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Articles 91 - 120 of 244
Full-Text Articles in Physiology
Meg Final Report, Jeff Edwards, John Smith
Meg Final Report, Jeff Edwards, John Smith
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The objectives of this award were met, especially in regard to the mentoring focus of the award. The students have been mentored and trained in an effective manner as outlined in my Mentoring Plan (see below). This includes mentoring students in research, writing, publishing, presenting at conferences, acceptance to professional schools, etc. Indeed, all the students graduating from my lab during this time were accepted to the professional school of their choice (see students listed below). Research, especially where the students are actually involved in all aspects of it including data collection and analysis, as well as publishing can play …
Role Of Primary Cilia In Osteoarthritis, David Kooyman
Role Of Primary Cilia In Osteoarthritis, David Kooyman
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Mentoring in my lab in 2012 has led to both tangible and intangible results. The tangible results for this year include two posters presented at an international meeting by undergraduate students, ORCA grants received by two students, international recognition by a team of undergraduate students, two papers published, three papers in preparation to be submitted within 30 days. The intangible results come as students return from interviews to medical and dental schools with stories of how confident they felt talking about their research. They also come in the form of the excitement I see in students when they talk about …
Ampk Activation In Aged Skeletal Muscle After Muscle Contraction, David M. Thomson
Ampk Activation In Aged Skeletal Muscle After Muscle Contraction, David M. Thomson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this mentoring environment grant was to determine the effect of aging on skeletal muscle AMPK intracellular localization and activation by muscle contraction. Funding for the project is now completed. The primary research objectives and findings are listed below:
Effects Of Prematurity On The Presence Of Weibel-Palade Bodies In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells In Situ, Niloufar Tabatabeai, Dr. John S. Gardner
Effects Of Prematurity On The Presence Of Weibel-Palade Bodies In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells In Situ, Niloufar Tabatabeai, Dr. John S. Gardner
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Newbom, premature infants have greater susceptibility to infection compared to older newborn infants. Although the reason for greater susceptibility to bacterial infection in premature infants is unknown, there are many reports that focus on neutrophils as the defective cell type in the immature neonatal system. However, it was recently reported by Lorant et al. that in a rat model of inflammation, neutrophils from adult rats failed to migrate efficiently in neonatal rats.’ Furthermore, we found that this defect was associated with decreased expression of Pselectin on the surface of neonatal endothelial cells in situ.
Regulation Of The Transcription Factor Creb In Skeletal Muscle After Exercise, David M. Thomson
Regulation Of The Transcription Factor Creb In Skeletal Muscle After Exercise, David M. Thomson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
My laboratory is running quite smoothly now. The students in the laboratory are proficient in performing experiments, obtaining data and interpreting it. My first undergraduate students have recently graduated, and I now have a nice array of experienced and newer inexperienced students, so the work is moving forward steadily, both in terms of productivity and of student training. I enjoy seeing students come into the lab with essentially no knowledge of laboratory techniques and the particular physiological topics that we study, and within a couple of months gaining enough knowledge to contribute to an intellectual discussion of the principles we …
The Role Of Interleukin-6, C-Fos And C-Jun In Adrenal Secretion, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan M. Judd
The Role Of Interleukin-6, C-Fos And C-Jun In Adrenal Secretion, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan M. Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The secretions of the adrenal gland are responsible for the body’s response to stress. One of the major mechanisms by which these secretions are regulated is by the way of the hypothalamuspituitary- adrenal axis (HPA axis). However, it was suspected that other mechanisms exist that are utilized by the body in order to up or down regulate adrenal secretions. One adrenal secretion, cortisol, is of special interest due to its great abundance and various effects in the body. Cortisol levels are generally regulated by ACTH, which is released by the pituitary. However, it was also shown to be increased by …
Does Respiratory Response At Altitude Lead To A Variation In Blood Oxygen Concentrations Among Individuals, Robert Adams, Dr. Robert Conlee
Does Respiratory Response At Altitude Lead To A Variation In Blood Oxygen Concentrations Among Individuals, Robert Adams, Dr. Robert Conlee
