Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Intensity Of Aerobic Training On Insulin Sensitivity, Carmine Richard Grieco Iii

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing. It is estimated that I 0. 7% of adults over the age of 20 years and 23.1 % of adults over the age of 60 years have diabetes (NIH, 2007). Individuals with type 2 diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to die from heart disease than those without diabetes and twice as likely to die of all-cause mortality (CDC, 2005). Additionally Mokdad et al. (2000) report that the prevalence of diabetes increased 33% between 1990 and 1998. Furthermore it has been estimated that nearly 26% of the …

Validation Of A New Method Of Estimating Vo2max Based On Vo2Reserve With Treadmill Exercise, Julie Lynn Ward

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to establish and then validate a treadmill protocol to predict VO_2max based on VO₂Reserve.

Methods

A treadmill protocol was developed to elicit approximately 60-70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) in the fifth and sixth minutes of the final stage. The protocol involved walking on a treadmill at 3.0 mph, with grade increasing by 1 % each minute until 50% HRR was reached. Then, an additional 5 minutes of walking at the final grade was performed. A study population of 60 volunteers (30 male; 30 female), considered low risk by ACSM …

Assessment Of High School Athletic Coaches Knowledge Of The Prevention Recognition And Treatment Of Heat Illnesses, Erica Lea Borgia

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

As evidenced by the current history of heat related deaths, heat-related illness is a vast problem in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of high school athletic coaches' knowledge of the prevention, recognition, and treatment of exertional heat illnesses (EHI). A twenty-five question multiple choice assessment survey was developed to measure knowledge levels concerning the recognition, treatment, and prevention of EI-II. In addition, a questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic characteristics that could have had an effect on knowledge scores. The instrument was reviewed by a panel of experts for face and content …

The Effect Of Instruction Of Jump-Landing Motion Patterns And Impact Forces, Mary Elizabeth Joos

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The use of visual instruction could be a valuable tool in prevention strategies for anterior cruciate ligament injuries, especially in large group settings, through the alterations of jump-landing motion patterns and impact forces. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two visual modeling cues in altering jump-landing motion patterns, as measured by the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), and impact forces, vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) and peak posterior ground reaction force (PPGRF). Seventy-three physically active individuals (age= 20.89 ± 1.72 years; height = 172 ± 9.87 cm; mass= 68.43 ± 15.97 kg) were baseline tested …

Punking Yoga: Reconstructing Post/Neo/Colonial Fashion And Movement, Tara Brabazon

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

The branded clothes worn through sporting and fitness activities confirm that any movement, practice or behaviour that seems transgressive of heteronormative masculinity and femininity is also implicated in neo/colonial incorporations and the casualized workforce that is a characteristic of sports clothing manufacture. In an environment washed by the marketing of opposition, resistance is both difficult to define and apply in cultural studies. This paper invokes 'the problem' of resistance while denying the seamless and simple determinations of positive and negative representations. The focus of study is Yogurt Activewear, a company attacking corporatized yoga wear by creating an anti-brand brand. They …

Examination Of Clinical And Laboratory Measures Of Postural Stability During Static And Dynamic Testing Between Stable And Unstable Ankles, Jason C. Mitchell

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the relationship between clinical and laboratory balance testing, (2) to examine the effect of functional ankle instability (FAI) on scored dynamic and static clinical balance tests, (3) to examine the effect of functional ankle instability (FAI) on a timed dynamic clinical balance test, (4) to examine the effect of FAI on a dynamic laboratory balance test, and (5) to examine the effect of FAI on a static laboratory balance test. Each subject performed four balance tests; (1) Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) Test, (2) Agility Hop test, (3) Laboratory Static Balance …

Differences In Vo2 Between Kickboxing And Treadmill Exercise At Similar Heart Rates, Lisa Dawn Wingfield

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Kickboxing has become increasingly popular as an alternative mode of aerobic exercise in the general public. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in oxygen consumption (VO₂) during kickboxing and treadmill running at similar heart rates (HR).

