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2020

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Articles 211 - 240 of 400

Full-Text Articles in Physiology

The Validity And Reliability Of The Mi Band Wearable Device For Measuring Steps And Heart Rate, Chloe Paradiso, Francisco Colino, Sam Liu Apr 2020

The Validity And Reliability Of The Mi Band Wearable Device For Measuring Steps And Heart Rate, Chloe Paradiso, Francisco Colino, Sam Liu

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 689-701, 2020. The study objectives were to 1) evaluate the criterion validity and reliability of the Mi Band 2 wearable activity monitor to measure steps during a six-minute walk test (6MWT), a treadmill walking test at various speed (1.28 km/h, 1.92 km/h, and 2.88 km/h) and a stair climbing test; 2) assess the validity and reliability of the monitor to measure heart rate during rest and exercise. Fourteen participants (females: n = 8; mean age ± SD: 23 ± 4.2) completed the study. The mean body mass index was 22 ± 3.6. The majority …

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The Effect Of Beetroot Supplementation On High-Intensity Functional Training Performance, Sean Collins, Danielle Kearns Apr 2020

The Effect Of Beetroot Supplementation On High-Intensity Functional Training Performance, Sean Collins, Danielle Kearns

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 667-676, 2020. Nitrate supplementation (NO3-) has been shown to improve athletic performance for short-duration, vigorous activity, as well as long-duration, aerobic activity. The purpose was to explore the effects of beetroot supplementation (BR) on high-intensity functional training (HIFT) performance. Twenty-four HIFT participants (25 ± 6.5 years, 175.17 ± 8.1 cm, 84.94 ± 12.09 kg), who attended HIFT classes at least 3 days per week for the past 3 months, performed a benchmark performance test (5 rounds of a 400-m run followed by 15 overhead squats with a 95-lb (for males)/65-lb (for …

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Influence Of Fatigue On Planned Agility Performance In Soccer Players., Sofia K. Jakobsson, Tal Amasay Apr 2020

Influence Of Fatigue On Planned Agility Performance In Soccer Players., Sofia K. Jakobsson, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 656-666, 2020. We investigated the acute fatiguing effects of sprint interval training (SIT) on change of direction performance in male and female soccer players. A T-test was performed once before (PRE) and twice following (POST 1 and POST 2) the completion of four sets of 4 s cycle ergometer sprints protocol. The sprint intervals were separated by 25 s active recovery. POST 1 was performed approximately 25 s following the final cycle sprint and POST 2 began two minutes after completing POST 1. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to …

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Three Weeks Of Detraining Does Not Decrease Muscle Thickness, Strength Or Sport Performance In Adolescent Athletes, Simon Gavanda, Stephan Geisler, Oliver J. Quittmann, Helen Bauhaus, Thorsten Schiffer Apr 2020

Three Weeks Of Detraining Does Not Decrease Muscle Thickness, Strength Or Sport Performance In Adolescent Athletes, Simon Gavanda, Stephan Geisler, Oliver J. Quittmann, Helen Bauhaus, Thorsten Schiffer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 633-644, 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of detraining following a block (BLOCK) or daily undulating periodized (DUP) resistance training (RT) on hypertrophy, strength, and athletic performance in adolescent athletes. Twenty-one males (age = 16 ± 0.7 years; range 15-18 years) were randomly assigned to one of two 12-week intervention groups (three full-body RT sessions per week): BLOCK (n = 9); DUP (n = 12). Subsequently a three-week detraining period was applied. Body mass, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, muscle thickness (rectus femoris, vastus …

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Momentum During A Running Competition: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study, Vincent Gosselin Boucher, Sandra Pelaez, Andrée-Anne Parent, Jacques Plouffe, Alain Steve Comtois Apr 2020

Momentum During A Running Competition: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study, Vincent Gosselin Boucher, Sandra Pelaez, Andrée-Anne Parent, Jacques Plouffe, Alain Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 615-632, 2020. The purpose of this study was to better understand the psychological momentum (PM) in varsity cross-country competitive runners during a 3000 m selection trials. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used: recruitment trial race day (quantitative) and interview day (qualitative + maximal aerobic running speed [MARS]). Sample was consisted of fifteen university distance runners (n = six women [25.9 ± 7.0 years old; 22.2 ± 1.8 BMI] and nine men [23.2 ± 2.4 years old; 22.6 ± 1.6 BMI]). During the recruitment trial race, athletes’ MARS was measured and used …

