Physiology Commons^™

Of Attachment And Connection: Auxin Signaling In The Cambium Promotes Successful Plant Grafting, Janlo M. Robil

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Left Ventricle Under Stress: Exploring The Impact Of Gestational Stress On Postpartum Cardiovascular Health, Archana Ramesh

Senior Theses

A woman’s cardiovascular system undergoes several changes to equip it for the physiological demands of pregnancy. The left ventricle (LV) is most susceptible to changes such as increased cardiac output and workload because it is the primary chamber in the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. Some mothers may be unable to cope with the physiological demands, and ventricular hypertrophy, along with other cardiac remodeling that takes place during pregnancy, may bring light to underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). The peripartum period often comes with heightened stress, disproportionately for certain populations, and this stress has been linked with …

Effectiveness Of A Fast- Vs. Slow-Velocity Training On Load-Velocity Characteristics In Older Adults: A Pilot Study, Blake Murphy, Kelley Hammond, Leland Barker, Mae Grahek, Mikayla Grocki, Jake A. Siedlik, Mitchel Magrini

International Journal of Exercise Science

Resistance training at fast velocities is suggested to be more effective for improving muscular strength and movement speed compared slow, heavy training. This study aimed to examine the effects of a fast-velocity (FVRT) compared to a slow-velocity (SVRT) resistance training program on maximal strength, maximal movement speed, and load-velocity characteristics in older adults. Nineteen community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either the FVRT or SVRT group and completed a twice weekly, progressive resistance training protocol for 8-weeks. Both groups were instructed to move the weight “as fast as possible” and received movement velocity biofeedback. Absolute (1RM_ABS) and …

Foliar Application Of Vermitea On Wheat Against Salt Stress Under Hydroponic Condition, Basir Ahmed, Anser Ali, Muhammad Sarwar, Wajad Nazeer, Imdad Ullah

Journal of Bioresource Management

Salinity is one of the major issues that drastically reduce wheat production. In a hydroponic investigation, vermitea was employed to evaluate the impact of salinity on wheat. The vermitea is a by-product of the vermicomposting process that has both macro- and micronutrients. When these plants reached full maturity, they were harvested. The evaluation was based on their morphological characteristics, such as root/shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, plant height, root/shoot length, number of spikelets per spikelet, spike length, number of grains per spikelet, and biological yield per plant. The leaves relative water contents and other biochemical parameters including K+, Na+, chlorophyll …

High Fat, High Sucrose Diet Promotes Increased Expression Of Ace2 Receptor In The Siv-Infected Host: Implications For Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Elizabeth C. Delery, Danielle E. Levitt, Angela M. Amedee, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Introduction: People with pre-existing conditions, including metabolic comorbidities, are at greater risk for complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and expression of machinery required for viral entry into host cells may be a contributing factor. This study tested the hypothesis that high fat, high sucrose diet (HFSD) and alcohol use increase expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in tissues isolated from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected macaques, the most clinically relevant model for the study of HIV. Methods: Biospecimens obtained from a longitudinal study of SIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) …

Influence Of Fatigue On The Modification Of Biomechanical Parameters In Endurance Running: A Systematic Review, Javier Olaya-Cuartero, Berta Lopez-Arbues, Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo, Lamberto Villalon-Gasch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1377-1391, 2024. Fatigue accumulated during the practice of endurance running can be understood as the decrease in sports performance caused by physical exertion. Since fatigue can manifest itself in multiple ways, its influence is difficult to understand, and many authors propose different studies with the aim of obtaining firm conclusions. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of fatigue on the modification of biomechanical parameters to mitigate adverse effects and optimize positive adaptations to training. A systematic review was carried out using scientific research papers from specific sport science …

Ankle Stability And Single-Leg Balance Control In Collegiate Female Soccer Players Versus Non-Soccer Players, Jesus Aguilar, Courtnie Cano, Matthew Cunningham, You-Jou Hung

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(6): 1406-1415, 2024. Ankle sprains are common in female soccer players. Ankle injuries have the potential to impact balance control, which can further contribute to recurrent injuries. This study aimed to examine if female collegiate soccer players exhibited worse ankle stability and single-leg balance than female non-soccer players, and whether there was a correlation between ankle stability and single-leg balance. Eighteen female collegiate soccer players and 22 female non-soccer players participated in the study. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) was used to evaluate ankle stability. The Athletic Single Leg Stability Test (ASLST) of the …

