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Articles 271 - 300 of 606

Full-Text Articles in Exercise Physiology

Unanticipated Stressful And Rewarding Experiences Engage The Same Prefrontal Cortex And Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations, Alberto Del Arco, Junchol Park, Bita Moghaddam May 2020

Unanticipated Stressful And Rewarding Experiences Engage The Same Prefrontal Cortex And Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations, Alberto Del Arco, Junchol Park, Bita Moghaddam

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 Del Arco et al. Brain networks that mediate motivated behavior in the context of aversive and rewarding experiences involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neurons in both regions are activated by stress and reward, and by learned cues that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. Recent studies have proposed that separate neuronal populations and circuits in these regions encode learned aversive versus appetitive contexts. But how about the actual experience? Do the same or different PFC and VTA neurons encode unanticipated aversive and appetitive experiences? To address this, we recorded unit activity and local field …

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Efficacy Of An Audio-Based Biofeedback Intervention To Modify Running Gait In Female Runners 2020, Sarah Rothstein May 2020

Efficacy Of An Audio-Based Biofeedback Intervention To Modify Running Gait In Female Runners 2020, Sarah Rothstein

Master's Theses

Introduction: Gait retraining interventions are used to modify foot strike parameters associated with musculoskeletal injuries. Such interventions may prove beneficial if gait modifications are maintained long-term and provide a physiological performance benefit. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether female recreational runners can use a smartphone decibel app to self-modify gait mechanics associated with injury. The secondary purpose was to determine if such gait modifications are retained beyond the initial training session. The tertiary purpose was to determine if such gait modifications were associated with improved running economy. Methods: The peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), …

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The Effect Of Attentional Focus Instructions On Single Leg Balance Performance 2020., Cory Monahan May 2020

The Effect Of Attentional Focus Instructions On Single Leg Balance Performance 2020., Cory Monahan

Master's Theses

Balance and postural control exercises are often a part of exercise programs. During exercise programs, movement practitioners can provide instructions to facilitate performance and learning. Instructions can be used to direct attentional focus, which has been found to affect the performance and learning of motor skills, including balance and postural control tasks. However, no known studies to date have investigated the effect of both internal and external attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance as reflected by the …

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Wai Puna: An Indigenous Model Of Māori Water Safety And Health In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Chanel Phillips Ph.D. Apr 2020

Wai Puna: An Indigenous Model Of Māori Water Safety And Health In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Chanel Phillips Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Māori (the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand) are intimately connected to wai (i.e., water) yet are overrepresented in New Zealand’s drowning statistics each year. On average Māori account for 20-24% of all preventable and non-preventable drowning fatalities, despite comprising only 15 percent of New Zealand’s population. Drowning remains a significant issue posing a threat to whānau (i.e., families) through premature death being imminent and whakapapa (i.e., genealogy) being interrupted. There is limited research that has examined Māori and indigenous understandings of water safety within the literature and limited studies that have investigated the issue of Māori drowning from a …

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An Examination Of The Validity Of An Ios-Based Heart Rate And Pulse Oximetry App During And After Moderate Intensity Exercise, Nathan Grizenko, Rachel Shipman, Ian Cree, Mitchell Colvin Apr 2020

An Examination Of The Validity Of An Ios-Based Heart Rate And Pulse Oximetry App During And After Moderate Intensity Exercise, Nathan Grizenko, Rachel Shipman, Ian Cree, Mitchell Colvin

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Fitness tracking apps are popular. There is little data validating their use during and after exercise. PURPOSE: Validate an iOS-based pulse oximeter against a fingertip pulse oximeter and a Polar® heart rate monitor during moderate intensity exercise and recovery. METHODS: Age Estimated Maximal Heart Rate (AEMHR) was calculated for fifteen college-aged students. Participants completed a 30-minute running trial divided into three 10-minute segments intended to elicit heart rate responses of 60, 70, and 80% of AEMHR. Heart rate and oxygen saturation data were collected at five and nine minutes of each segment. RESULTS: At 60% the digiDoc® app exhibited a …

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Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran Apr 2020

Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Ocean lifeguards have several responsibilities that require precise training. California State Parks is one of the largest providers of open water lifeguard services in the United States, and trains approximately 200 new lifeguards per year. As part of our lifeguard training section’s quality improvement efforts, we conducted a training needs assessment to help determine how well our introductory ocean lifeguard training curriculum prepared lifeguards to perform job related tasks upon successful completion of the training program. We surveyed both first year and seasoned lead lifeguards on operational needs, training gaps, and specific subject areas. We identified several areas where our …

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Alcohol_Focused Drowning Prevention Campaigns: What Do We Know And What Should We Do Now?, Hannah Calverley, Lauren Petrass, Jennifer Blitvich Apr 2020

Alcohol_Focused Drowning Prevention Campaigns: What Do We Know And What Should We Do Now?, Hannah Calverley, Lauren Petrass, Jennifer Blitvich

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Alcohol and drugs have been identified as key risk factors for youth (aged 15-24 years) and adult drownings in high-income countries (HIC). Whilst alcohol specific drowning prevention education programs have been developed and implemented, youth continue to be over-represented in drowning statistics, including those linked with alcohol. Therefore, this project aimed to: (i) review and assess all alcohol themed drowning prevention campaigns within HICs; (ii) determine whether the campaign had undergone evaluation for effectiveness; and (iii) provide recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future interventions. For each of the eighty-one HICs identified for the 2019 fiscal year, searches of peer-reviewed …

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Socio-Ecological Nature Of Drowning In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Review To Inform Health Promotion Approaches, Muthia Cenderadewi, Richard Charles Franklin, Susan Devine Apr 2020

Socio-Ecological Nature Of Drowning In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Review To Inform Health Promotion Approaches, Muthia Cenderadewi, Richard Charles Franklin, Susan Devine

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Most deaths by drowning (91%) have occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Southeast Asia (35%) and Africa (20%), in proportion to total drowning deaths worldwide. Poor data collection in LMICs hinders the planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to review the rates and risk factors of unintentional drowning in LMICs and to identify drowning prevention strategies within a socio-ecological health promotion framework. A systematic search, guided by PRISMA, was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Informit health, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, SafetyLit, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central databases for all relevant studies …

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The Implementation Of Exercise For Chronic Kidney Disease And Dialysis Patients, Syed Ahmad Rizvi Apr 2020

The Implementation Of Exercise For Chronic Kidney Disease And Dialysis Patients, Syed Ahmad Rizvi

Honors College Theses

While commonly known to be the organ that helps with urine production within the human body, the kidney plays one of the most crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis. When establishing all of the roles the kidney has on keeping humans healthy, there is the question of how does the body cope when a patient is diagnosed with kidney failure. One of the more common treatment options that allows the body to continue to function without a kidney is by beginning a patient on a form of dialysis. However, as with any treatment, there will always be a list of side …

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Correlation Between Cognition And Balance Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults Observed Through A Tai Chi Intervention Program, Tao Xiao, Lin Yang, Lee Smith, Paul D. Loprinzi, Nicola Veronese, Jie Yao, Zonghao Zhang, Jane Jie Yu Apr 2020

Correlation Between Cognition And Balance Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults Observed Through A Tai Chi Intervention Program, Tao Xiao, Lin Yang, Lee Smith, Paul D. Loprinzi, Nicola Veronese, Jie Yao, Zonghao Zhang, Jane Jie Yu

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Xiao, Yang, Smith, Loprinzi, Veronese, Yao, Zhang and Yu. Background: Age-associated decline in cognition and balance may cause severe ability loss for daily living activities among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between cognition and balance in this aging population remains to be explored. Objective: The present study Is exploratory in nature and aimed to examine the relationship between balance (both static and dynamic components) and global cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults through Tai Chi (TC) practice as a research avenue. Methods: A short-term (12 weeks) intervention of TC was conducted among middle-aged and …

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A Comparison Of Motor Unit Control Strategies Between Two Different Isometric Tasks, Sunggun Jeon, William M. Miller, Xin Ye Apr 2020

A Comparison Of Motor Unit Control Strategies Between Two Different Isometric Tasks, Sunggun Jeon, William M. Miller, Xin Ye

