Physiology Commons^™

The Relationship Of Metabolic Syndrome And Aerobic Exercise In Adult Male Fire Fighters, Kady E. Allender, Steven E. Martin, Nic P. Greene, Brad S. Lambert, John S. Green, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies have concluded that incidence of Metabolic Syndrome may be greater in male firefighters than in the US male population. A recent study reported that approximately 31% of firefighters were positive for Metabolic Syndrome; compared to 24% for the U.S. male population (NCEPIII). Participation in aerobic exercise may decrease the risk of Metabolic Syndrome as cardiac risk factors are improved. This study aims to determine the effect of aerobic exercise participation on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a sample of male firefighters. Purpose: To examine the effect of aerobic exercise participation on the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in …

The Effects Of Endurance Training And Short-Term High Intensity Sprint Training On Performance And Endurance Related Variables In Well-Trained Endurance Cyclists, Jessica L. Goulder, Marissa G. Spitz, Kara N. Weaver, Kelyn S. Rola, Joel B. Mitchell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Recent research has suggested supramaximal training can be an effective means of improving endurance performance; however ultra high intensity training (UHIT) has not been examined as a replacement of training volume in a well-trained endurance population. Overuse-related injuries, recurring illness, feelings of staleness, and overtraining that are often associated with high volume training may be avoided with low volume, UHIT training. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two weeks of low volume UHIT with two weeks of traditional HV endurance training on lactate threshold (LT), VO2max, steady state efficiency, substrate utilization rates, and …

Relationship Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Whole Body Bone Mineral Density, Human Growth Hormone, And Leptin In Women, Benjamin A. Ramirez, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The benefits of structured exercise on bone health have been well documented. However, less understood is the influence of leisure-time physical activity (LA) on BMD. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between LA, whole body BMD, and serum levels of human growth hormone (HGH) and leptin. METHODS: One hundred two apparently healthy, premenopausal women (Mean ± SD Age: 43.1 ± 4.5 y; BMI: 26.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2; body fat: 41.6 ± 7.9 %) participated in the study. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was quantified as total minutes of moderate to vigorous activity and then participants were …

A Comparison Of Adaptations Via Either A Linear Periodization Or An Undulating Periodization Model Of Weight Training, Morgan Lewing, Colin Wilborn, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Resistance training has been proven to have a positive impact on parameters such as muscular strength, hypertrophy and endurance. Periodization is a progressive mode of training that has been shown to illicit greater results than programs that stay consistent throughout. The two prime modes of periodization are linear (LP), which progresses from high volume/low intensity to low volume/high intensity, and undulating (UP) which follows an oscillating volume/intensity design. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 12 week linear program to those from an undulating program on strength and body composition when both programs reflect …

Partial Weightbearing At 1/6 And 1/3 G Does Not Prevent Deleterious Changes In Bone Observed With Traditional Tail Suspension (0 G), Sarah Luna, Josh Swift, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, M Lucas, Florence Lima, Liz Greene, Harry Hogan, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effect of partial gravity (G) (as on the Lunar surface) on weight bearing bone remains undefined; a new model (the partial G mouse) provides for graded reductions in weight bearing. We hypothesized that mice exposed to 1/6th G and 1/3rd G (to mimic Lunar weightbearing with full spacesuit) will experience significant reductions in cortical and cancellous bone mass as compared to ambulatory control animals but that the magnitude of these changes would be less than in 0 G mice. Methods: Fifty-eight BALB/cBy female mice were randomly assigned to cage control (1G), “zero-gravity” hindlimb unloaded (0G), 1/6th gravity (G/6), or …

Identifying Central Patterns Of Motor Control In Pathological Gait, John S. Ward

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The central pattern generator (CPG) for walking is an open loop system that drives lower limb movements in a relatively rhythmic fashion once motion has started with minimal need for additional afferent input. The role of the CPG in the pathological gait of Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (ISCI) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has not been studied thoroughly. Understanding how the CPG contributes to motor control in these special populations will serve as a standard upon which to compare new treatments to improve gait function. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of CPG patterns in individuals …

The Impact Of Latent Herpesvirus Infections On The Mobilization Of Recent Thymic Emigrants And Extrathymic T-Cells In Response To Acute Aerobic Exercise In Man, Jerrald L. Rector, Guillaume Spielmann, Austin J. Bigley, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

T-cells typically mature in the thymus gland, which eventually succumbs to age-related atrophy, resulting in a decreased naïve T-cell repertoire in middle to later years. Aged individuals and those with persistently reactivating herpesvirus infections have an increased reliance on the extrathymic maturation of T-cells due to the shrinking effects that age and latent viral infection has on the naïve T-cell repertoire. Acute bouts of aerobic exercise are known to mobilize T-cells that exhibit both a naïve and late-stage differentiation phenotype into the blood compartment; however, it is not known if recent thymic emigrants (RTE) or extrathymic T-cells contribute to the …

