Physiology Commons^™

Increased Frequency Of Moderate Intensity Walking Increases Consumption Of Low Energy Density Foods, L. Panek-Scarborough, J. Temple

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Panek-Scarborough, L., Temple, J., University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY

Figure 1: Mean + SEM change in laboratory energy consumed from pre to post exercise intervention from HED foods (top) and LED foods (bottom). The 5 day/week group consumed significantly more energy from LED food from pre- to post-exercise treatment (p = 0.002) compared to the other groups.

Background: There is evidence that exercise has an effect on the type and amount of food consumed. One factor that regulates eating is the reinforcing value of food. While previous studies have demonstrated interactions between exercise and eating, to date, no one has …

The Influence Of Prophylactic Ankle Strategies On Vertical Jump Performance, C. Nelson, S. Paulson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Nelson, C., Paulson, S. Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA

Purpose: This study examined the effects of prophylactic ankle taping (PAT) and bracing (PAB) on lower extremity kinematics during vertical jump (VJ) performance. Methods: Eighteen volunteers (M±SD = age: 21.4±0.9, height 170.9±10.0 cm, mass 73.2±14.5 kg, body fat 17.3±6.7%) completed the VJ under three conditions: standard PAT, lace-up PAB, and no treatment (CON). Each testing session was separated by a min of 24 hrs in a randomized and counter-balanced order. Prior to testing, the prophylactic ankle condition was applied and six reflective markers were placed along the right side of the body. …

Predictability Of Muscle Fiber Characteristics Using The Biodex System 3, N. Nannapaneni, G. Schmidt, M. Cox, R. Boutote

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Nannapaneni, N., Schmidt, G. (FACSM), Cox, M., Boutote, R., William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the isokinetic dynamometer is capable of distinguishing muscle fiber characteristics between men and women. Methods: 14 participants (7 men and 7 women) of various fitness levels volunteered for this study. Isokinetic testing was conducted using the BIODEX System 3 dynamometer. Each participant was secured in the chair; seat height was adjusted; knee alignment was set at the lateral joint line adjacent to the dynamometer. Power Test: Participants performed 5 sets of 1 maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) …

Vigorous And High Intensity Training With An Anti-Gravity Treadmill, E. Muñoz, M. Figueroa, J. Manning

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Muñoz, E., Figueroa, M., Manning, J.,William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare two different training intensities on and anti-gravity treadmill and to determine whether or not one elicited changes that were more favorable. Methods: Pre and post measures of oxygen consumption (VO₂peak), body fat (BF)% and body mass index (BMI) were collected on twelve subjects, which were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 trained at 80% body weight (BW) 3 x / week, for 8 weeks, at 70% heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 minutes. Group 2 trained at 90% BW, …

Predictive Validity Of Critical Power And Functional Threshold Power For Mountain Bike Race Performance., M. Miller, C. Witmer, G. Moir, S. Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Miller, M., Witmer, C., Moir, G., Davis, S., East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA

Purpose: This study tested the predictive validity of critical power (CP) and functional threshold power (FTP) for mountain bike cross-country (MTB) race performance. Methods: Five well-trained MTB athletes (mean ± s: age: 31.4 ± 9.3 years; mass: 70.8 ± 9.5kg; VO_2max: 63.8 ± 7.0 ml/kg/min) volunteered for this study. Participants’ FTP was measured during a ramped cycle ergometer test to exhaustion and was indicated as the point at which blood lactate reached 4.0 mmol/L. This test also served to measure the gas exchange …

The Effects Of Ankle Taping And Bracing On Agility, Vertical Jump, And Power, T.M. Leonard, J.S. Rotay, S. Paulson, J. Sanders

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Leonard, T. M., Rotay, J. S., Paulson, S., Sanders, J., Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA

Ankle sprains are the most common injury in athletics. Ankle bracing and taping are widely used in order to prevent ankle injuries. Purpose: The primary purpose was to examine the effects of ankle taping and bracing on agility, maximum vertical jump (MVJ) height, and vertical power. The secondary purpose was to determine if there were performance differences in training status (athletic vs. non-athletic) between the conditions. Methods: Nineteen participants (Age 20.6±1.5 yr, Height 173.7±11.9 cm, Mass 77.3±18.0 kg) volunteered. Of the 19 participants, 10 (8 male, …