Methods

Eleven female subjects (19±1 yrs; 165±5 cm; 62±12 kg) participated in a 25-minute kickboxing session. This consisted of 5-minute segments including a warm-up, punch, kick, combination (punch/kick) and cool down. The kickboxing stages were performed in a randomized, counterbalanced order. After a 30-minute rest period, the subjects performed a modified Bruce treadmill max test (5 minute stages). …

Emg Analysis Of Core And Thigh Musculature Contribution During Double And Single Leg Squats On Both Stable And Unstable Surfaces, Julie M. Whitehead

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine EMG activity of the hip stabilizers, thigh, and core muscles during various squatting exercises in order to better appreciate the contribution of the core and thigh during weight bearing functional activity. Surface EMG electrodes were placed over the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus medius (GM). The right leg was used for any single leg exercises perforn1ed. Each subject performed three double leg and three single leg un-weighted squats to 60 degrees of knee flexion on a stable …

The Effects Of Plyometrics Training On Neuromuscular Responses And Ground Reaction Forces Surrounding The Knee, Barbara Mcdowell

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Several investigations have noted altered kinetic and neuromuscular landing patterns in adolescent female athletes following various plyometrics programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a time-limited plyometrics training program on neuromuscular responses and peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) in Division I collegiate soccer players. Sixteen (8 male, age=l9.38 ± 1.4 yrs, ht= 178.44 ± 8.99 cm, mass =80.38 ± 8.37 kg; 8 female, age=19.75 ± 0.71 yrs, ht=163.83 ± 4.30 cm, mass =62.13 ± 6.29 kg) athletes completed the testing protocol and plyometric training. Seven (3 male, average age=22.00 ± 1.00 yrs, average height=171.88 …

Effects Of 8 Weeks Of Flexibility And Resistance Training In Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Matthew T. Herriot, Sheri R. Colberg, Henri K. Parson, Tanja Nunnold, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) Flexibility is often downplayed as unimportant to fitness. However, flexibility training is imperative to maintain full range of motion (ROM) of joints, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes, who may experience limited joint mobility due to glycation of joint structures (1). Maladies such as “frozen shoulder” are common complaints in type 2 diabetes (2).

The Effects Of A 10-Week Exercise Program On Physiological Variables And Quality Of Life In Type 2 Diabetes, David Robb Holton

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between psychological and physiological parameters before and after a 10-week, aerobic training study of sedentary diabetic individuals and sedentary controls. Tests measuring physiological parameters (interstitial NO, blood flow, lactate threshold, VO₂ peak and glycosylated hemoglobin) and a quality of life survey were completed before and after training. Nine previously sedentary diabetic (DE, diabetic exerciser) and 10 control sedentary subjects (CE, control exerciser) engaged in 10 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise. A non-training diabetic group (DS, diabetic sedentary, n=12) and a non-training control group (CS, control sedentary, n=I0) were also …

Recycling Of Deuterium From Dideuterated Glucose During Moderate Exercise, Michael A. Horning, Sheri R. Colberg, Gretchen A. Casazza, George A. Brooks

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

A doubly labelled tracer molecule of glucose, [6,6^-2HJglucose, has been used to measure the rate of glucose appearance in blood due to endogenous glucose production (by the liver and kidneysj.^l,2 Considered 'non-recirculating', this tracer generally provides a realistic estimate of glucose kinetics.^2,3 Used as a dual tracer in conjunction with [l-¹³C]glucose, the extent of glucose recycling can be quantitated.^2-4 but the extent of possible recirculation of a single deuterium atom on newly formed glucose must then be considered.

The Effects Of Dehydration And Rehydration On The One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Of Weight Trained Males, James E. Schoffstall

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dehydration and rehydration on the one repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press of weight trained males. The ten subjects displayed the following characteristics: 25.3 ± 3.2 years old, 85.5 ± 16.4 kilograms body mass and a 117.9 ± 24.0 kilogram base-line 1-RM. Ten subjects were tested on two separate days, with one week between each test day. The subjects were randomly assigned to begin their testing in either the A protocol or the B protocol. During the A protocol testing day, the subjects completed two one repetition maximum bench press …

Patellofemoral Joint Compressive Forces During Backward And Forward Running At The Same Speed, Hesham N. Alrowayeh

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A previous study found that the patellofemoral joint compressive force (PFJRF) during backward running was less than during forward running at free speed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the patellofemoral joint compressive forces during backward and forward running at the same speed. Ten runners (4 females, 6 males) between the age of 20-25 (X=22, SD=2) ran in backward and forward directions at the slow speed of 2.3 mph (1.0 m.sec^-1). Using the inverse dynamic technique the knee extensor moment and PFJRF during the slow backward and forward running were calculated. Results showed that the …