The Effects Of High-Intensity Functional Training On The Perceptions Of Exercise In Middle-Aged Females: A Pilot Study, Halle N. Brin, Baylie G. Sigmund, Nathan D. Dicks, Kathryn J. Deshaw, Tanis J. Walch, Michael J. Carper, Allison M. Barry

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(5): 1392-1405, 2024. The high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in the U.S. is a public health crisis. This study aims to examine the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on exercise perceptions and physiological changes in inactive females. A pre-test and post-test, quasi-experimental design was conducted with inactive, middle-aged females (n = 8) participating in an 8-week supervised and verified intervention (2-week High-Intensity Interval Training, 6-weeks HIFT). The Health Belief Model Scale for Exercise (HBMS-E) survey was completed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up to assess exercise perceptions. Pre- and post-intervention physiological assessments …

Physiological And Psychological Performance Considerations Of Female Elite Warfighters (Few) In United States Military Special Operations: A Qualitative Study, Bailey Weis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the physical and psychological characteristics of the female elite warfighters (FEW) that have completed a special operations selection or elite combat course in the United States Armed Forces. The theory guiding this study was Kathy Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory (CGT) to gain deeper insight on the female pioneers who are completing special operations selections or elite combat courses by exploring the physical and psychological nature of their experience. The CGT framework for this study highlighted the participants’ background, physical insights, and mental resilience as indicators of their success while enabling …

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Elderly, Jessica Odikpo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Examining Changes In Pain Sensitivity Following 8 Minutes Of Cycling At Varying Exercise Intensities, Brandi B. Antonio, Jeffrey Stout, Danielle Sterner, Abigail Anderson, David Fukuda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(7): 1337-1351, 2024. This study assessed the effect of an eight-minute cycling intervention using varying intensities on exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of varying intensities on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and heat pain threshold (HPT) at the thigh and forearm, tested pre- and post-cycling intervention. Healthy male participants (n = 16) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to establish their peak power output (PPO). In subsequent visits, participants completed five different 8-minute cycling interventions, with intensities randomly assigned to one of three …

Perceptions Of Peer And Parental Support: Feasibility Of A Physical Activity Intervention For Adolescent Girls, Avery G. Douglas, Deirdre Dlugonski, Johanna M. Hoch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(5): 1352-1360, 2024. Physical activity (PA) has a wide range of health benefits. Children with high levels of social support are more likely to achieve adequate levels of PA. The purposes of this pilot study were to examine the impact of an after-school intervention on perceived peer and parental support among adolescent girls and to identify correlates of support to explore in future studies to increase PA. Seventeen low-active girls in 6th–7th grade were recruited from a local middle school to participate in an 8-week intervention where they were exposed to various types of PA …

Inter-Individual Responses To Acute Resistance Training In The Blood Pressure Dipping Response In Normotensive And Hypertensive Men, Elizabeth Carpio-Rivera, José Moncada-Jiménez, Alejandro Salicetti-Fonseca, Andrea Solera-Herrera

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(3): 1361-1376, 2024. The blood pressure dipping response to acute resistance training exercise (RTE) is scarce in the literature. We determined the inter-individual blood pressure (BP) dipping variability of normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) men completing two modalities of a single session of RTE. Volunteers (NT n = 21, HT n = 20) underwent a non-exercise control (CTRL), RTE high-sets low-repetitions (HSLR), and RTE high-repetitions low-sets (HRLS) conditions. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring recorded diurnal and nocturnal systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP. Non-significant interactions were found between the category of individuals and the experimental conditions …

Physiological And Psychological Differences Between 20% Grade Incline-Walking And Level-Grade Jogging At Isocaloric Intensity, Motoki Sato, Taj Krieger, Alexis D. Gidley, Brianne Weaver, Craig A. Johnson, David E. Lankford

