of interest in the overweight/obese population in the United States. However, comparatively little research has focused on the association between psychological needs and physical activity (PA) of college-aged Mexican-American males. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationships between PA, obesity, and psychological needs for exercise among college-aged Mexican-American males. METHODS: Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and BMI measures …

Effect Of Plasma Donation On Responses To Exhaustive Severe Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise, John H. Curtis, David W. Hill, Samantha Burdette, Jakob Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the effects of plasma donation on responses to severe intensity exercise. METHODS: Four women (mean ± SD: age, 27 ± 7 years; height, 163 ± 13 cm; weight, 62.9 ± 12.0 kg) and six men (age, 25 ± 2 years; height, 180 ± 6 cm; weight, 87.3 ± 6.2 kg) performed exhaustive cycle ergometer tests under control conditions, and then 2 h, 2 d, and 7 d following plasma donation. RESULTS: Times to exhaustion at baseline and 2 h, 2 d, and 7 d following plasmapheresis were …