Resistance Exercise, Carotid Artery Stiffness, And Cerebral Blood Flow Pulsatility, W. Lefferts, J. Augustine, K. Heffernan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lefferts, W., Augustine, J., Heffernan, K., Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY

Cross-sectional studies have identified arterial stiffness as an important correlate of cerebral blood flow (CBF) pulsatility, an important predictor of cerebrovascular damage. Central artery stiffness increases acutely following a bout of resistance exercise (RE). It has yet to be elucidated whether RE-induced increases in arterial stiffness affect CBF pulsatility. Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute RE on carotid artery stiffness and CBF pulsatility. Methods: 18 healthy men (age 22 ± 1 yr; BMI 23.7 ± 0.5 kg∙m^-2) underwent a) acute RE …

Effects Of Simple Carbohydrate Vs. Carbohydrate-Protein Intake On Glucose Homeostasis Following Intense Exercise, J. Kluka, J. Baskerville, K. Clifton, K. Fisher, D. Marks, C. Weidner, P. Veerabhadrappa, W.A. Braun

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Kluka, J., Baskerville, J., Clifton, K., Fisher, K., Marks, D., Weidner, C., Veerabhadrappa, P. and Braun, W.A. (FACSM), Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA.

Purpose: To test the effects of simple carbohydrate (CHO) and the combination of CHO and protein on blood glucose (BG) clearance following intense anaerobic exercise. Methods: Eight members (age = 18.8 ± 1.4 years) of the Shippensburg University Football team participated in the study. On separate test days, subjects were given either a placebo (PL) drink, a CHO drink (74 g CHO in 473 ml), or a carbohydrate-protein (C-PRO) drink (58 g CHO and 16 g PRO in …

Oxidation Of Cellular Amino Acid Pools Leads To Cytotoxic Mistranslation Of The Genetic Code, Tammy J. Bullwinkle, Noah M. Reynolds, Medha Raina, Adil Moghal, Eleftheria Matsa, Andrei Rajkovic, Huseyin Kayadibi, Farbod Fazlollahi, Christopher Ryan, Nathaniel Howitz, Kym F. Faull, Beth A. Lazazzera, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases use a variety of mechanisms to ensure fidelity of the genetic code and ultimately select the correct amino acids to be used in protein synthesis. The physiological necessity of these quality control mechanisms in different environments remains unclear, as the cost vs benefit of accurate protein synthesis is difficult to predict. We show that in Escherichia coli, a non-coded amino acid produced through oxidative damage is a significant threat to the accuracy of protein synthesis and must be cleared by phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase in order to prevent cellular toxicity caused by mis-synthesized proteins. These findings demonstrate how stress …

Effectiveness Of A Football Over Helmet Padding System In Reducing Peak Acceleration Of The Head And Severity Index 2014, Nicole Cuccurullo

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if: (a) a football helmet equipped with the Guardian Cap meets the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) football helmet standards and (b) if the Severity Indexes and peak accelerations produced during the NOCSAE impact tests were smaller for a football helmet equipped with the Guardian Cap over-helmet padding system than for the same helmet without the Guardian Cap. A total of 54 drop impact tests were completed, 27 on the football helmet alone and 27 on the football helmet equipped with the Guardian Cap. Tests were completed on …

Smooth Muscle Cell Organization In The Stem Region Of The Gracilis Collateral Circulation, Amanda Krall

Biomedical Engineering

Many patients who suffer from the ischemic Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) experience intermittent claudication, which can be attributed to impaired vasodilation. Collateral vessels are the primary site of resistance to blood flow downstream; therefore maximizing vasodilation in collaterals is crucial for efficient circulation. Collaterals function as natural bypasses around the occluded arteries and the increase in flow into these vessels causes them to outwardly remodel into conduit vessels. However, functional vasodilation in the stem region of collateral vessels is impaired at day 7 following femoral ligation, which can be attributed to smooth muscle cell malfunction. However, the increase in …

Arrhythmogenic Calmodulin Mutations Disrupt Intracellular Cardiomyocyte Ca2+ Regulation By Distinct Mechanisms, Guo Yin, Faisal Hassan, Ayman R. Haroun, Lisa L. Murphy, Lia Crotti, Peter J. Schwartz, Alfred L. George, Jonathan Satin