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(6): 1318-1336, 2024. High-incline walking is a relatively new trend with little comparative information. This study compared physiological and psychological differences between high-incline walking at 20% grade (HIW) and level-grade jogging (LGJ) at isocaloric intensities in young adults. Twenty-two participants (M = 11, F = 11) aged 19–31 years completed the study. Participants completed HIW and LGJ on a treadmill for twenty minutes on two separate occasions and matched at isocaloric intensities. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), maintainability (HCM), and affective valence using the Feeling Scale (FS) were measured at minutes 2, 10, and 20. …

Comparison Of Lower Limb Mass, Thigh Circumference, And Balance Ability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction And In Control Participants, Micah B. Hebert, Laura L. Dill, Paul T. Stuhr, Deanna J. Schmidt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1306-1317, 2024. Injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee is common, with up to 250,000 cases annually in the United States. Such injuries can lead to muscle atrophy, impaired balance, and limited movement. This study aimed to compare the lower limbs of individuals with ACL reconstruction to a Control group. We hypothesized that ACL participants would exhibit greater asymmetry between lower limbs as compared to Controls. Data were collected from 12 ACL participants and 30 Control participants. Measurements included lower limb muscle mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance, thigh circumference at 10 …

Validity And Reliability Of A Linear Position Transducer To Measure Barbell Velocity, Duration, And Displacement During The Bench Press, Anthony G. Pinzone, Ryan W. Gant, Jennifer Rivera, Edward Z. Pelka, Emily C. Tagesen, Modesto A. Lebron, Adam R. Jajtner

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(7): 1294-1305, 2024. This investigation evaluated validity and reliability of the HUMAC360 linear position transducer (LPT) compared to the Tendo Sport Weightlifting Analyzer (TENDO) for measuring mean velocity (MV), peak velocity (PV), and displacement (D) during the bench press. Seventeen recreationally active individuals completed three visits. During visit one, participants were assessed for their one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press. During subsequent visits, participants completed two sets of three repetitions of bench press at 30, 50, 60, and 70% 1RM. The HUMAC and TENDO measured MV, PV, and D simultaneously, while the HUMAC also measured …

Metallophytes As Guardians Of Highly Harsh Environments – Comprehensive Insights Into Silene Vulgaris Tolerance To Metals, Konrad Bąk, Maksymilian Adamczyk, Jagoda Matyjek, Anna Rusaczonek, Wojciech Borucki, Alina Wiszniewska, Ewa Muszyńska

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Harnessing The Potential Of Extremophyte Sea Aster For Environmental Challenges, Maksymilian Adamczyk, Konrad Bąk, Anna Rusaczonek, Aleksandra Koźmińska, Ewa Muszyńska, Alina Wiszniewska

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Hip Position On Neck Kinematics And Muscle Activity In Healthy And Non-Specific Neck Pain Subjects, Enrique Lopez, Everett Lohman, Noha Daher, Mansoor Alameri, Robert Dudley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1280-1293, 2024. Neck pain is a widespread problem in society with many variables influencing its cause. The angle of the hip may influence the kinematics of the neck in addition to the myoelectrical activation of the surrounding musculature that contributes to the development of neck pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in spinal inclination angles and muscle activity in the neck using a 10 deg wedge in a forward slope, neutral and rear slope seated position. Forty subjects were recruited for this study. Each subject sat at a workstation …

Validity, Reliability, And Sensitivity Of A Commercially Available Barbell Velocity Measuring Device When Performing Selected Exercises., Daniel J. Lawson, Alex A. Olmos, Cody A. Stahl, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos, Jacob R. Goodin, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 1250-1279, 2024. The aim of this study was to determine the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of a new linear position transducer (LPT) device (RepOne) to a previously validated LPT (Tendo) during the barbell back squat and bench press exercises. Fourteen recreationally resistance-trained individuals (7 males and 7 females) performed three repetitions for the back squat and bench press at loads ranging from 30–90% 1RM. Both devices recorded average (ACV) and peak (PCV) concentric velocities concurrently for every repetition at each load. Significant correlations were observed between RepOne and Tendo during the back squat (PCV: …