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The Increase In Oxygen Demand During Severe Intensity Exercise Must Be Included In Calculation Of Oxygen Deficit, Andrea E. Riojas, Jose R. Valenzuela, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill Apr 2020

The Increase In Oxygen Demand During Severe Intensity Exercise Must Be Included In Calculation Of Oxygen Deficit, Andrea E. Riojas, Jose R. Valenzuela, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 645-655, 2020. A contentious element in the traditional method of calculating accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) is the assumption that the oxygen demand remains constant throughout a bout of exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of this assumption. Twelve women and eight men volunteered for the study and completed cycle ergometer tests that resulted in exhaustion after ~4 min and ~8 min. In each test, AOD was calculated by subtracting accumulated oxygen uptake (in mL∙kg–1) from estimated total oxygen cost (in mL∙kg–1), which was estimating two …

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Relationships Between Playing Time And Selected Nba Combine Test Performance In Division I Mid-Major Basketball Players, Robert G. Lockie, Aleksander Beljic, Spencer Ducheny, Joseph Kammerer, J. Jay Dawes Apr 2020

Relationships Between Playing Time And Selected Nba Combine Test Performance In Division I Mid-Major Basketball Players, Robert G. Lockie, Aleksander Beljic, Spencer Ducheny, Joseph Kammerer, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 583-596, 2020. There has been limited analyses of DI mid-major male basketball players, and no analyses of relationships between athletic abilities and playing time in this population. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe and compare backcourt and frontcourt players from one mid-major team and (2) determine if there were relationships between playing time (total minutes, total games played, minutes per game) and select tests from the NBA Combine (height, body mass, standing reach, and wingspan; countermovement [VJ] and approach [AppVJ vertical jump], lane agility drill, ¾ court sprint, and 83.91-kg bench …

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High Supervised Resistance Training In Elderly Women: The Role Of Supervision Ratio, Denis Cesar Leite Vieira, Dahan Da Cunha Nascimento, Vitor Tajra, Tatiane Gomes Teixeira, Darlan Lopes De Farias, Ramires Tibana, Alessandro Oliveira Silva, Thiago Santos Rosa, Milton Rocha Moraes, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, James W. Navalta, Jonato Prestes Apr 2020

High Supervised Resistance Training In Elderly Women: The Role Of Supervision Ratio, Denis Cesar Leite Vieira, Dahan Da Cunha Nascimento, Vitor Tajra, Tatiane Gomes Teixeira, Darlan Lopes De Farias, Ramires Tibana, Alessandro Oliveira Silva, Thiago Santos Rosa, Milton Rocha Moraes, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, James W. Navalta, Jonato Prestes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 597-606, 2020. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of very high supervision (VHS-RT) versus high supervision (HS-RT) ratio resistance training (RT) on irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), muscle strength, functional capacity, and body composition in elderly women. Participants performed daily undulating periodized RT over 16 weeks with two different supervision ratios: VHS-RT at 1:2 (supervisor/subject) or HS-RT at 1:5. Serum was used to analyze brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and irisin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while functional capacity was evaluated using …

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Acute Ultraviolet Light Exposure And Post-Resistance Exercise Serum Testosterone: A Pilot Study In Older Men, Shayan Emamjomeh, Luis E. Segura, Joshua A. Cotter, Evan E. Schick Apr 2020

Acute Ultraviolet Light Exposure And Post-Resistance Exercise Serum Testosterone: A Pilot Study In Older Men, Shayan Emamjomeh, Luis E. Segura, Joshua A. Cotter, Evan E. Schick

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 607-614, 2020. Testosterone deficiency is linked to a multitude of conditions including depression, sexual dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Although synthetic testosterone-boosting pharmaceuticals have gained wide use, recent data suggests that vitamin D, ingested orally, may positively impact serum testosterone. Furthermore, evidence tying ultraviolet (UV) light exposure to endogenous vitamin D synthesis presents an intriguing possibility for naturally enhancing serum testosterone. This investigation sought to determine the effect of acute UV light exposure on resistance exercise-induced acute testosteronemia and vitamin D in older men. Six older adult men of varying activity levels (age 62 ± …

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Efficiency Of The Wilks And Ipf Formulas At Comparing Maximal Strength Regardless Of Bodyweight Through Analysis Of The Open Powerlifting Database, Pierre-Marc Ferland, Marc-Olivier Allard, Alain-Steve Comtois Apr 2020