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Oxygen is the essential element in the air we breathe. The concentration of oxygen is constant in the atmosphere at approximately 21%. However barometric pressure is not constant throughout the atmosphere. The barometric pressure measures the amount of pressure the particles in the atmosphere exert and varies depending on altitude and weather. At sea level the barometric pressure is 760mmHg. The oxygen molecules accessible for respiration exert 21% of that pressure. The pressure of these oxygen molecules is 160mmHg and is referred to as the partial pressure of oxygen. As the altitude increases the total barometric pressure decreases from 760mmHg …
Modeling Dipyrenylpropane, Steven Bray, David Busath
Modeling Dipyrenylpropane, Steven Bray, David Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane(hereinafter dipyrenylpropane) has proven very useful as a fluorescence probe in determining fluidity and monitoring phase transitions in biological membrane systems.1 By virtue of its structure, dipyrenylpropane may fluoresce light in an excimer or a monomer configuration. Each configuration fluoresces light at a different wavelength, thus allowing us to monitor the excimer-to-monomer intensity ratio. The excimer form occurs when, as the light is absorbed, the pyrene branches come within close proximity, transferring energy and fluorescing light back at a different wavelength.2 The monomer configuration is defined by the lack of energy transfer and a consistent fluorescence wavelength. Therefore, as membrane …
Phylogeny Of Siphonaptera In Relation To Mecoptera And The Snow Fleas Using Molecular Data From The Mitochondrial Gene Cytochrome Oxidase Ii, Sonia Bake, Dr. Michael Whiting
Phylogeny Of Siphonaptera In Relation To Mecoptera And The Snow Fleas Using Molecular Data From The Mitochondrial Gene Cytochrome Oxidase Ii, Sonia Bake, Dr. Michael Whiting
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The intent of this study is to determine the phylogeny of the order Siphonaptera (fleas) and their relationship to the order Mecoptera (scorpion flies) including the Boreidae family (snow fleas) which have traditionally been placed with the scorpion flies. A study is being conducted using molecular data from several genes and morphology to design a more accurate phylogeny for these orders. This study uses the data from a single gene, cytochrome oxidase II or COII, to create a tree for several species from these orders.
Androgen Regulation Of Calbindin-D28k In Rat Hypothalamic Tissue During Prenatal Development, Melanie A. Watson, Dr. Edwin Lephart
Androgen Regulation Of Calbindin-D28k In Rat Hypothalamic Tissue During Prenatal Development, Melanie A. Watson, Dr. Edwin Lephart
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Calbindin-D28K is a calcium-binding protein that serves a potentially important role in both the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies indicate the dimorphic expressions of calbindin within the medial basal hypothalamus (N4BH), supporting its putative importance in the neurogenesis of sexually dimorphic brain structures.2 Another primary action of this protein is to buffer intracellular calcium levels, thus functioning as a neuroprotective mechanism against pre-mature apoptosis. Regulation of calbindin is reported to be, in part, stimulated by glucocorticoids in response to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal stress axis.3 Evidence also exists for the potential regulation of calcium-binding …
Rapd Analysis Of Three Breeding Lines In Horses, Gregory B. Tilton, Dr. Robert L. Park, Jerran Flinders
Rapd Analysis Of Three Breeding Lines In Horses, Gregory B. Tilton, Dr. Robert L. Park, Jerran Flinders
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The focus of this project was two-fold. First, to test whether RAPDS, a genetic marker finding technique, could be used to find markers in three separate sire/offspring groups of horses. Second, to determine whether we could use RAPDs to produce a similarity index indicating how genetically related the different groups were to each other, a process that may be valuable in a future genetic study of horse gait. We used the DNA from three horse sires and seven of their offspring, giving a total of twenty-four different horses. The individuals, all of which are registered Missouri Foxtrotters, are located on …
A Col2a1 Mutation Leads To Increased Degradation Of Type Ii Collagen In Articular Cartilage: A Murine Model For Osteoarthritis, Peter Crane, Dr. Robert Seegmiller
A Col2a1 Mutation Leads To Increased Degradation Of Type Ii Collagen In Articular Cartilage: A Murine Model For Osteoarthritis, Peter Crane, Dr. Robert Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Normal articular cartilage is characterized by a resilient collagen and proteoglycan matrix interdispersed with chondrocytes. Collagen type II is the most abundant collagen found in the matrix and is responsible for providing tensile strength to the tissue. The highly conserved Col2a1 gene is responsible for coding all type II collagen á-helix chains.1 The process of enzymatic MMP cleavage is a natural part of collagen recycling, but has been observed to be upregulated in articular cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. It is hypothesized that further denaturation (unwinding) of enzymatically cleaved collagen takes place following enzymatic cleavage by MMP. Because increased degraded …