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: This study examined the motor unit (MU) control strategies for non-fatiguing isometric elbow flexion tasks at 40% and 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Methods: Nineteen healthy individuals performed two submaximal tasks with similar torque levels: contracting against an immovable object (force task), and maintaining the elbow joint angle against an external load (position task). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from the agonist and antagonist muscles. The signals from the agonist were decomposed into individual action potential trains. The linear regression analysis was used to examine the MU recruitment threshold …

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Temporal Trends In The Association Between Participation In Physical Education And Physical Activity Among U.S. High School Students, 2011-2017, Seungho Ryu, Paul Loprinzi, Heontae Kim, Minsoo Kang Apr 2020

Temporal Trends In The Association Between Participation In Physical Education And Physical Activity Among U.S. High School Students, 2011-2017, Seungho Ryu, Paul Loprinzi, Heontae Kim, Minsoo Kang

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the author. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in physical education and physical activity among U.S. high school students from 2011 to 2017, respectively, and to evaluate temporal trends in the relationship between physical education class participation and physical activity levels. Data from a total of 51,616 high school students who participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed for this study. Physical education was measured as follows: In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education …

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The Effects Of Physical Exercise On Salivary Microrna Levels, Thomas R. Campbell, Jessica C. Martinez, Noah L. Robertson, Felicia G. Clements, Emily N. Valle, Wyclef Etiennet, Audrey C. Ferguson, Klye J. Kelleran Apr 2020

The Effects Of Physical Exercise On Salivary Microrna Levels, Thomas R. Campbell, Jessica C. Martinez, Noah L. Robertson, Felicia G. Clements, Emily N. Valle, Wyclef Etiennet, Audrey C. Ferguson, Klye J. Kelleran

College of Health Sciences Posters

Diagnosing concussions provides challenges for healthcare professionals due to current diagnostic protocols utilizing subjective input from patients. Recent studies have shown relationships between specific salivary microRNA levels and concussions, but it is unknown if this is due to concussive forces or physical exertion. Analysis of this distinction may contribute to further confirming the relationship of concussions and microRNA, improving techniques for objective assessments of concussion. Objective: To measure the effects of physical exertion through exercise on specific salivary microRNA. Methods: Twenty non-intercollegiate athletes (10:M, 10:F) were recruited for this case series. After ensuring the participants received a minimum of 6-hours …

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A Comparison Of Power Variables For Two Loading Methods In Weighted Vertical Jumps 2020, Jonathan Tanguay Apr 2020

A Comparison Of Power Variables For Two Loading Methods In Weighted Vertical Jumps 2020, Jonathan Tanguay

Master's Theses

Training exercises to develop muscular strength and power, such as the weighted jump squat, commonly utilize barbells and dumbbells to increase resistance. Strength coaches often measure improvements in peak force, peak power, and rate of force development to determine effectiveness of a training program. The purpose of this study was to determine if equipment selection (barbells vs. dumbbells) affects peak force, peak power, and/or rate of force development in weighted jump squats. Thirteen physically active, college-aged males (age: 21.6 ± 2.0 years, height: 182.8 ± 9.7 cm, body mass: 87.2 ± 9.0 kg, lean mass: 72.3 ± 8.1 kg) performed …

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The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Marathon Event: A Case Study From China, Zhanbing Ren, Yifan Zuo, Yudan Ma, Mu Zhang, Lee Smith, Lin Yang, Paul D. Loprinzi, Qian Yu, Liye Zou Apr 2020

The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Marathon Event: A Case Study From China, Zhanbing Ren, Yifan Zuo, Yudan Ma, Mu Zhang, Lee Smith, Lin Yang, Paul D. Loprinzi, Qian Yu, Liye Zou

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of marathon events in China, and to identify the suitable natural environmental factors for the marathon events. Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tools were used to perform coupling analysis, e.g. overlap, neighborhood, intersection and buffer for terrain, climate, air quality, mountains and water resources with 342 marathon events held in China in 2018. Results: The results indicate that the spatial distribution of marathon events in China is negatively correlated with …

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Repeat Expansion Scanning Of The Notch2nlc Gene In Patients With Multiple System Atrophy, Pu Fang, Yanyan Yu, Sheng Yao, Shuyun Chen, Min Zhu, Yunqing Chen, Keji Zou, Lulu Wang, Huan Wang, Ling Xin, Tao Hong, Daojun Hong Apr 2020