Efficiency Of The Wilks And Ipf Formulas At Comparing Maximal Strength Regardless Of Bodyweight Through Analysis Of The Open Powerlifting Database, Pierre-Marc Ferland, Marc-Olivier Allard, Alain-Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 567-582, 2020. The purpose of this study was to measure the efficiency of the Wilks and International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) Formulas at comparing powerlifting performance (total) between weight classes of the same sex (men and women) and division (classic and equipped) in order to determine the champion of champions. The Open Powerlifting database was downloaded (June 21st, 2019), filtered (Python) and analyzed (IBM SPSS). Single factor ANOVA revealed that the total (kg) was able to compare 3 out of the 98 weight class comparison possibilities (3.1%), the total ratio was able to compare 5 …

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Comparison Of Post-Activation Potentiating Stimuli On Jump And Sprint Performance, Aaron D. Piper, Dustin P. Joubert, Eric J. Jones, Malcolm T. Whitehead Apr 2020

Comparison Of Post-Activation Potentiating Stimuli On Jump And Sprint Performance, Aaron D. Piper, Dustin P. Joubert, Eric J. Jones, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 539-553, 2020. Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon characterized by improved muscle performance based on the previous contractile activity of the muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different potentiating stimuli on jump and sprint performance in 13 resistance trained, college-aged men and women. After determining back squat 1 repetition max, subjects returned for testing on separate days to complete one of four interventions (dynamic resistance, weighted plyometric, isometric, or control) in a randomized order. A standardized warmup was performed, followed by a baseline countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20m …

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Effect Of Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise On Whole-Body Fat Oxidation And Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Cell Signaling In Overweight Women, Hashim Islam, Marysa M.W. Smith, Trisha D. Scribbans, Emma Mccrady, Laura N. Castellani, Matti D. Allen, David C. Wright, Craig A. Simpson, Brendon J. Gurd Apr 2020

Effect Of Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise On Whole-Body Fat Oxidation And Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Cell Signaling In Overweight Women, Hashim Islam, Marysa M.W. Smith, Trisha D. Scribbans, Emma Mccrady, Laura N. Castellani, Matti D. Allen, David C. Wright, Craig A. Simpson, Brendon J. Gurd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 554-566, 2020. Exercise-induced alterations in adipose tissue insulin and/or β-adrenergic signaling may contribute to increases in whole-body fat oxidation following acute exercise. Thus, we examined changes in insulin (Akt, AS160) and β-adrenergic (PKA) signaling proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue and whole-body fat oxidation in overweight women following acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Overweight females completed two experimental sessions in a randomized order: 1) control (bed rest) and 2) HIIE (10 x 4 min running intervals at 90% HRmax, 2-min recovery). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 10 participants before (pre-), …

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The Effects Of Machine-Weight And Free-Weight Resistance Exercise On Hemodynamics And Vascular Function, Erica M. Marshall, Jason C. Parks, Yu Lun Tai, J. Derek Kingsley Apr 2020

The Effects Of Machine-Weight And Free-Weight Resistance Exercise On Hemodynamics And Vascular Function, Erica M. Marshall, Jason C. Parks, Yu Lun Tai, J. Derek Kingsley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 526-538, 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine hemodynamic and vascular responses between machine-weight and free-weight exercise. Resistance-trained individuals were assigned to a machine-weight (n= 13) or free-weight (n= 15) group. Groups completed two visits consisting of their assigned exercise condition and a control (CON). A 2 x 2 x 3 repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the effects of group across condition and time on the hemodynamic parameters [cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), total peripheral resistance (TPR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and stroke volume (SV)]. …

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Correlation Between Cognition And Balance Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults Observed Through A Tai Chi Intervention Program, Tao Xiao, Lin Yang, Lee Smith, Paul D. Loprinzi, Nicola Veronese, Jie Yao, Zonghao Zhang, Jane Jie Yu Apr 2020

Correlation Between Cognition And Balance Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults Observed Through A Tai Chi Intervention Program, Tao Xiao, Lin Yang, Lee Smith, Paul D. Loprinzi, Nicola Veronese, Jie Yao, Zonghao Zhang, Jane Jie Yu

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Xiao, Yang, Smith, Loprinzi, Veronese, Yao, Zhang and Yu. Background: Age-associated decline in cognition and balance may cause severe ability loss for daily living activities among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between cognition and balance in this aging population remains to be explored. Objective: The present study Is exploratory in nature and aimed to examine the relationship between balance (both static and dynamic components) and global cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults through Tai Chi (TC) practice as a research avenue. Methods: A short-term (12 weeks) intervention of TC was conducted among middle-aged and …