The Possible Role Of Brain Angiotensin Ii In The Reduced Growth Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Daniel R. Jensen, Dr. James P. Porter
The Possible Role Of Brain Angiotensin Ii In The Reduced Growth Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Daniel R. Jensen, Dr. James P. Porter
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The “Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat” strain (SHR) was bred to be innately hypertensive. This hypertension arises in part from over-activity of the brain Renin-Angiotensin system.1 Interestingly, the mean body weight of SHR is significantly reduced compared with the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto strain from which it originates. There are indications that high levels of exogenous Angiotensin II (ANG II) introduced in the brains of normotensive rats inhibit weight gain, and in some cases promote weight loss and/or wasting.2 The mechanism of this effect is not clearly understood, though some studies have shown that high levels of exogenous ANG II can induce anorexia or …
Does Camkii Regulate Exocytosis Through Its Binding To Syntaxin?, Stephen M. Merino, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Does Camkii Regulate Exocytosis Through Its Binding To Syntaxin?, Stephen M. Merino, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Neurons use chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to communicate with muscles and other neurons. In the axon terminal of a neuron, neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitter is released from the neuron through a process called exocytosis. In exocytosis, synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and neurotransmitter is released from the cell. During exocytosis, important proteins in both the synaptic vesicle membrane and cell membrane called SNARE proteins bind to one another. These proteins are required for exocytosis. Exocytosis and subsequent neurotransmitter release is regulated by Ca2+. The mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates exocytosis is poorly understood.
Creating Nutritionist Software To Aid A Poor Community In Northeastern Brazil, Jacob D. Durrant, David D. Busath
Creating Nutritionist Software To Aid A Poor Community In Northeastern Brazil, Jacob D. Durrant, David D. Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Virgem dos Pobres is an impoverished community on the banks of lake Mundaú in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. Its dirt roads are lined with houses made of mud and plaster, and sewage is disposed of by means of an open canal that runs through the community’s center. The neighborhood’s population is afflicted with many of the diseases common to extreme poverty: bacterial infections like impetigo, malnourishment, measles, mumps, etc. It was a great privilege to be able to work in some small way to help these wonderful people.
The Luteolytic Potential Of Reduced Doses Of Prostaglandin Administered In The Ischiorectal Fossa (Irf), Jacob Brinkerhoff, Dr. Roy Silcox
The Luteolytic Potential Of Reduced Doses Of Prostaglandin Administered In The Ischiorectal Fossa (Irf), Jacob Brinkerhoff, Dr. Roy Silcox
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the past few years of my education at BYU, I have had the opportunity to study and learn about the dairy industry and what types of management programs are in place to help ensure higher production and lower costs. One of the most important and beneficial reproductive management techniques used on modern dairies is called induced luteolysis or induced destruction of a corpus luteum. This management practice, which can optimize reproductive performance in cattle, involves administration of a hormone called prostaglandin F2µ (PGF).
Botox Cleavage Of Snare Proteins That Are Bound Together In Vitro, Josepp D. Walch, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Botox Cleavage Of Snare Proteins That Are Bound Together In Vitro, Josepp D. Walch, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
I finished my project last July (2005) just before Dr. Woodbury left for Germany to present his recent work at a few of the academic institutions of Europe. The project commenced in February of 2004.
Snare Regulation, Deborah Adams, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Snare Regulation, Deborah Adams, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
SNARE proteins are involved in transporting molecules within our cells, but their mechanism of action is not well known (Figure 1). It is established that SNARE proteins aid in the process of vesicles docking at target membranes. When neuronal cells are excited calcium enters the cell and the docked vesicles fuse to the target membrane releasing their contents into the intercellular space called the synapse. It is not exactly known by what method calcium induces membrane fusion but it has been shown that syntaxin and synaptobrevin, or VAMP, are minimal machinery for membrane fusion (1).