Repeat Expansion Scanning Of The Notch2nlc Gene In Patients With Multiple System Atrophy, Pu Fang, Yanyan Yu, Sheng Yao, Shuyun Chen, Min Zhu, Yunqing Chen, Keji Zou, Lulu Wang, Huan Wang, Ling Xin, Tao Hong, Daojun Hong

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association. Objective: Trinucleotide GGC repeat expansion in the 5’UTR of the NOTCH2NLC gene has been recognized as the pathogenesis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Previous studies have described that some NIID patients showed clinical and pathological similarities with multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study aimed to address the possibility that GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC might be associated with some cases diagnosed as MSA. Methods: A total of 189 patients with probable or possible MSA were recruited to screen …

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Is It Time To Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?, Paulo Gentil, Ricardo Borges Viana, João Pedro Naves, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Victor Coswig, Jeremy Loenneke, Claudio André Barbosa Apr 2020

Is It Time To Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?, Paulo Gentil, Ricardo Borges Viana, João Pedro Naves, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Victor Coswig, Jeremy Loenneke, Claudio André Barbosa

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the …

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Use Of A Novel Whole-Body Imaging Approach To Predict Resting Metabolic Rates In Athletes, Nicole Vencil Apr 2020

Use Of A Novel Whole-Body Imaging Approach To Predict Resting Metabolic Rates In Athletes, Nicole Vencil

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Prediction of energy expenditure allows for calculation of appropriate energy requirements, which is especially important for athletes. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the greatest contributor to total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and is typically measured via indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry is not always available, which results in the need for predictive equations. Most predictive equations have been developed with participants resembling the general population and have not been found to be appropriate for athletes, as they may incorrectly predict RMR due to the unique differences of body composition between athletes and the general population. The purpose of the present study …

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Relation Of Flt-1 And Endothelial Function In Women Soon After Delivery: Effect Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior, Chloe W. Caudell Apr 2020

Relation Of Flt-1 And Endothelial Function In Women Soon After Delivery: Effect Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior, Chloe W. Caudell

Senior Theses

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are believed to be caused by poor placental formation. APOs can be characterized by elevated levels of a circulating Fms-like tyrosine kinase biomarker called Flt-1, produced by the placenta when its blood vessels are shallow or inadequately formed. Flt-1 acts directly on the maternal endothelium to impair vascular function during pregnancy and contributes to maternal features of APOs. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of Flt-1 and endothelial function in women soon after delivery. This study also aimed to evaluate the relation of Flt-1 and physical activity and sedentary behavior in women during and soon …

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A Practical Method For Assessing Lip Compression Strengthening In Healthy Adults, Takashi Abe, Zachary W. Bell, Vickie Wong, Robert W. Spitz, Ricardo B. Viana, Yujiro Yamada, Raksha N. Chatakondi, Jeremy P. Loenneke Mar 2020

A Practical Method For Assessing Lip Compression Strengthening In Healthy Adults, Takashi Abe, Zachary W. Bell, Vickie Wong, Robert W. Spitz, Ricardo B. Viana, Yujiro Yamada, Raksha N. Chatakondi, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. There is no practical and accessible assessment method to evaluate lip muscle compression strength. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the standard method (i.e., Iowa Oral Performance Instrument) and a practical method in healthy adults. In order to achieve our research purpose, ninety-eight healthy adults (18-40 years) completed lip compression strength measurements (standard method) and lip grasping performance tests using a standard recyclable plastic water bottle (practical method). In the overall sample, the mean and standard deviation for standard method and practical method was 26.7 (7.0) kPa and 255 (119) …

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Hypothesized Mechanisms Through Which Exercise May Attenuate Memory Interference, Lindsay K. Crawford, Hong Li, Liye Zou, Gao Xia Wei, Paul D. Loprinzi Mar 2020

Hypothesized Mechanisms Through Which Exercise May Attenuate Memory Interference, Lindsay K. Crawford, Hong Li, Liye Zou, Gao Xia Wei, Paul D. Loprinzi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. In this paper we introduce a mechanistic model through which exercise may enhance episodic memory, specifically via attenuating proactive and retroactive memory interference. We discuss the various types of memory, different stages of memory function, review the mechanisms behind forgetting, and the mechanistic role of exercise in facilitating pattern separation (to attenuate memory interference).

