Cellular and Molecular Physiology Commons^™

Interspecies Comparison Of Αii-Spectrin Abundance Between Chinook Salmon And Steelhead, Brielle D. Kemis, Ann L. Miracle, Katie A. Wagner, Christa M. Woodley

STAR Program Research Presentations

Salmonids, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss), are a staple economic, recreational, tribal, and environmental resource, yet many populations are unsustainable. This study was part of a broad scale effort to monitor the impact of downstream migration obstacles on juvenile salmonid health and survival, which is an essential step towards increasing Smolt-to-Adult Return ratios (SARs). The objective of this study was to determine if juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead exhibit differing quantities of alphaII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs) over two consecutive spring migration periods, indicative of neurogenesis rate and/or biological response to head …

The Impact Of Tricaine Methanesulfonate, 2-Phenoxyethanol, And Carvone-Methyl Salicylate On The Innate Immune Response Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Charles R. Wulff

Honors Theses

Anesthesia plays a vital role in the maintenance of aquaculture species, where it is used to minimize stress during complex handling tasks such as transport, assessment, and harvesting. However, anesthetics have been shown to suppress the innate immune response, which could impact immunity and increase risk of infection. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) represent two of the most commonly used anesthetics in aquaculture, with R-(+)-carvone, in the form of carvone-methyl salicylate (CMS) has recently been proposed as an alternative anesthetic for food fish. These three anesthetics were used to assess the influence of anesthetics on the immune system of …

Effects Of Estrogen On Muscle Damage In Response To An Acute Resistance Exercise Protocol, Megan R. Wolf

Honors Scholar Theses

Creatine Kinase (CK) is used as a measure of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage. During acute eccentric (muscle lengthening) exercise, muscle sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and Z-lines are damaged, thus causing muscle proteins and enzymes to leak into the interstitial fluid.

Strenuous eccentric exercise produces an elevation of oxygen free radicals, which further increases muscle damage. Muscle soreness and fatigue can be attributed to this membrane damage. Estradiol, however, may preserve membrane stability post-exercise (Brancaccio, Maffulli, & Limongelli, 2007; Carter, Dobridge, & Hackney, 2001; Tiidus, 2001). Because estradiol has a similar structure to Vitamin E, which is known to have antioxidant properties, …

Adrenergic Receptor Expression On Raw264.7 Macrophages, Lindsay Ward

Honors Theses

In this study, AR surface expression patterns and regulation via AR-catecholamine interactions were characterized. Macrophage function was shown to be regulated by catecholamines through both Alpha- and Beta-ARs, as evidenced by corresponding alterations in cytokine production. Treatment of activated macrophages with NE, a general catecholamine, or fomoterol, a P-AR agonist, produced significant decreases in TNF and IL-6 secretion. The effecis of clonidine, an Alpha-AR agonist, produced less consistent results, but clonidine-mediated enhancement of cytokine secretion appears to be mediated by Alpha-AR signaling. LPS was shown to noticeably change the surface expression ofboth types of ARs in RAW264.7 macrophages. However, NE …

Cholinergic Neurons Regulate And Utilize Gdnf Secreted By C2c12 Skeletal Muscle Cells In Culture, John-Mary Vianney, John Spitsbergen

Biological Sciences Faculty and Graduate Student Research

Glialcell line-derived neurotrophicfactor (GDNF) has been regarded as a potent survival factor for a subpopulation of neurons. It has been shown that GDNF expression is upregulated in skeletal muscle of patients with early stage of neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous results from our laboratory showed that neural cells regulate GDNF secretion by skeletal muscle; non-innervated skeletal muscle appear to secrete more GDNF compared to innervated skeletal muscle. Two aims were examined in the current study. First, to examine whether neural cells inhibit GDNF through acetylcholine release. Second was to examine whether differentiated NG108-15 neural cells secrete …

Molecular Analysis Of The Effects Of Atrazine On Xenopus Laevis Frogs, Ronald Edward Celestine

Dissertations

Atrazine, the most commonly used herbicide in the U.S., has been implicated as one of the factors that may be causing the worldwide decline of amphibians. First, I examined effects of atrazine on laboratory raised Xenopus laevis tadpoles, treated from 5 days post fertilization to NF stage 65/66 with a concentrationof 25 ppb of atrazine. This study showed no significant difference in body weight, length and metamorphic rate.

Second, I used DNA microarrays to examine mRNA expression levels of genes in atrazine treated and control Xenopus laevis tadpoles. I found significant changes in gene expression levels of 18 genes. These …

Response Of Stress Levels In Domestic Canines To Calming Pheromone, Kathleen Barrett

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Activates Nuclear Factor- Κb, Increases Intracellular Calcium, And Modulates Gene Transcription In Rat Heart Cells, David A. Tiangco, Frank A. Lattanzio Jr., Christopher J. Osgood, Stephen J. Beebe, Julie A. Kerry, Barbara Y. Hargrave

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an illicit psychoactive drug that has gained immense popularity among teenagers and young adults. The cardiovascular toxicological consequences of abusing this compound have not been fully characterized. The present study utilized a transient transfection/dual luciferase genetic reporter assay, fluorescence confocal microscopy, and gene expression macroarray technology to determine nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, intracellular calcium balance, mitochondrial depolarization, and gene transcription profiles, respectively, in cultured rat striated cardiac myocytes (H9c2) exposed to MDMA. At concentrations of 1×10⁻³ M and 1×10⁻² M, MDMA significantly enhanced NF-κB reporter activity compared with 0 M (medium only) control. This …

Changes In Gdnf Protein Content Of Skeletal Muscle Following Involuntary Exercise Are Long Lived, Kyle R. Kinnell, Monica J. Czarnopys, John Spitsbergen

Biological Sciences Faculty and Graduate Student Research

Glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor produced by skeletal muscle. GDNF has been shown to be potent survival factor for motor neurons. We have previously shown that GDNF content in skeletal muscle is altered following exercise and GDNF levels 24 hours after the last bout of exercise are significantly different than those measured immediately after exercise. We sought to determine how long after exercise do GDNF protein levels remain altered. We removed extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and Soleus (SOL), 24 hr, 72 hr and 1 week following the last bout of involuntary exercise. Muscles were processed …

Exposure Of Nervous System Cells To Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) Results In Significant Alterations In Levels Of Expression Of Neurotrophic Factors, Charles F. Ide, Jay C. Means, Trisha M. Basford, John Spitsbergen

Biological Sciences Faculty and Graduate Student Research

Toxic insult by PCBs results in learning and memory deficits in humans. Alterations in expression of neurotrophic factors and/or their receptors have been linked to changes in cognition. How PCBs affect cognition is not known. We propose that PCBs affect cognition by altering neurotrophic factor expression or effects. We exposed cultured C6 glial cells in medium containing PCB (Aroclor 1254 (10ppm)). Control cells were treated with DMSO or regular medium. Cells were incubated at 37o C for up to 72 hours. Medium samples were taken at 6hr, 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr intervals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine …

Physiological Comparison Of Plaque-Producing And Non-Plaque-Producing Streptococci With Emphasis On Mannitol Utilization, Brenda Castle

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Brenda Castle on July 19, 1973.