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Calmodulin (CaM) mutations have been identified recently in subjects with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), but the mechanisms responsible for these divergent arrhythmia-susceptibility syndromes in this context are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that LQTS-associated CaM mutants disrupt Ca²⁺ homeostasis in developing cardiomyocytes possibly by affecting either late Na current or Ca²⁺-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca²⁺ current.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We coexpressed CaM mutants with the human cardiac Na channel (Na_V1.5) in tsA201 cells, and we used mammalian fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes to investigate LQTS- and CPVT-associated CaM …

Expression Of Osteoarthritis Biomarkers In Temporomandibular Joints Of Mice With And Without Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage), Elizabeth Murayama Chavez Matias

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis will be organized into three chapters discussing the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Understanding the mechanism of OA development in the TMJ helps in understanding how OA progresses and how to treat this disease. The goal of this investigation is to examine the process of cartilage degeneration and OA biomarker expression in the TMJ to understand their role in TMJ OA onset and development.Chapter one covers mechanisms that are altered in TMJ OA during disease progression. Using animal models with different stressors such as mechanical disturbances, direct injury, and …

Rapid Adaptation Of Dopamine D2 Receptor Responses In The Brain And Blood Following Acute Ethanol, Ryan J. Folsom

Theses and Dissertations

Dopamine (DA) D2 receptor expression parallels DA levels in the brain and these autoreceptors have been shown to be modulated by long-term ethanol exposure. We have previously demonstrated that ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons also express D2 autoreceptors (D2R), and that DA and D2R agonists markedly enhance the excitability of VTA GABA neurons, opposite to their well-known auto-receptor inhibition of DA neurons. Most importantly, D2R antagonists block ethanol inhibition of VTA GABA neurons and D2R expression in VTA GABA neurons down-regulates with chronic ethanol, as others have shown for whole VTA D2R expression. The aim of this study was …

Examination Of Anabolic Signaling And Muscle Growth With Caffeine Treatment In Overloaded Hindlimb Muscle And Electrically Stimulated Muscle Lacking Liver Kinase B1, Timothy Michael Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle has the ability to increase in size (hypertrophy) after resistance is placed upon it. This hypertrophy is marked by significant upregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets. The upstream kinases, protein kinase B (also known as Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are two of the many regulators of the mTOR pathway. Recent studies suggest that the widely consumed neuroactive compound caffeine could potentially inhibit mTOR by acting through Akt and/or AMPK. The purpose of this thesis was to: 1) determine if caffeine can inhibit the mTOR pathway and ultimately attenuate skeletal muscle …

Divalent Copper Compounds As Inhibitory Agents Of Influenza A, Nathan Allan Gordon

Theses and Dissertations

Influenza A virus (IAV) exhibits a high mutation frequency. Mutations in primary viral targets such as hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and the proton channel M2 have afforded IAV with substantial drug resistance to previously effective drugs such as oseltamivir and amantadine (AMT) along with their analogs. One of the main drug-resistant alterations in the M2 protein that has become ubiquitous is the mutation S31N. Divalent copper has previously been suggested to have anti-IAV properties using in vitro assays involving Xenopus oocytes and SSNMR. In this work, the EC₅₀ of AMT, two AMT analogs, CuCl₂ · 2H₂O, and four …

The Effect Of L-Citrulline And Watermelon Juice On Anaerobic And Aerobic Exercise Performance, S. Gadomski, P. Cutrufello, G. Zavorsky, C. Demkosky

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

¹Gadomski, S., ¹Cutrufello, P., ²Zavorsky G., & ¹Demkosky, C., ¹University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, ²University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

Citrulline has been proposed as an ergogenic aid because of its role in both ammonia detoxification and nitric oxide production. Watermelon juice has garnered recent media attention due to its citrulline concentration, yet no study has examined watermelon juice and exercise performance. Purpose: Determine the effects of a practical, single, pre-exercise dose of L-citrulline or watermelon juice on maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max), time to exhaustion (TE), the total maximum number of repetitions completed …

Perceptions Of Body Weight And Contributing Weight Gain Factors In British Adults, K. Fox, B. Stovall, K. Mariacher, P. Pautler, A. Hedgepeth, C. Fengl, K. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Fox, K., Stovall, B., Mariacher, K., Pautler, P., Hedgepeth, A., Fengl, C., & Smith, K. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA

Purpose: To examine the self-perception of body weight and the contributing factors of weight gain in British adults. Methods: A survey was constructed based upon previously validated questionnaires and was randomly administered to subjects in various British cities. Seventy nine subjects with a mean age of 31.92+12.03 and mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.95+4.47 participated in this study. Results: Of the 79 subjects, 52 subjects self-reported their height and weight and were classified into one of three BMI …

