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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Physiology
Calcium Signaling And Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase Ii Activity In Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition, Melissa Ann Mcneil
Calcium Signaling And Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase Ii Activity In Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition, Melissa Ann Mcneil
Theses and Dissertations
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in embryonic development, tissue repair, inflammation, and cancer. During EMT, epithelial cells disassemble cell-cell adhesions, lose apicobasal polarity, and initiate migratory and invasive processes that allow individual cells to colonize distant sites. It is the means by which non-invasive tumors progress into malignant, metastatic carcinomas. In vitro, EMT occurs in two steps. First, cells spread out, increasing in surface area and pushing the colony borders out. Then cells contract, pulling away from neighboring cells and rupturing cell-cell junctions, resulting in individual highly migratory cells. Recent discoveries indicate that calcium signaling is …
Third Ventricle Width As A Metric For Fast And Efficient Detection Of Atrophy In Traumatic Brain Injury, Christopher Scott Finuf
Third Ventricle Width As A Metric For Fast And Efficient Detection Of Atrophy In Traumatic Brain Injury, Christopher Scott Finuf
Theses and Dissertations
In an average year more than 1.7 million people will experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States. It is known that atrophy occurs across a spectrum for TBI patients, ranging from mild to severe. Current conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are inconsistent in detecting this atrophy on the milder end of the spectrum. Also more contemporary imaging tools, although efficient, are too time consuming for clinical applicability. It is for these reasons that a quick and efficient measurement for detecting this atrophy is needed by clinicians. The measuring of third ventricle width had the potential to …
The Anatomy Of Porcine And Human Larynges: Structural Analysis And High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve, Nena Lundgreen Mason
The Anatomy Of Porcine And Human Larynges: Structural Analysis And High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve, Nena Lundgreen Mason
Theses and Dissertations
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) innervates all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx that are responsible for human vocalization and language. The RLN runs along the tracheoesophageal groove bilaterally and is often accidentally damaged or transected during head and neck surgical procedures. RLN palsy and vocal cord paralysis are the most common and serious post op complications of thyroid surgeries. Patients who suffer from RLN injury can develop unilateral or bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP). Theoretically, selective reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle would be the best treatment for BVFP. The phrenic nerve has been shown in several studies to …
The Effects Of 830nm Light On Inflammation In Retinitis Pigmentosa, Krystal Marie Bach
The Effects Of 830nm Light On Inflammation In Retinitis Pigmentosa, Krystal Marie Bach
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal degenerative disease and the most common cause of blindness in developed countries, affecting approximately 1 in 4,000 people. RP is characterized by photoreceptor cell death and recent studies suggest that chronic inflammation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of RP. Currently, there are no known treatments or preventive measures to delay or halt the loss of photoreceptor cells. Photobiomodulation (PBM) by light in the far-red or near-infrared (NIR) range of the light spectrum has been documented to help promote cell survival and reduce inflammation in several disease states. Recent studies …
Hmgb1 And Ceramides: Potential Mediators Of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction, Mikayla Orton Thatcher
Hmgb1 And Ceramides: Potential Mediators Of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction, Mikayla Orton Thatcher
Theses and Dissertations
While cigarette smoking is a common-knowledge way to stay lean, it has long been known as a risk factor for diabetes and obesity. Here we establish that smoking causes fat gain and metabolic disruption in mice, effects which are exacerbated by a high-fat, high-sugar diet. We found that smoke exposure increases levels of ceramide—the lipid responsible for diet-induced insulin resistance—and that blocking ceramide production with the pharmacological inhibitor myriocin restored insulin sensitivity, stopped weight gain, and rescued mitochondrial respiration in vivo and in vitro.We also sought to assess the impact of the RAGE ligand HMGB1 on skeletal muscle metabolism. We …
Differential Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) Expression In Preeclampsia, Intrauterine Growth Restriction And Gestational Diabetes, Kristen Lena Alexander
Differential Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) Expression In Preeclampsia, Intrauterine Growth Restriction And Gestational Diabetes, Kristen Lena Alexander
Theses and Dissertations
Preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes (GDM) increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The roles of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are already well documented concerning inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. AGEs bind to its receptor, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE), and activate an inflammatory pathway. This pathway alters the efficacy of invasive trophoblast cells and in the placenta and can result in placental dysfunction. We hypothesized that the placental dysfunction found in PE, IUGR, and GDM resulted from an over activation of the RAGE-mediated inflammatory pathway. Using human placental samples, we found …
The Effects Of Inhibiting Wnt Secretion And Activity On Cranial And Neural Development, Julie Louise Hulet
The Effects Of Inhibiting Wnt Secretion And Activity On Cranial And Neural Development, Julie Louise Hulet
Theses and Dissertations
Wnt signaling has been shown to have several roles in the development of sensory neurons, particularly in the ophthalmic portion of the trigeminal nerve. Many of these studies have relied on the conclusion that Wnt is necessary but not sufficient for the induction and maintenance of the neural precursor cells that develop in the ophthalmic placode. Wnt had been inhibited in the ophthalmic placode using a dominant negative t-cell factor (TCF) and resulted in the loss of Pax3 expression (indicative of undifferentiated placode cells) in all targeted cells, suggesting a loss of specification/commitment of these cells to the sensory neuron …
Cigarette Smoke Increases Cardiomyocyte Ceramide Accumulation And Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration, Trevor Stanley Tippetts
Cigarette Smoke Increases Cardiomyocyte Ceramide Accumulation And Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration, Trevor Stanley Tippetts
Theses and Dissertations
Cigarette smoking is a common and lethal worldwide habit, with considerable mortality stemming from its deleterious effects on heart function. While current theories posit altered blood lipids and fibrinogen metabolism as likely mediators, none have explored the role of the sphingolipid ceramide in exacerbating heart function with smoke exposure. Ceramide production is a consequence of cigarette smoke in the lung, and considering ceramide's harmful effects on mitochondrial function, we sought to elucidate the role of ceramide in mediating smoke-induced altered heart mitochondrial respiration. Lung cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract and heart cells were exposed to the lung-cell conditioned …
Effects Of The Developmental Environment On Oxidative Damage And Antioxidants In Red-Eared Slider Turtle ( Trachemys Scripta Elegans ) Hatchlings, Lisa Allison Treidel
Effects Of The Developmental Environment On Oxidative Damage And Antioxidants In Red-Eared Slider Turtle ( Trachemys Scripta Elegans ) Hatchlings, Lisa Allison Treidel
Theses and Dissertations
Developmental environments influence many individual phenotypes. However, currently we have a limited understanding of how the developmental environment influences oxidative stress resistance phenotypes. Oxidative stress is defined as a physiological state during which the production of harmful free radicals exceeds the protective capabilities of antioxidants. Variations among adults in susceptibility to oxidative stress can have important consequences for life history strategies and fitness related traits. Our work was aimed at providing insight in to the role that the developmental environment plays on oxidative stress phenotypes in the model oviparous reptile the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). Here, we conducted …
The Role Of Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) And Ceramide In Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Bruce Nelson
The Role Of Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) And Ceramide In Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Bruce Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The role of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is already well-established in numerous comorbidities including cardiomyopathy. Given the role of AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, in activating inflammatory pathways, we sought to determine whether ceramides could be a mediator of RAGE-induced altered heart mitochondrial function. Using an in vitro model, we treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes with carboxy-methyl lysine-BSA, followed by mitochondrial respiration assessment. We found that mitochondrial respiration was significantly impaired in AGE-treated cells, but not when co-treated with myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo …
The Biology Of Claudin 6 (Cldn6) In The Developing Mouse Lung, Felix Ruben Jimenez Rondan
The Biology Of Claudin 6 (Cldn6) In The Developing Mouse Lung, Felix Ruben Jimenez Rondan
Theses and Dissertations
The tight junctions (TJ), which are located in the apical region between epithelial and endothelial cells, regulate the paracellular diffusion of ions and small molecules and play an important role in maintaining cell polarity, cell-cell integrity, and permeability. In the lung, epithelial cells are attached by TJ structures. They provide a permeable barrier and cell communication. The loss of barrier integrity, which is maintained by the expression of claudins (Cldn), results in cellular permibilization and leads to paracellular diffusion of solutes and harmful molecules. There are 27 known Cldn homologous members in mice and human. Cldn6 is mostly expressed in …