Understanding The Pathway Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Using Bioluminescence, Andrew Miner, Dr. Allen Judd
Understanding The Pathway Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Using Bioluminescence, Andrew Miner, Dr. Allen Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) is a protein involved in the genesis of cortisol, testosterone, estrogen and other steroids. In fact, it is the rate-limiting step in the process of steroidogenesis. StAR is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the outside of the mitochondrial matrix to the inside, where it undergoes chemical processes that turn it into the steroids listed above. The body is thought to increase the amount of StAR in mitochondrial membranes when it receives certain signals in order to create more steroids. My topic involves the mechanism for this upregulation.
The Effects During Embryogenesis And Tumorigenesis Of Dominant-Active Beta Catenin In Wnt Signaling, Melissa Schmidt, Dr. Jeffery Richard Barrow
The Effects During Embryogenesis And Tumorigenesis Of Dominant-Active Beta Catenin In Wnt Signaling, Melissa Schmidt, Dr. Jeffery Richard Barrow
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cell communication is crucial in multiceullar organisms. Cells have therefore devised signaling pathways for intracellular communication. One of these is the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling plays an important role in cell fate decisions during embryogenesis. In the adult, Wnt signaling has been hypothesized to be essential in the maintenance of adult gut, blood, and skin tissues. Interestingly, aberrant Wnt signaling has been found to be the primary defect in all colon cancers and to be the cause of other tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Measurement Of Proton Flux Through Influenza A Viral Protein M2, J. Craig Moffat, Matthew A. D'Haenens, David D. Busath, Dr. Dixon J. Woodbury
Measurement Of Proton Flux Through Influenza A Viral Protein M2, J. Craig Moffat, Matthew A. D'Haenens, David D. Busath, Dr. Dixon J. Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Influenza A viral protein M2 is known to conduct protons across viral, Golgi, and cell membranes. M2 allows acidification of the interior of the virion thus facilitating viral RNA uncoating. In the active form, M2 is a homotetramer. Each subunit consists of 97 amino acid residues with only one membrane-spanning region of 19 residues. The ion channel activity of M2 has been studied at physiological pH in cellular systems. It is also known that the channel is sensitive to the anti-influenza drug amantadine. Understanding M2 activity at pH 7 will give us greater knowledge of viral function, pharmacological sensitivities, …
Vesicle Fusion: A Size Dependant Factor? The Role Of Ultrasound In Manipulating Vesicle Size, Eric Richardson, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Vesicle Fusion: A Size Dependant Factor? The Role Of Ultrasound In Manipulating Vesicle Size, Eric Richardson, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Vesicles are microscopic spherical capsules that have many important applications in both medicine and biology. They are the cell’s primary vehicles for transporting proteins and other chemicals to and from organelles. In the last half century, artificial vesicles (AVs) have been manufactured to explore many biological mechanisms. More recently, AVs have been used as a drug-delivery tool on a microscopic level. This is a promising technique to fight life-threatening diseases such as cancer.
Determining Treatment Of Children Suffering From Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Mary Ann Zarkou, Dr. Bruce Woolley
Determining Treatment Of Children Suffering From Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Mary Ann Zarkou, Dr. Bruce Woolley
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Severe malnutrition is one of the most devastating health problems in the world, particularly in developing countries. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent types of malnutrition, and is divided into three major types: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. These diseases in children cause stunted growth, many physiological problems, and lead to increased risk for developing chronic diseases and increased morbidity rates. No effective treatment has been discovered.
Developing A New Fluctuating-Charge Force Field For Charmm, Soren Harward, David Busath
Developing A New Fluctuating-Charge Force Field For Charmm, Soren Harward, David Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Molecular Dynamics (hereafter abbreviated MD) is a method of simulating on a computer the behavior of molecules. For over twenty years, it had been a valuable tool that has allowed chemists and physicists to observe chemical interactions that would are difficult or impossible to measure with standard laboratory equipment. The rapid growth of computing power has made feasible simulations of larger and larger systems, so that now biologists can use MD to study the complex chemistry of living organisms.