Comparison Of The Emg Activity Of The Supraspinatus And Infraspinatus Muscles During Various Closed Chain Exercises, I-Chen Lin

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Advantages of closed chain exercises used in the lower extremity have been well documented. However, the effects of closed chain exercises on the upper extremities have not been studied very much. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the EMG activity of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and compare the relative amounts of activities by performing different isotonic closed chain exercises and an open chain exercise in normal subjects. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles in 1 o healthy subjects were studied with fine wire, intramuscular, electromyographic electrodes while performing 5 closed chain exercises and a D2. open chain …

Physiological Effects Of Varying Power Output In A Cycling Time Trial, Mark Alan Liedl

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

During a bicycle time trial, varying power slightly to counter external conditions may result in improved performance [Swain, 1997], but it is not known if such power variations result in added physiological stress. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if variable power (VP) cycling produced greater physiological stress than constant power (CP) cycling of the same mean intensity. Eight trained male cyclists (age 28 ± 2 yr, mass 74.4 ± 2.3 kg, VO_2max 4.24 ± 0.13 L•min^-1, weekly training 277 ± 44 km) performed three 1 h ergometer trials. The first trial was performed …

Reliability Of The Modified-Modified Schober Method Of Measuring Lumbar Range Of Motion, Mira H. Mariano

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Modified-modified Schober (MMS) method of measuring lumbar flexion and extension on subjects with low back pain. Thirty patients (19 females, 11 males) between the ages of 18 to 61 years (mean=40.0, SD=l 1.7) were measured by two physical therapists who each had six years of orthopedic experience.

Each subject was evaluated twice, in random order, by each tester using the MMS method. Trials 1 and 2 were used to calculate intratester reliability for each tester and intertester reliability was calculated between the two testers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) …

Effect Of Resistance Training On Lipid Profile And Body Composition In Premenopausal Women, Bharathi Prabhakaran

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the effects of 14 weeks of resistance training on lipid levels and body fat percentage (BF%) in healthy, sedentary premenopausal women. Twenty four women (mean ± SD: age:27 ± 6.5 yrs, weight 66.2 ± 12.3 kg) participated in the study. The subjects were randomly placed in either a control (CON) group or in an exercise (EXER) group. The EXER group participated in a supervised 45-50 minute resistance training session (85% of 1-RM) for 14 weeks, 3 times per week on non-consecutive days. The CON group did not participate in any physical activity. The subjects were asked not …

Changes In Spinal Height Supine And Walking In Subjects With And Without Lower Back Pain, Dave Gregory

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a device that could be used in clinical situations to measure spinal height in subjects with lower back pain.

Introduction: Spinal height measurement provides information on the impact of spinal loading on the intervertebral disc. The stadiometer is presently the most accurate device for this purpose but users of the device must be trained to be measured. This excludes untrainable subjects such as those with lower back pain. For this study, a new ins1rument was developed combining aspects of the stadiometer and other devices to produce a simpler method …

The Relationship Of Foot Types To Pressure Distribution Patterns Of The Forefoot During Gait, Hui-Ji Fan

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Pressure distribution under the foot has been considered a useful indicator in the treatment of foot problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between foot types and pressure patterns under the forefoot. Fifty-four healthy subjects (19 males, 35 females, mean age=27 years, S0=4, range=21-39) participated in this study. A BTE pedobarograph was used to record pressure distribution under the foot during barefoot walking. Foot types were classified as neutral, pronated, and supinated. Pressure distribution under the forefoot was classified as medial, central, and lateral patterns. The medial pattern had the highest peak pressure under the first …

Cardiovascular, Thermoregulatory, Metabolic And Performance Responses To Repeated Ultraendurance Cycling, Bart E. Drinkard

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to describe physiological and performance responses in six highly trained cyclists during four days of repeated ultraendurance cycling. Each subject raced in four consecutive 100 mile per day time trials using their own bicycles mounted to a computerized ergometer. The race course profile consisted of rolling terrain with simulated gradients of minus five to ten percent. Body weight was measured prior to each time trial. Total performance time and fluid intake for each time trial were recorded. All other data were measured at ten mile intervals during each 100 mile time trial. Means for …