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A Comparison Of Motor Unit Control Strategies Between Two Different Isometric Tasks, Sunggun Jeon, William M. Miller, Xin Ye Apr 2020

A Comparison Of Motor Unit Control Strategies Between Two Different Isometric Tasks, Sunggun Jeon, William M. Miller, Xin Ye

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: This study examined the motor unit (MU) control strategies for non-fatiguing isometric elbow flexion tasks at 40% and 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Methods: Nineteen healthy individuals performed two submaximal tasks with similar torque levels: contracting against an immovable object (force task), and maintaining the elbow joint angle against an external load (position task). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from the agonist and antagonist muscles. The signals from the agonist were decomposed into individual action potential trains. The linear regression analysis was used to examine the MU recruitment threshold …

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Temporal Trends In The Association Between Participation In Physical Education And Physical Activity Among U.S. High School Students, 2011-2017, Seungho Ryu, Paul Loprinzi, Heontae Kim, Minsoo Kang Apr 2020

Temporal Trends In The Association Between Participation In Physical Education And Physical Activity Among U.S. High School Students, 2011-2017, Seungho Ryu, Paul Loprinzi, Heontae Kim, Minsoo Kang

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the author. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in physical education and physical activity among U.S. high school students from 2011 to 2017, respectively, and to evaluate temporal trends in the relationship between physical education class participation and physical activity levels. Data from a total of 51,616 high school students who participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed for this study. Physical education was measured as follows: In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education …

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Evaluation Of Balance And A Timed Walk On Ankle Brachial Pressure Index And Potential Blood Measures Of Cardiovascular Health, Hannah M. Twiddy, Patrick B. Wilson, Leyrn Reynolds Apr 2020

Evaluation Of Balance And A Timed Walk On Ankle Brachial Pressure Index And Potential Blood Measures Of Cardiovascular Health, Hannah M. Twiddy, Patrick B. Wilson, Leyrn Reynolds

College of Education & Professional Studies (Darden) Posters

Clinicians are focused on ways to preserve function, independence, and quality of life in the aging adult population. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S.[1]. Thus, assessing the extent of this disease is a high priority in preserving health throughout the lifespan. When determining risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, functional assessments are recognized as a way to embed function-focused care into assessing disease risk [2]. Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) is a non-invasive reliable predictor for identifying cardiovascular disease risk and mortality [3]. Thus, the purpose was to evaluate the association between functional assessments and ankle brachial …

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The Effects Of Physical Exercise On Salivary Microrna Levels, Thomas R. Campbell, Jessica C. Martinez, Noah L. Robertson, Felicia G. Clements, Emily N. Valle, Wyclef Etiennet, Audrey C. Ferguson, Klye J. Kelleran Apr 2020

The Effects Of Physical Exercise On Salivary Microrna Levels, Thomas R. Campbell, Jessica C. Martinez, Noah L. Robertson, Felicia G. Clements, Emily N. Valle, Wyclef Etiennet, Audrey C. Ferguson, Klye J. Kelleran

College of Health Sciences Posters

Diagnosing concussions provides challenges for healthcare professionals due to current diagnostic protocols utilizing subjective input from patients. Recent studies have shown relationships between specific salivary microRNA levels and concussions, but it is unknown if this is due to concussive forces or physical exertion. Analysis of this distinction may contribute to further confirming the relationship of concussions and microRNA, improving techniques for objective assessments of concussion. Objective: To measure the effects of physical exertion through exercise on specific salivary microRNA. Methods: Twenty non-intercollegiate athletes (10:M, 10:F) were recruited for this case series. After ensuring the participants received a minimum of 6-hours …

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A Comparison Of Power Variables For Two Loading Methods In Weighted Vertical Jumps 2020, Jonathan Tanguay Apr 2020

A Comparison Of Power Variables For Two Loading Methods In Weighted Vertical Jumps 2020, Jonathan Tanguay

Master's Theses

Training exercises to develop muscular strength and power, such as the weighted jump squat, commonly utilize barbells and dumbbells to increase resistance. Strength coaches often measure improvements in peak force, peak power, and rate of force development to determine effectiveness of a training program. The purpose of this study was to determine if equipment selection (barbells vs. dumbbells) affects peak force, peak power, and/or rate of force development in weighted jump squats. Thirteen physically active, college-aged males (age: 21.6 ± 2.0 years, height: 182.8 ± 9.7 cm, body mass: 87.2 ± 9.0 kg, lean mass: 72.3 ± 8.1 kg) performed …