Effects Of Technique And Dummy Mass On Law Enforcement-Specific Body Drags: Testing And Training Implications, Matthew R. Moreno, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Joseph M. Dulla, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 1235-1249, 2024. Current law enforcement body drag tests may use dummy masses that are underweight compared to current population norms. This study aimed to determine differences in 74.84-kg and 90.72-kg body drag times when performed with a standard (pick up and stand with dummy prior to dragging), adapted (incorporation of time to lift dummy to standing), and preferred (drag with any technique) technique. Forty-three (24 males, 19 females) physically-active, healthy civilians (surrogate population for police recruits) completed drags over 9.75 m with 74.84-kg and 90.72-kg dummies using the three techniques previously stated. A 2 …

Diabetes Screening Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Descriptive Study Of Commercial Claims, 2011–2019, Jacklyn Vollmer, W. Jay Christian, Mary E. Lacy

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects 6–12% of United States women of reproductive age. Because women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, clinical practice guidelines from a number of organizations (e.g. American Diabetes Association, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, US Preventive Services Task Force) recommend that individuals with PCOS are routinely screened for diabetes. Guidelines further indicate that an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should be used for diabetes screening in women with PCOS as opposed to an A1C or fasting plasma glucose test. The purpose of this …

Advancements In Apoe And Dementia Research: Highlights From The 2023 Aaic Advancements: Apoe Conference., Courtney M Kloske, Michael E Belloy, Elizabeth E Blue, Gregory R Bowman, Maria C Carrillo, Xiaoying Chen, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Albert A Davis, Gilbert Di Paolo, Francesca Garretti, David Gate, Lesley R. Golden, Jay W Heinecke, Joachim Herz, Yadong Huang, Costantino Iadecola, Lance A Johnson, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Celeste M Karch, Anastasia Khvorova, Sascha J Koppes-Den Hertog, Bruce T Lamb, Paige E Lawler, Yann Le Guen, Alexandra Litvinchuk, Chia-Chen Liu, Simin Mahinrad, Edoardo Marcora, Claudia Marino, Danny M Michaelson, Justin J Miller, Josh M. Morganti, Priyanka S Narayan, Michel S Naslavsky, Marlies Oosthoek, Kapil V Ramachandran, Abhirami Ramakrishnan, Ana-Caroline Raulin, Aiko Robert, Rasha N M Saleh, Claire Sexton, Nilomi Shah, Francis Shue, Isabel J Sible, Andrea Soranno, Michael R Strickland, Julia Tcw, Manon Thierry, Li-Huei Tsai, Ryan A Tuckey, Jason D Ulrich, Rik Van Der Kant, Na Wang, Cheryl L Wellington, Stacie C Weninger, Hussein N Yassine, Na Zhao, Guojun Bu, Alison M Goate, David M Holtzman

Physiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is an established central player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with distinct apoE isoforms exerting diverse effects. apoE influences not only amyloid-beta and tau pathologies but also lipid and energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, cerebral vascular health, and sex-dependent disease manifestations. Furthermore, ancestral background may significantly impact the link between APOE and AD, underscoring the need for more inclusive research.

METHODS: In 2023, the Alzheimer's Association convened multidisciplinary researchers at the "AAIC Advancements: APOE" conference to discuss various topics, including apoE isoforms and their roles in AD pathogenesis, progress in apoE-targeted therapeutic strategies, updates …

Therapeutics For Sickle Cell Disease Intravascular Hemolysis, Jianyao Xue, Xiang-An Li

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder predominantly affecting individuals of African descent, with a significant global health burden. SCD is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, driven by the polymerization of mutated hemoglobin within red blood cells (RBCs), leading to vascular inflammation, organ damage, and heme toxicity. Clinical manifestations include acute pain crises, hemolytic anemia, and multi-organ dysfunction, imposing substantial morbidity and mortality challenges. Current therapeutic strategies mitigate these complications by increasing the concentration of RBCs with normal hemoglobin via transfusion, inducing fetal hemoglobin, restoring nitric oxide signaling, inhibiting platelet-endothelium interaction, and stabilizing hemoglobin in its oxygenated state. While hydroxyurea …

Effects Of Virtual Reality-Based Mirror Therapy On Upper Extremity Motor Function, Manual Performance And Gross Manual Dexterity Among Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis, Fouzia Hussain, Mahnoor Khursheed, Sumera Afzal, Muhammad Usman Khan, Ahad Hasan, Meeran Hasnain