The Impact Of Latent Cmv Infection On Nk-Cell Mobilization And Expression Of Klrg1 And Cd57 In Response To Acute Exercise., Austin B. Bigley, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effectors of the innate immune system that are able to distinguish healthy autologous cells from tumors and virally infected cells. NK-cells kill the targeted cells by releasing cytotoxic proteins, a process that is governed by inhibitory surface receptors, such as KLRG1. Additionally, activated NK-cells are able to proliferate in response to immunological stimuli, a process that is inhibited in NK-cells expressing the senescence marker CD57. Acute bouts of exercise are known to mobilize NK cells into the blood compartment, which could alter immunity; however, whether or not exercise alters NK-cell KLRG1 and CD57 expression …

Serum Il-6 Is Increased During Performance Cycling After Energy Drink Consumption, Jonathan Woodson, Melody Phillips, Jacob Ross, Kelyn Rola, Kenneth Christensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Energy Drinks (ED) have become popular preexercise supplements due to the stimulant effects of their ingredients such as caffeine. Other ingredients including carbohydrate (CHO), glucuronolactone and taurine may also contribute to performance enhancement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of energy drink consumption on cycling performance, substrate oxidation and immune-related variables. Methods: This study was a blinded, randomized, cross-over design with 3 experimental conditions. Eleven trained male cyclists (mean age 33.4±8.9 yr, body mass 81±7.6 kg, VO2max 51.72±3.4 ml*kg-1*min-1) consumed 3 different 500 ml beverages: 1) Energy Drink (ED1- 2.0g taurine, 1.2 g glucoronolactone, 160 …

Reliability And Validity Of An Electronic Inclinometer (Ei) And Standard Goniometer (Sg) For Measuring The Q-Angle In 2 Different Positions In A Sample Of Women, Emerenciana S. Ferro

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The Q-angle is formed by the longitudinal axis of the femur and the line of pull of the patellar ligament. Possible larger Q-angles may be linked with patellofemoral pain. The reliability and concurrent validity of the EI and the SG has also not been investigated for measurement of the Q-angle.

Purposes: To determine the intra- and inter-tester reliability of Q-angle measurements in the supine and standing positions and concurrent validity between these tools. Methods: Two testers (an experienced physical therapist (PT) and a novice PT student) measured participants’ Q-angles (32 women; 19 to 35 years) using the EI and …

Accuracy Of Rt3 Accelerometer And Sensewear Armband To Estimate Free-Living Energy Expenditure, Elisabeth I. Cavegn, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Devices that estimate energy expenditure (EE), such as the RT3 accelerometer and the SenseWear (SW) Armband, are a convenient way to assess free-living activity, as they store multiple days of data. Purpose: This study evaluated the ability of the RT3 accelerometer and the SW Armband to accurately estimate the total EE of adults under free-living conditions compared to indirect calorimetry (IC). Methods: A total of three men and six women [mean (SD) age: 30.9 (16.6) y; height: 168.3 (10.2) cm; body mass: 64.2 (10.4) kg; BMI: 22.5 (1.8) kg/m2] participated in this study. Each participant wore the RT3 accelerometer at …

Walking Class Step Average, Step Intensity, Distance Covered And Leisure Physical Activity Of College Students, Kimberly D. Tallent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stepping levels in and outside of a prescribed walking class and leisure time physical activity (PA) of college students. METHOD. Participants in the study were twenty three male (n = 9) and female (n = 14) enrolled in a walking class that met Monday through Friday for five weeks during the summer. Students completed the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at the beginning and end of the course and followed the prescribed walking times during class. Step counts were ascertained both in and outside …

Estimating Percent Body Fat In Disabled Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study, Becky Garner, Judy R. Wilson, Abu Yilla, Mark Ricard, Brad Heddins, Barry Mckeown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Accurate and simple to administer field methods that currently exist tend to underestimate values when used to determine percent body fat (%BF) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This group of people is more prone to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as other secondary conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three methods of measuring body composition as compared to total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. These three methods included air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod), hydrostatic weighing (HW) and seven site skinfold (SKF) measurement as recommended by the American College of …

A Comparison Of Three Computer-Based Methods Used To Determine Emg Signal Amplitude, Doug Renshaw*, Matthew R. Bice†, Camille Cassidy‡, James A. Eldridge‡, Douglas W. Powell‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Electromyography is a commonly used method to determine relative effort and neuromuscular drive to skeletal muscle. A limitation of the interpretation of EMG within the literature is the many methods used to determine the intensity of muscle activation. In the current study, ten healthy young adults performed a level walking task while EMG was recorded from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and fibularis longus. The EMG data were rectified and smoothed using the root mean squared (RMS). Peak RMS (pRMS), mean RMS (mRMS) and integrated EMG (iEMG) were normalized to the peak value within the subject and were used to …