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The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Marathon Event: A Case Study From China, Zhanbing Ren, Yifan Zuo, Yudan Ma, Mu Zhang, Lee Smith, Lin Yang, Paul D. Loprinzi, Qian Yu, Liye Zou Apr 2020

The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Marathon Event: A Case Study From China, Zhanbing Ren, Yifan Zuo, Yudan Ma, Mu Zhang, Lee Smith, Lin Yang, Paul D. Loprinzi, Qian Yu, Liye Zou

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of marathon events in China, and to identify the suitable natural environmental factors for the marathon events. Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tools were used to perform coupling analysis, e.g. overlap, neighborhood, intersection and buffer for terrain, climate, air quality, mountains and water resources with 342 marathon events held in China in 2018. Results: The results indicate that the spatial distribution of marathon events in China is negatively correlated with …

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Repeat Expansion Scanning Of The Notch2nlc Gene In Patients With Multiple System Atrophy, Pu Fang, Yanyan Yu, Sheng Yao, Shuyun Chen, Min Zhu, Yunqing Chen, Keji Zou, Lulu Wang, Huan Wang, Ling Xin, Tao Hong, Daojun Hong Apr 2020

Repeat Expansion Scanning Of The Notch2nlc Gene In Patients With Multiple System Atrophy, Pu Fang, Yanyan Yu, Sheng Yao, Shuyun Chen, Min Zhu, Yunqing Chen, Keji Zou, Lulu Wang, Huan Wang, Ling Xin, Tao Hong, Daojun Hong

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association. Objective: Trinucleotide GGC repeat expansion in the 5’UTR of the NOTCH2NLC gene has been recognized as the pathogenesis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Previous studies have described that some NIID patients showed clinical and pathological similarities with multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study aimed to address the possibility that GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC might be associated with some cases diagnosed as MSA. Methods: A total of 189 patients with probable or possible MSA were recruited to screen …

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Is It Time To Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?, Paulo Gentil, Ricardo Borges Viana, João Pedro Naves, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Victor Coswig, Jeremy Loenneke, Claudio André Barbosa Apr 2020

Is It Time To Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?, Paulo Gentil, Ricardo Borges Viana, João Pedro Naves, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Victor Coswig, Jeremy Loenneke, Claudio André Barbosa

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the …

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Does Infant Temperament And Parental Involvement Influence Infant Cardiac Physiological Regulation?, Mary Richter Apr 2020

Does Infant Temperament And Parental Involvement Influence Infant Cardiac Physiological Regulation?, Mary Richter

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The ability to self-regulate allows infants to stay at a baseline level during periods of stress (Porges, 1995). Baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may be used as an indicator of self-regulation and how well an individual can respond to changes in the environment (Stifter & Corey, 2001). Differences in infant temperament can influence a child’s ability to self-regulate (Dale et al., 2011), but moderators of this relationship have not been thoroughly examined in the literature. Parents who are more involved might have more opportunities to teach children important regulatory strategies (Blandon et al., 2010). The current study examined the association …

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Expression Profiling And Mutant Analysis Reveal Complex Regulatory Networks Involved In Arabidopsis Response To Biotic, Abiotic And Hormonal Stresses, Arjun Sham Valiyaveettil Shamgopal Apr 2020

Expression Profiling And Mutant Analysis Reveal Complex Regulatory Networks Involved In Arabidopsis Response To Biotic, Abiotic And Hormonal Stresses, Arjun Sham Valiyaveettil Shamgopal

Biology Dissertations

Biotic and abiotic stress factors consistently threat during different stages of the plant’s life cycle. A complex network of signaling molecules is required to overcome stresses, which is linked to general physiological and molecular processes. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes grey mold disease on many crops. Apart from B. cinerea, several biotic, abiotic and hormonal stresses have detrimental effects on plant growth and productivity. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic regulations of individual stress types using comparative microarray analyses, and to find out the role of differentially expressed genes in Arabidopsis- …

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Postprandial Microvascular Blood Flow In Skeletal Muscle: Similarities And Disparities To The Hyperinsulinaemic-Euglycaemic Clamp, Katherine M. Roberts-Thomson, Andrew C. Betik, Dino Premilovac, Stephen Rattigan, Stephen M. Richards, Renee M. Ross, Ryan D. Russell, Gunveen Kaur, Lewan Parker, Michelle A. Keske Apr 2020