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The Impact Of Mind-Body Exercises On Motor Function, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life In Parkinson’S Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Xiaohu Jin, Lin Wang, Shijie Liu, Lin Zhu, Paul Dinneen Loprinzi, Xin Fan Jan 2020

The Impact Of Mind-Body Exercises On Motor Function, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life In Parkinson’S Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Xiaohu Jin, Lin Wang, Shijie Liu, Lin Zhu, Paul Dinneen Loprinzi, Xin Fan

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Yoga, and Health Qigong) on motor function (UPDRS, Timed-Up-and-Go, Balance), depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) of Parkinson’s patients (PD). Methods: Through computer system search and manual retrieval, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and CQVIP were used. Articles were retrieved up to the published date of June 30, 2019. Following the Cochrane Collaboration System Evaluation Manual (version 5.1.0), two researchers independently evaluated the quality and bias risk of each article, including 22 evaluated articles. …

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The Perceived Tightness Scale Does Not Provide Reliable Estimates Of Blood Flow Restriction Pressure, Zachary W. Bell, Scott J. Dankel, Robert W. Spitz, Raksha N. Chatakondi, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke Jan 2020

The Perceived Tightness Scale Does Not Provide Reliable Estimates Of Blood Flow Restriction Pressure, Zachary W. Bell, Scott J. Dankel, Robert W. Spitz, Raksha N. Chatakondi, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc. Context: The perceived tightness scale is suggested to be an effective method for setting subocclusive pressures with practical blood flow restriction. However, the reliability of this scale is unknown and is important as the reliability will ultimately dictate the usefulness of this method. Objective: To determine the reliability of the perceived tightness scale and investigate if the reliability differs by sex. Design: Within-participant, repeated-measures. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Twenty-four participants (12 men and 12 women) were tested over 3 days. Main Outcome Measures: Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and the pressure at which the participants rated …

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Acute Exercise On Memory Function: Open Vs. Closed Skilled Exercise, Justin Cantrelle, Grace Burnett, Paul D. Loprinzi Jan 2020

Acute Exercise On Memory Function: Open Vs. Closed Skilled Exercise, Justin Cantrelle, Grace Burnett, Paul D. Loprinzi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Previous studies suggest that acute exercise may improve memory function. Few studies, however, have investigated the differential effect of the acute exercise movement patterns on memory. Such an effect is plausible, as research demonstrates that open-skilled exercise (e.g., racquetball) may have a greater effect on memory-related neurotrophins (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factors) when compared to closed-skilled exercise (e.g. treadmill exercise). A key distinction between open- and closed-skilled exercise is that open-skilled exercises are those that require an individual to react in a dynamic way to a changing, unpredictable environment. Our aim in this study was to …

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The Effect Of Rugby World Cup 2019 On Residents’ Psychological Well-Being: A Mediating Role Of Psychological Capital, Shintaro Sato, Keita Kinoshita, Minjung Kim, Daichi Oshimi, Munehiko Harada Jan 2020

The Effect Of Rugby World Cup 2019 On Residents’ Psychological Well-Being: A Mediating Role Of Psychological Capital, Shintaro Sato, Keita Kinoshita, Minjung Kim, Daichi Oshimi, Munehiko Harada

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. The current study aimed to examine the relationships among residents’ impact perception of 2019 Rugby World Cup (i.e. economic impact, cultural interests and new opportunity, community pride, and environmental impact), psychological capital (i.e. hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience), and psychological well-being. The two-wave time-lagged data were collected from residents in the host cities (a following week of the event and eight weeks after the event; N = 206). The results indicated that residents’ perceptions of event impacts were positively associated with psychological capital, which influenced …

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Evaluation Of A Cognitive Affective Model Of Physical Activity Behavior, Paul D. Loprinzi, Sara Pazirei, Gina Robinson, Briahna Dickerson, Meghan Edwards, Ryan E. Rhodes Jan 2020

Evaluation Of A Cognitive Affective Model Of Physical Activity Behavior, Paul D. Loprinzi, Sara Pazirei, Gina Robinson, Briahna Dickerson, Meghan Edwards, Ryan E. Rhodes