A Comparison Of Three Cam Profiles As Measured By Emg And Angular Displacement, Elizabeth Grace Ann Hood

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if variations in cam profiles cause differences in muscle contraction as measured by surface EMG, knee joint angular displacement, and torque. There were seven hypotheses tested. The ten subjects were adult male volunteers (18-24 years) who participated in a counterbalanced treatment design study testing three variously shaped cams over five lifting tests. The results indicated that for the EMG data, the cam and lifts effect had significant Wilk's values. For the cam effect the consistent cam had the highest millivolt value. For the lift effect, the pre 1 rep max had the …

The Effects Of A Commercial Nutritional Supplement Combining Amino Acids, Glutamine, Carnitine And B-Vitamins On The Physiological Responses To Ultraendurance Triathlon Training, Performance And Recovery, Mary V. Mitchell

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

In a placebo, double blind, randomized design, five male triathletes participated in a simulated triathlon which examined the physiological responses of a commercial nutritional supplement. The supplemental protocol included 7.1 gm·d^-1 of an amino acid complex with B-vitamins (AA) and between 2.2-7.3 gm·d^-1 META-MAX™ containing leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine and carnitine in which quantities were based on the athletes training volume. A maltodextrin carbohydrate replacement drink was also included in the protocol. The placebo was an isocaloric lactose substance. The supplements were ingested for 14 d prior to the simulated triathlon and then for 3 d after the …

The Effects Of Varying Doses Of Orally Ingested Bee Pollen Extract Upon Total Exercise Time To Exhaustion Performance Recovery And Ratings Of Perceived Exertion, Michael Lee Woodhouse

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of varying doses of orally ingested bee pollen extract upon (1) treadmill run time to exhaustion and (2) initial ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) . Subjects consisted of five male aerobically trained athletes with an age range of 21 - 35 years. The subjects individually volunteered for the study and were active members of a local running club, The Tidewater Striders.

The bee pollen was given in three dosages (0, 1350 mg, 2700 mg). The three test periods on the treadmill consisted of six runs to exhaustion with a …

The Effect Of Blood Infusion Upon Perceived Exertion, Mary Aubert Lindhjem

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of packed RBC infusion upon ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), Three types of RPE were measured: 1) local muscular RFE, 2) cardiopulmonary RPE, and J) general RFE, The subjects, 16 experienced long distance male runners, undertook four treadmill runs to exhaustion, Subjects were matched according to time to exhaustion (ET) on the first trial (T1), and assigned to either an experimental (E) or control (C) group, Both groups had 46o ml blood withdrawn following Tl, T2 served as a baseline test and was administered about two weeks following blood withdrawal, …

The Effect Of Iron Supplementation On The Endurance Capacity Of The Female College Athlete, Barbara B. Sachon

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The major parameter of interest was the effect of iron supplementation on endurance capacity of female college athletes. Secondary parameters included the evaluation of the effect of iron supplementation on the following hematological variables: white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit. Nineteen volunteer female students enrolled at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia served as subjects, All were members of the swimming team. All test trials and venipunctures were done at the women's gym at the College of William and Mary. There were two test periods.

All nineteen subjects performed a 500 …

The Effect Of Various Doses Of Caffeine Upon The Maximal Muscular Endurance Of College Females, Roberta Jane Perkins

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

A limited number of investigations dealing with the effects of caffeine upon human physical performance have been conducted. Since caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant and it is a constituent of the popularly-consumed beverages - coffee, tea, and cola drinks, it would appear that numerous studies would have been conducted in order to determine the effect of caffeine upon human muscular performance. At any rate, there is a dearth of studies on this topic and the findings of the conducted experiments are equivocal and ambiguous.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of various doses …

A Comparison Of Selected Isokinetic Training Velocities On The Development Of Muscular Power In College Women, Julia P. Knight

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different isokinetic velocities on the development of muscular power. Seventy-five college females were matched into four equal groups according to the average of their pre-test scores on the Vertical Power Jump Test and the Power Staircase Test. Group I served as the control group, while all 3 of the experimental groups performed the same isokinetic exercise at different pre-set rates of speed. Groups II, III and IV worked at the selected rates of .8, 2.3 and 3.9 inches per second respectively. All four groups were pre-tested and post-tested …