Mitochondrial Therapeutics During Ischemia-Reperfusion; Modulation Of Complex I: Effect Of Metformin., Shawn Y. Sunu
Mitochondrial Therapeutics During Ischemia-Reperfusion; Modulation Of Complex I: Effect Of Metformin., Shawn Y. Sunu
Theses and Dissertations
The modulation of the electron transport during ischemia-reperfusion has been shown to be protective. We hypothesized that metformin, a Complex I inhibitor, may exhibit characteristics of a pharmacological agent that could achieve long-term therapeutic intervention against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mitochondria were harvested from adult male mice and incubated with or without metformin at 30oC for 15 minutes, while being shaken at 300 rpm. Metformin decreased Complex I oxidative phosphorylation and Complex I activity. However, metformin also increased injury and decreased the maximum membrane potential. Even though there was a decrease in maximum membrane potential, the proton motive force (PMF) …
Characterization Of Mechanism Of Action Of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2s) In The Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Function, Ancy D. Nalli
Characterization Of Mechanism Of Action Of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2s) In The Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Function, Ancy D. Nalli
Theses and Dissertations
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is receiving increasing interest, as much as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide have received previously, to understand its physiological functions as it meets all the criteria to define as a third gasotransmitter. Endogenous synthesis from L-cysteine via cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and the function of H2S as an inhibitor of smooth muscle contraction in gastrointestinal tract are known. However, the loci of generation and action of H2S, and the mechanism of inhibition of contraction are unknown. Hence, my aims in the present study are to: i) identify the expression …
Novel Drug 2-Benzoyl-3-Phenyl 6,7-Dichloroquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide Induces Colon Cancer Cell Apoptosis Through Hif-1Α Pathway, Alexander-Jacques Theodore Sougiannis
Novel Drug 2-Benzoyl-3-Phenyl 6,7-Dichloroquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide Induces Colon Cancer Cell Apoptosis Through Hif-1Α Pathway, Alexander-Jacques Theodore Sougiannis
Theses and Dissertations
Recent developments in the field of cancer genomics have shown transcription factor HIF-1α as a major player in the survival and proliferation of colorectal tumors. Hypoxia targeted drug engineering has led to significant advancements in cancer treatments as a method of directly utilizing the hypoxic regions against the tumor. Novel drug DCQ (2-benzoyl-3-phenyl 6,7-dichloroquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide) has shown promising anti-tumor results in-vitro and in-vivo. The purpose of this study was to utilize a tumor xenograft and genetic mouse model of colorectal cancer to investigate the safety, clinical effectiveness, and mechanism of action of DCQ. Methods: 10 week old Balb/c mice were …
Adiponectin And Selenium Rich Diet Can Act As A Complimentary Medicine In The Treatment Of Intestinal And Chronic Inflammation Induced Colon Cancer, Arpit Saxena
Theses and Dissertations
Colon cancer is the second largest cause of cancer death in United States. Chronic inflammation and obesity predispose patients to colon cancer. Adipose tissue is a source of bioactive substances called adipokines. Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine has anti-inflammatory property and found at lower levels in obese patients. Selenium (Se), a trace mineral and a dietary supplement, is inversely associated with cancer risk and possess anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. The overall purpose of this dissertation is to determine if chronic inflammation leading to colon and intestinal cancer are regulated by APN or Se rich diet or both. The working hypothesis is …
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Fatness Effect On Submaximal Systolic Blood Pressure And Cardiovascular Prognosis Among Young Adults, Vivek Kumar Prasad
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Fatness Effect On Submaximal Systolic Blood Pressure And Cardiovascular Prognosis Among Young Adults, Vivek Kumar Prasad
Theses and Dissertations
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs) are known to be the leading cause of death globally, as CVDs account for the highest rate of mortality compared to any other causes. The mortality from CVDs, is projected to increase to nearly 23.3 million by 2030. Mortality number due to CVD in the United States is 600,000 per year, thus representing nearly 1 in every 4 deaths. Exercise blood pressure (BP) is an important marker of CV events that are associated with incident CV morbidity and mortality among individuals with or without any CVD at present. Elevated exercise BP among individuals with normal resting …