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: To empirically evaluate a cognitive affective model of physical activity. This bidirectional, cyclical model hypotheses that executive control processes directly influence habitual engagement in exercise and also directly subserve the exercise-induced affective response to acute exercise associated with future physical activity. Methods: The present study employed a one-week prospective, multi-site design. Participant recruitment and data collection occurred at two separate University sites (one in the United States and the other in Canada). Participants completed a bout of treadmill exercise, with affect and arousal assessed before, during and after the bout of exercise. Subjective and objective …

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Screening For Depression Among A Sample Of Us College Students Who Engage In Recreational Prescription Opioid Misuse, Robert E. Davis, Martha A. Bass, M. Allison Wade, Vinayak K. Nahar Jan 2020

Screening For Depression Among A Sample Of Us College Students Who Engage In Recreational Prescription Opioid Misuse, Robert E. Davis, Martha A. Bass, M. Allison Wade, Vinayak K. Nahar

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Among student populations, literature has identified associations between prescription opioid misuse and symptoms of depression such as hopelessness, sadness, and emotional pain. Thus far, existing literature has yet to investigate associations between prescription opioid misuse and depression using validated screening instruments for depression when exploring such associations. The purpose of this study was to utilize a validated screening tool to explore quantifiable presence of depression among college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse (RPOM). Additionally, gender differences in depression and co-occurring substance use are examined. Methods: Students (n = 104) of a large …

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The Impact Of Exercise In Spaceflight And Microgravity Environments, William Bybee Jan 2020

The Impact Of Exercise In Spaceflight And Microgravity Environments, William Bybee

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Since mankind’s first spaceflight, a significant barricade in reaching distant planets has been the damaging effects of microgravity upon the human body. Effects range from loss in bone mineral density and severe muscle atrophy to autoimmune disorders. The most effective countermeasure of these effects to date is exercise. Implementation of exercise in microgravity is not an easy task, so various specialized equipment must be utilized to effectively administer it. Even with this equipment, exercise as it is currently used does not entirely prevent body systems from undergoing detrimental changes. New modalities and implementations are currently being investigated that may significantly …

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Point-Of-Care Research: Retrospective Analysis Of The Evaluation And Classification Of Tendon Pathology In Athletic Training, Ashley J. Reeves, Russell T. Baker, Scott W. Cheatham, Alan Nasypany Jan 2020

Point-Of-Care Research: Retrospective Analysis Of The Evaluation And Classification Of Tendon Pathology In Athletic Training, Ashley J. Reeves, Russell T. Baker, Scott W. Cheatham, Alan Nasypany

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Tendon pathology has been studied across healthcare professions but remains poorly understood. Imaging and clinical findings have been used to diagnose tendon pathology, but these findings are discrepant. It is vital that clinicians use sound clinical judgment to determine the most accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment options given documented clinical findings. The purposes of this study were to assess athletic trainers’: 1) documented clinical findings for patients presenting with tendon pain, 2) use of documented findings to inform clinical diagnosis of tendon pathology, and 3) change in tendon pathology classification when presented with a novel diagnostic term. A total of …

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Functional Balance Assessment Of Firefighters During Mass-Screening Examinations, Rachel M. Eiler, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Kenneth E. Games Jan 2020

Functional Balance Assessment Of Firefighters During Mass-Screening Examinations, Rachel M. Eiler, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Kenneth E. Games

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Firefighters are tactical athletes who are required to complete rigorous tasks as part of their job functions. The focus of this clinical outcomes assessment was to assess functional balance assessment through the use of the anterior reach test with and without personal protective equipment (PPE) during a mass-screening examination. The screening was completed with 61 active firefighters in a local fire department with access to athletic training services. The results of the anterior reach assessment identified a significant difference of a firefighter’s anterior reach when donning and doffing PPE. Anterior reach distances were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) on the right leg with (mean = 55.78 cm ± 7.53 cm) and without PPE (mean = 58.92 cm ± 6.47 cm). Similarly, significant decrements (P = 0.003) in left leg anterior reach distance in firefighters donning (mean = 57.67 cm ± 8.25 cm) and doffing (mean = 59.82 cm ± 6.31 cm) PPE. Clinical application of these findings suggests that healthcare providers working with tactical athletes, specifically firefighters, should consider the risks associated with donning PPE such as functional balance deficits.

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