Phosphate Decrement In Repeated Sprint Ability, V. Dimartino, G. Schmidt, T. Carpenter, G. Campo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

DiMartino, V., Schmidt, G. (FACSM), Carpenter, T., Campo, G., William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze phosphate fatiguing and decrement (PD) patterns in university students completing a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test. Methods: Subjects were comprised of 7 women and 7 men (N=14) whose ages ranged from 23 to 41 years with a mean age of 25.7 ± 4.7 years. The average height of men was 1.79 ± 0.01 m and women was 1.59 ± 0.1 m. The average weight of men was 92.5 ± 14.7 kg, and women was 59.0 ± 8.9 …

Metabolic Demand And Nutrient Resource In Rowing Ergometer And Treadmill Exercise, E Burns, D. Burns

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Burns, E., Burns, D. DeSales University, Center Valley, PA

Purpose: Rowing ergometer exercise differs from treadmill exercise in two ways. Treadmill exercise utilizes primarily the lower extremities and is a load-bearing activity. Rowing is a seated activity and utilizes a much greater muscle mass. This study compared metabolic responses to these two exercise modes at differing submaximal intensities. Methods: Twelve healthy college-age males completed one exercise exposure on a treadmill and one on a rowing ergometer. Metabolic steady state was achieved during each stage of exercise at intensities approximating 4, 6, and 8 MET. Oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), …

The Effect Of Music Tempo On Squat Performance, J. Burket, T. Eubank, C. Reed, J. Sanders

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Burket, J., Eubank, T., Reed, C., Sanders, J. Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether music tempo affects squat performance. Methods: A total of eleven healthy college aged subjects (Age range: 18 ~ 22 yrs, Weight: 81.4±12.0 kg, Height: 1.7±0.1 m) volunteered in the study and eight subjects (one female and seven males) completed the study. After obtaining baseline measures, subjects performed heavy barbell squat exercise under three conditions. The three conditions were to perform the squat exercise with load equal to 60% of their body weight until failure while listening to fast …

Glycemic Control Following Nordic Ski Training, W.A. Braun

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Braun, W.A. (FACSM), Shippensburg University, Shippensburg PA

Purpose: To study the effects of Nordic ski training on post-exercise blood glucose (BG) clearance. Methods: Twenty-one (male = 10; female =11), competitive college Nordic skiers (age=19.14±1.3 yrs.; body fat %=14.9±6.2) completed two ski training conditions (high intensity: HI; and easy volume: VOL) and one resting control (CON) condition on separate days. At rest on the control day and upon completion of ski training, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered. BG was measured prior to the OGTT and at 20 min intervals for 80 min of passive rest. Hunger …

Effects Of A High Speed-Low-Resistance Bicycling Intervention In Parkinson’S Disease, M. Bellumori, M. Uygur, C.A. Knight

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bellumori, M., Uygur, M., Knight, C.A. University of Delaware, Newark, DE

Bradykinesia is a symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that substantially decreases mobility while contributing to increased rates of disability and health care costs. Bicycling exercise is a promising strategy that could improve mobility in PD. Purpose: To determine the effects of a six week exercise intervention that uses high speed- low-resistance (HS-LR) stationary recumbent cycling in people with PD. Methods: Pre-exercise tests assessed level of PD severity, physical function, and perceived health. These were again performed following a supervised, 6-week (12 sessions), HS-LR program. Results: Eleven participants (age 62.7 …

Characterization Of Secondhand Smoke (Shs) And Materno-Fetal Interactions In Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage)-Targeted Mice, Duane Ray Winden

Theses and Dissertations

Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are pattern recognition receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily highly expressed in the lung. Likely functions include the modulation of pulmonary inflammation during disease. However, the contributions of RAGE in the developing lung in cases where secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure occurs are unknown. In order to test the hypothesis that RAGE misexpression adversely affects lung morphogenesis, we exposed gestating dams to a controlled dose of SHS during the last four critical days of in utero lung morphogenesis. We discovered that both maternal and fetal lungs respond to SHS by up-regulating RAGE. Exposed fetuses were markedly …

Health And Well-Being Of Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy, Susan Elizabeth Sienko