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(7): 1219-1234, 2024. In recent years, innovative technologies have gained prominence in stroke patient rehabilitation worldwide, with virtual reality-based mirror therapy (VRBMT) emerging as a notable example. Hence, the present study aims to determine the efficacy of VRBMT on upper extremity motor function, manual performance, and gross manual dexterity among stroke patients. The systematic search utilized Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Design (PICOD) paradigm, and the study searched was based on 2012-2023, utilizing different databases. The meta-analysis data was evaluated using MedCalc version 18.11.3. The Pooled effect size mean was statistically examined using a fixed …

Beyond The Buzz: Do Energy Drinks Offer More Than Caffeine For Mental And Physical Tasks?, Flavia F. Pereira, Jose Antonio, Cassandra Evans, Jose Rojas, Jason M. Curtis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 1208-1218, 2024. Energy drinks are marketed for enhancing mental and physical performance, often containing ingredients beyond caffeine. This study investigated whether an energy drink (ED), Gorilla Mind, exerted greater effects on sustained attention, mood, handgrip strength, and push-up performance than a caffeine-matched control drink (CAF) in exercise-trained individuals (n = 21, age: 22 ± 5.9 years). In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, participants first completed tests assessing mood (Profile of Mood States; POMS), sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance Test; PVT), handgrip strength (HG), and 1-minute maximum push-up performance (PU). They then consumed either an ED …

Division I Collegiate Baseball Pitching Performance In Relation To Forearm Kinematics And Kinetics, Christopher W. Watson

Master's Theses

This thesis investigates physical and anthropometric factors influenced by forearm rotation biases associated with supination and pronation on pitch characteristics among Division I college baseball pitchers. The study involved twenty-two participants who underwent comprehensive physical assessments, including measures of forearm strength, range of motion, and grip strength, as well as finger and hand length measurements. Ball flight metrics were collected during intrasquad scrimmages using advanced radar tracking technology. Results revealed significant relationships between distinct physical biases of strength in pronation and supination, pinch strength, anthropometrics such as middle finger length, and specific pitch characteristics. This study lays the groundwork for …

Effects Of Simulated Equestrian Therapy In Improving Motor Proficiency Among Down Syndrome Children- A Randomized Controlled Trial, Maha Siddiqui, Sumaira Imran Farooqui Prof.Dr, Jaza Rizvi Ms., Bashir Ahmed Soomro Dr., Muhammad Usman Khan Mr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1193-1207, 2024. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Simulated Equestrian Therapy and Neuro-Motor Therapy in improving Motor Proficiency among Down syndrome children using a double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. This study was conducted at Dar-ul-Sukun Institute and Dr. Ziauddin Hospital from April to September 2023 by enrolling a total of 56 participants with Down syndrome (DS) after obtaining informed, voluntary assent from the guardians of the participants. Each participant was allocated randomly to the treatment group (n = 28) that received Simulated Equestrian Therapy (SET) and the control group …

Muscle Damage And Immune-Endocrine Responses In 20km Walking Race, Bruno Marques Fidelis, Julio C. Molina Correa, Martim G. Weber, Matheus G. Gois, Solange De Paula Ramos, Eduardo C F Tonani

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(7): 1167-1182, 2024. The objective of the study was to monitor exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), inflammatory responses (IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10), and immune-endocrine balance (testosterone, cortisol, and salivary SIgA) in official 20 km walking race competitions. Eight 20 km professional walking racers (n = 6 women), 27 ± 9 years, underwent blood and saliva sampling, evaluation of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jump tests 2 h before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 24 and 48 h after the competition. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded 20 minutes …

Reliability Of The Instrumented Modified Clinical Test Of Sensory Interaction On Balance Using A Virtual Balance Device, Sonia N. Young, Elizabeth S. Norris, Thomas Shifflett, Daniel Nisbet, Brady Saunders, Caleb Driver

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1183-1192, 2024. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the instrumented version of the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (i-mCTSIB) using the VirtuSense VirtuBalance System™ (VSTBalance), a virtual balance device, in healthy young adults. Fifty-four subjects aged 20–27 years (Mean age 23.07, SD ± 1.6), participated in the study. A one-group design was utilized. Three trials of the i-mCTSIB were performed on two separate days to measure the mean sway velocity of the trunk under four conditions. Within-day reliability of trials 1–3 was estimated with intraclass …