Erythrocyte Shape Change And Vesicle Release With Methyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin, Jeremy Fairbourn, Dr. John Bell
Erythrocyte Shape Change And Vesicle Release With Methyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin, Jeremy Fairbourn, Dr. John Bell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The study of membrane properties has direct applications in many branches of science. These properties influence the shape and behavior of the cell. With respect to erythrocytes, the membrane becomes susceptible to the action of secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) following treatment with ionophores such as ionomycin. The changes produced by ionomycin are experimental analogs to occurrences in the body. The normal actions of the immune system and metabolism cause changes to the cells such that apoptosis is eventually the endpoint of the cell.
Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Selectivity And Permeability Of Ammonium Ions At Varying Ph, Jared Kevin Pearson, David D. Busath
Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Selectivity And Permeability Of Ammonium Ions At Varying Ph, Jared Kevin Pearson, David D. Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The M2 protein inside the Influenza A virus capsid is vital to the virus’ replication. When the virus enters a cell, the M2 protein forms ion channels that allow the viral RNA to dissociate from stabilizing proteins, enter the host cell nucleus, and replicate. Blocking the formation of these ion channels, or disabling M2 protein ion transport therefore is an important area of research; inactivating the channel will prevent Influenza A replication.
The Effects Of Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, And Tumor Necrosis Factor On Aldosterone Release From The Bovine Adrenal Cortex, Todd A. Richards, Dr. Allan M. Judd
The Effects Of Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, And Tumor Necrosis Factor On Aldosterone Release From The Bovine Adrenal Cortex, Todd A. Richards, Dr. Allan M. Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The adrenal is an endocrine gland that is important for the release of steroid hormones and cathecholamines. The adrenal gland is closely associated with the immune system. This association is closely linked by the release of cytokines. Cytokines are a diverse group of proteins first isolated within the immune system but have now been identified in numerous tissues, including those of the endocrine system. The principle cytokines affecting the adrenal gland are interleukin-1 (IL-alpha and IL-beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These cytokines can regulate adrenal function, particularly during increased stress and disease, and because they are produced …
Degeneration Of Articular Cartilage In The Temporomandibluar Joint Of Mice With Disproportionate Micromelia (Dmm), Robert R. Seegmiller
Degeneration Of Articular Cartilage In The Temporomandibluar Joint Of Mice With Disproportionate Micromelia (Dmm), Robert R. Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease affecting humans today. This disease leads to premature degradation of articular cartilage in joints, such as the knee, and it can be caused by mutations in collagen coding genes. Collagen is the basic building block of cartilage, so any mutations would affect the response of collagen to outside factors.
Type Iia Procollagen – Osteoarthritis Biomarker In Dmm Mice, John Mcallister, Kenneth Merrell, Dr. Robert E. Seegmiller
Type Iia Procollagen – Osteoarthritis Biomarker In Dmm Mice, John Mcallister, Kenneth Merrell, Dr. Robert E. Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Arthritis is a painful, debilitating disease that affects sixty-six million Americans (The Arthritis Foundation 2005). Osteoarthritis (OA), results in joint degeneration caused by cartilage erosion and synovial inflammation. While the causes of OA remain unclear, current evidence suggests that both mechanical and biochemical factors can initiate OA. Ethical and practical issues limiting the availability of human tissue in OA research necessitate the use of animal models. Mice with the disproportionate micromelia mutation (Dmm) exhibit histological characteristics similar to those of humans with OA. Use of Dmm as a model of OA may lead a discovery of a common mechanism associated …
Does Addition Of The Snare Protein Snap-25 To Syntaxin 1a Enhance Fusion Rates Of Modified Synaptic Vesicles In A System Containing The Minimum Vesicle Fusion Machinery?, Jeremy Curtis, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Does Addition Of The Snare Protein Snap-25 To Syntaxin 1a Enhance Fusion Rates Of Modified Synaptic Vesicles In A System Containing The Minimum Vesicle Fusion Machinery?, Jeremy Curtis, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The original intent of my project was to compare the fusion rates of synaptic vesicles to a syntaxin artificial membrane with and without SNAP-25. Recent research has shown that modified synaptic vesicles may fuse to a syntaxin-only bilayer . Prior to this, the major dogma of the SNARE-induced hypothesis of vesicle fusion has included SNAP-25 as a necessary component.