Postprandial Microvascular Blood Flow In Skeletal Muscle: Similarities And Disparities To The Hyperinsulinaemic-Euglycaemic Clamp, Katherine M. Roberts-Thomson, Andrew C. Betik, Dino Premilovac, Stephen Rattigan, Stephen M. Richards, Renee M. Ross, Ryan D. Russell, Gunveen Kaur, Lewan Parker, Michelle A. Keske

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications

Skeletal muscle contributes to ~40% of total body mass and has numerous important mechanical and metabolic roles in the body. Skeletal muscle is a major site for glucose disposal following a meal. Consequently, skeletal muscle plays an important role in postprandial blood glucose homeostasis. Over the past number of decades, research has demonstrated that insulin has an important role in vasodilating the vasculature in skeletal muscle in response to an insulin infusion (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) or following the ingestion of a meal. This vascular action of insulin is pivotal for glucose disposal in skeletal muscle, as insulin-stimulated vasodilation increases the delivery …

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Effects Of Pharmacologically-Induced Sleep Loss On Parental Care In Arctic-Breeding Songbirds, Wesley Payette Apr 2020

Effects Of Pharmacologically-Induced Sleep Loss On Parental Care In Arctic-Breeding Songbirds, Wesley Payette

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Sleep loss is well known to impair cognitive function, immunological responses, and general well-being in humans. However, sleep requirements in mammals and birds may vary dramatically, especially with changes in environment. In circumpolar regions with continuous light, sleep requirements may be little, particularly in breeding birds. The effects of sleep loss on several fitness parameters were examined in two species of Arctic-breeding passerine birds: Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus) and snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis). Adult males were implanted during the nestling phase (4 days post-hatch) with osmotic pumps containing an anti-narcolepsy drug, modafinil, to extend the active period for 72 h. …

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Validation Of A Novel Vo2max Protocol, Griffin Green Apr 2020

Validation Of A Novel Vo2max Protocol, Griffin Green

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Though there are several to choose from, the Bruce protocol is the most commonly utilized treadmill protocol when assessing maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Originally developed for cardiac patients, the Bruce protocol may not be an appropriate treadmill protocol for young or trained individuals with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. The steep grade used often leads localized muscular fatigue, which may cause participants to end the test prior to reaching their true VO2max. Another popular protocol, the Astrand, also utilizes a steep grade, but the speed remains constant. Similar to the Bruce, the Astrand protocol may not prompt a maximal cardiovascular …

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Comparisons Of Celiac Disease And Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, Victoria Thomas Apr 2020

Comparisons Of Celiac Disease And Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, Victoria Thomas

Senior Honors Theses

Celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are often confused or grouped together due to their commonalities. However, this is careless behavior because there are clinically significant differences between the two diseases. Similarities between them include varying degrees of damage or permeability in the lining of the small intestine, involvement of the innate immune system, alleviation of symptoms upon implementation of a gluten-free diet (GFD), and the possibility for complications if the pathology is not adequately treated. Despite these similarities, minor details such as the following make CD and NCGS worth differentiating: the question of gluten as the true …

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The Effect Of Physical Activity And S-Equol On Neurogenesis In The Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat, Jeremy M. Lapointe Apr 2020

The Effect Of Physical Activity And S-Equol On Neurogenesis In The Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat, Jeremy M. Lapointe

Senior Theses

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of physical activity and the administration of s-equol on rates of neurogenesis in HIV-1 transgenic rats. HIV-1 is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to the wide range of cognitive impairment described as HAND. Neurogenesis is a newly discovered process that involves the birth of new neurons during our adult life within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Therefore, inducing neurogenesis may be a proper therapeutic that can mitigate some of the cognitive destruction seen as a result of HIV-1 infection. Physical activity has shown to increase the rate of neurogenesis …

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Use Of A Novel Whole-Body Imaging Approach To Predict Resting Metabolic Rates In Athletes, Nicole Vencil Apr 2020

Use Of A Novel Whole-Body Imaging Approach To Predict Resting Metabolic Rates In Athletes, Nicole Vencil

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Prediction of energy expenditure allows for calculation of appropriate energy requirements, which is especially important for athletes. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the greatest contributor to total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and is typically measured via indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry is not always available, which results in the need for predictive equations. Most predictive equations have been developed with participants resembling the general population and have not been found to be appropriate for athletes, as they may incorrectly predict RMR due to the unique differences of body composition between athletes and the general population. The purpose of the present study …

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