Dissertations and Theses

Health is a multidimensional, holistic, concept integrating physical and mental health. In childhood, the most common cause of physical disability is Cerebral Palsy (CP). For individuals with CP, health and well-being is impacted by the complex interactions among their physical impairments, activity, participation and environmental barriers. Although CP is considered non-progressive, secondary conditions (pain and fatigue) and their functional consequences have been found to worsen as the individual with CP ages. While preliminary evidence shows that many of the physical impairments (pain, fatigue, depression) reported in adults with CP begin during late adolescence, there is little information about the role …

Reduced Amino Acid Specificity Of Mammalian Tyrosyl-Trna Synthetase Is Associated With Elevated Mistranslation Of Tyr Codons, Medha Raina, Adil Moghal, Amanda Kano, Mathew Jerums, Paul D. Schnier, Shun Luo, Rohini Deshpande, Pavel D. Bondarenko, Henry Lin, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Quality control operates at different steps in translation to limit errors to approximately one mistranslated codon per 10,000 codons during mRNA-directed protein synthesis. Recent studies have suggested that error rates may actually vary considerably during translation under different growth conditions. Here we examined the misincorporation of Phe at Tyr codons during synthesis of a recombinant antibody produced in tyrosine-limited Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Tyr to Phe replacements were previously found to occur throughout the antibody at a rate of up to 0.7% irrespective of the identity or context of the Tyr codon translated. Despite this comparatively high mistranslation rate, …

Adrenergic Signaling Regulates Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Uptake Through Pyk2-Dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation Of The Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Uniporter., Jin O-Uchi, Bong Sook Jhun, Shangcheng Xu, Stephen Hurst, Anna Raffaello, Xiaoyun Liu, Bing Yi, Huiliang Zhang, Polina Gross, Jyotsna Mishra, Alina Ainbinder, Sarah Kettlewell, Godfrey L Smith, Robert T Dirksen, Wang Wang, Rosario Rizzuto, Shey-Shing Sheu

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Abstract Aims: Mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is crucial for balancing cell survival and death. The recent discovery of the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter pore (MCU) opens new possibilities for applying genetic approaches to study mitochondrial Ca(2+) regulation in various cell types, including cardiac myocytes. Basal tyrosine phosphorylation of MCU was reported from mass spectroscopy of human and mouse tissues, but the signaling pathways that regulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) entry through posttranslational modifications of MCU are completely unknown. Therefore, we investigated α1-adrenergic-mediated signal transduction of MCU posttranslational modification and function in cardiac cells. Results: α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) signaling translocated activated proline-rich …

The Quadmill: Effects Of Eccentric Training Vs. Concentric Training On Lower Extremity Power And Anaerobic Capacity 2014., John Crosby

Master's Theses

Training focuses on the concentric action of muscle during exercise for most exercise programs, but eccentric training may yield greater results. The Quadmill^TM is a unique piece of training equipment that focuses on training the quadriceps muscle eccentrically. Purpose: to determine if using the Quadmill^TM could increase power and anaerobic capacity to the same level, if not greater, than a standard concentric focused lower body training protocol. Participants were 44 undergraduate college students (24 Male 20 Female) Design: participants placed into three equal groups (Quadmill^TM, Lifting, Control). The two experimental groups (Quadmill^TM and Lifting) underwent …

Physical Activity And Nutritional Behavior Of Overweight College Students Trying To Lose Weight 2014, Santino Vallejos M.S.

Master's Theses

Although there are numerous benefits to increased physical activity and proper dietary behaviors, the decreased participation in physical activity and poor dietary behaviors has emerged as a significant problem within the college student population. The focus of this research study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and dietary behavior to weight loss behaviors within an undergraduate student sample of a small, comprehensive northeastern university. College-aged students (age range: 17 to 27 years old) completed the American College Health Association’s (ACHA) National College Health Assessment II (NCHA) during the years 2009 and 2012. According to the results, there were …

Phthalates And Phthalate Alternatives: Effects On Proliferative And Estrogenic Target Genes In Ishikawa Cells, Ranjani Sundar '15, Ping Yin, Serdar E. Bulun

Student Publications & Research

Phthalates are used as plasticizers in many of the products found in medical, household, and industrial applications. Much research has not been completed on the effects of these phthalates as potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). As these chemicals are ingested, the mechanism by which they affect the reproductive system is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to observe how 2 phthalates, Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and Diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and 2 phthalate alternatives, Dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene)affect uterine cells in comparison to a vehicle treatment and 17β-Estradiol treatment. Changes in expression of mRNA were observed using …