Acute Exercise In Vietnam Veterans Is Associated With Positive Subjective Experiences, Rebecca M. Sealey†

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 36-42, 2010. A person’s subjective experience to their first exercise session is likely to influence their long-term adherence to regular exercise. The aim of the current pilot study therefore is to quantify the subjective exercise experience of previously sedentary Vietnam War Veterans undertaking an initial bout of one of three different exercise interventions. Thirty-two Vietnam Veterans presenting with one or more chronic diseases/conditions participated in one of three acute exercise bouts: 1) lower-body vibration, upper-body resistance and stretching (WBVT); 2) lower-body vibration, upper-body resistance, aerobic exercise and stretching (WBVT+CV); and 3) full-body resistance, aerobic exercise …

Independent Multiple Correlates Of Post-Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure Recovery In Healthy Adults, Uchechukwu Dimkpa†, Andrew Ugwu‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 25-35, 2010. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the independent relationships of systolic blood pressure recovery (SBPR) with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate (HR), physical activity, and cigarette smoking in healthy adults. Subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise at progressive incremental workloads until subjects reached 80% of their age-predicted maximum HR. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before exercise (after 10 and 15 minutes of rest), during exercise (at 2-minute intervals), immediately after exercise (within the first minute) and subsequently at 2-minute intervals until recovery to baseline. …

Body Image As A Motivator And Barrier To Exercise Participation, Laura R. Brudzynski*, William Ebben‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 14-24, 2010. This study examined self-reported relationships between motivations and barriers to exercise, frequency of exercise, and location of exercise to body image. The study surveyed 1044 students from a large Midwestern university. Respondents comprised of 689 (66.0%) females and 355 (34.0%) males with an age range of 17-55 years. Raw survey data were analyzed using independent content analysis. Most participants (76.8%) reported exercising while the remainder did not. Body image was a significant factor in determining the amount exercised for a majority of participants (58.3%), as well as the location of exercise for some …

Parameters Of Walking And Jogging In Healthy Young Adults, Tiago V. Barreira†, David A. Rowe‡, Minsoo Kang‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 4-13, 2010. The purposes of this study were to a) investigate the average heart rate (HR), speed, stride length, and stride rate during moderate intensity walking and jogging in healthy young adults, b) cross validate the walking stride length calculation based on 42% of height and c) provide reliability information for measurement of walking and jogging steps, speed, stride length, and stride rate. Participants (N=130) wore two Yamax SW-200 pedometers and a Polar A-1 HR monitor while performing walking and jogging trials. The correlation between estimated (0.71 ± 0.04 m·stride-1) and actual stride length (0.78 …

From The Editors: Assessing The International Journal Of Exercise Science After Two Years, Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 1-3, 2010. The popularity of the International Journal of Exercise Science continues to rise. As a student-focused journal, we are pleased to provide these future professionals with opportunities to gain experience with the peer review process, both through submitting their original work and as manuscript reviewers. Our editorial process is changing as section editors with specialties within the field of exercise science have agreed to take on these responsibilities. In addition, we are proud to also publish conference proceedings from various meetings held around the world. A list of individuals who have reviewed manuscripts throughout …

Relationships Between Jump Characteristics Of Collegiate Female Athletes Competing In Different Disciplines, Christopher J. Macdonalds, Hugh S. Lamont, John C. Garner, Jeremy A. Gentles, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Balance Training Reduces Falls Risk In Older Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Steven Morrison, Sheri R. Colberg, Mita Mariano, Henri K. Parson, Arthur I. Vinik

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE - This study assessed the effects of balance/strength training on falls risk and posture in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Sixteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and 21 age-matched control subjects (aged 50-75 years) participated. Postural stability and falls risk was assessed before and after a 6-week exercise program.

RESULTS - Diabetic individuals had significantly higher falls risk score compared with control subjects. The diabetic group also exhibited evidence of mild-to-moderate neuropathy, slower reaction times, and increased postural sway. Following exercise, the diabetic group showed significant improvements in leg strength, faster reaction times, …

Research Review: Fun Or Fitness?, Mike Climstein

Mike Climstein

No abstract provided.

Research Review: Mixed-Method Cooling In The Heat?, Michael Climstein

Mike Climstein

No abstract provided.

Research Review: Well Don’T Just Stand There!, Mike Climstein

Mike Climstein

No abstract provided.