Pharmacology Commons^™

Evaluation Of Biochemical And Pathological Parameters At Different Doses Of Cisplatin In Experimental Animal Model: Toxicological Study On An Antineoplastic Drug, Farhana Sultana, Muhammed Mohibul Islam, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Nusrat Jahan, Asma Kabir, Talha Bin Emran, Bibek Chandra Sutradhar, Sujan Banik

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of cisplatin-induced toxicities on biochemical and pathological parameters such as body, liver, and kidney weights, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) in white Swiss albino mice.

Methods: Cisplatin’s potential toxic effects on body, liver, and kidney weights were evaluated using standard laboratory methods. Blood biochemical levels such as BUN, creatinine, and ALT levels were determined by an auto-hemolyzer using commercial diagnostic kits. Blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) were counted under a microscope by a hemocytometer.

Results: Cisplatin’s potential toxic effects on …

The Use Of Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization For Pesticide Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Pei-Ting Jiang, Kuan-Lu Wu, Hsueh-Ting Wang, Sung-Fang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Based on the regulations of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) of Taiwan in 2017, an analysis of 373 pesticides in food was conducted using the MOHW official method. The analyses involved the use of either liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) or gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron ionization (EI). In this study, the applicability of detecting pesticides using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was investigated and evaluated. The pesticides were separated using an aqueous solution of ammonium formate with methanol as the mobile phase, and ionization efficiency was compared between APCI, ESI, and …

A Substructure-Based Screening Approach To Uncover N-Nitrosamines In Drug Substances, Yu-Ting Kao, Shu-Fen Wang, Meng-Hsiu Wu, Shwu-Huey Her, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Chung-Hsien Lee, Hsiao-Feng Lee, An-Rong Lee, Li-Chien Chang, Li-Heng Pao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Drug substances are at risk of contamination with N-nitrosamines (NAs), well-known carcinogenic agents, during synthesis processes and/or long-term storage. Therefore, in this study, we developed an efficient data-based screening approach to systemically assess marketed products and investigated its scalability for benefiting both regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industries. A substructure-based screening method employing DataWarrior, an open-source software, was established to evaluate the risks of NA impurities in drug substances. Eight NA substructures containing susceptible amino sources for N-nitrosation have been identified as screening targets: dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine, isopropylethylamine, diisopropylamine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dibutylamine, methylphenylamine, and tetrazoles. Our method detected 192 drug …

Repurposing Lansoprazole And Posaconazole To Treat Leishmaniasis: Integration Of In Vitro Testing, Pharmacological Corroboration, And Mechanisms Of Action, Yash Gupta, Steven Goicoechea, Jesus G. Romero, Raman Mathur, Thomas R. Caulfield, Daniel P. Becker, Ravi Durvasula, Prakasha Kempaiah

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Leishmaniasis remains a serious public health problem in many tropical regions of the world. Among neglected tropical diseases, the mortality rate of leishmaniasis is second only to malaria. All currently approved therapeutics have toxic side effects and face rapidly increasing resistance. To identify existing drugs with antileishmanial activity and predict the mechanism of action, we designed a drug-discovery pipeline utilizing both in-silico and in-vitro methods. First, we screened compounds from the Selleckchem Bio-Active Compound Library containing ~1,622 FDA-approved drugs and narrowed these down to 96 candidates based on data mining for possible anti-parasitic properties. Next, we completed preliminary in-vitro testing …

Effect Of Repeated Shengmai-San Administration On Nifedipine Pharmacokinetics And The Risk/Benefit Under Co-Treatment, Hong-Jaan Wang, Elise Chia-Hui Tan, Tzu-Yi Chiang, Wei-Ching Chen, Chien-Chang Shen, Yune-Fang Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Herbal interactions with nifedipine/felodipine through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibition is significant in humans. Shengmai-San (SMS), a three-herbal formula of Chinese medicine, is commonly prescribed in Asia populations for cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of SMS on nifedipine/felodipine treatment by the findings from rat pharmacokinetic study of nifedipine to the retrospective cohort study of patients with hypertension. The 3-week SMS treatment increased the systemic exposure to nifedipine by nearly two-fold and decreased nifedipine clearance by 39% in rats. Among the ingredients of SMS component herbs, schisandrin B, schisantherin A, and methylophiopogonanone A, inhibited the nifedipine oxidation …

Evaluation Of Opioid Consumption Trends For Pain In Taiwan And Comparison With Neighboring Asian Countries, Jhi-Joung Wang, Shu-Fang Teng, Yu-Roo Chu, Chin-Chen Chu, Chung-Han Ho, Li-Ling Chu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Opioids are effective analgesics for pain relief, however, inappropriate use may cause risks. The aims of the study were to evaluate trends of opioid consumption for pain management in Taiwan and compare them among neighboring Asian countries. Opioid consumption data, including fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, codeine, and pethidine, were collected from the Controlled Drugs Management Information System of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration from 2008 to 2018. Data of different continents and neighboring Asian countries were retrieved from the WHO website. The major findings include: (1) In Taiwan, the total annual opioid consumption has gradually increased from 2008 to 2018, …

A Three-Step Stacking Capillary Electrophoresis Of Field-Amplified Sample Injection, Sweeping, And Micellar Collapse For Determination Of Dabigatran And Its Active Metabolite In Human Plasma, Cheng-Wei Cheng, Wen-Han Feng, Wei-Hua Tang, Hwang-Shang Kou, Chun-Chi Wang, Shou-Mei Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis (CE) composed of field-amplified sample injection, sweeping, and analyte focusing by micellar collapse (FASI-sweeping-AFMC) was developed to determine dabigatran (D) and its major active metabolite, dabigatran acyl-beta-d-glucuronide (DAG), in human plasma. After optimization and validation, this novel approach was further applied to monitor 5 real samples, and the 25.2 to 186.8 ng mL^-1 D could be observed among those. Based on these results, the novel CE stacking strategy was successfully applied for the analysis of D and DAG in human plasma and could be served as a tool for clinical assays.

The Antihyperlipidemic Equivalent Combinatorial Components From Peel Of Citrus Reticulata ‘Chachi’, Ping-Ting Xiao, Yu-Jia Kuang, Shi-Yu Liu, Zhi-Shen Xie, Jin-Hua Hao, E-Hu Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Since the combinatorial components responsible for the antihyperlipidemic activity of Citrus reticulata‘Chachi’ (CRC) peels remains unclear, we herein developed a bioactive equivalence oriented feedback screening method to discover the bioactive equivalent combinatorial components (BECCs) from CRC peels. Using palmitic acid (PA)- stimulated hepatocyte model, a combination of five polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) including tangeretin, sinensetin, nobiletin, 5,7,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone was identified to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic effect of CRC peels. Via evaluation of combination effect by combination index (CI), these 5 PMFs were found to take effect via a synergistic mode. Our data indicated that the antihyperlipidemic mechanism of PMF …

Food Glycomics: Dealing With Unexpected Degradation Of Oligosaccharides During Sample Preparation And Analysis, Yu-Ping Huang, Randall C. Robinson, Daniela Barile

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study reveals that unexpected degradation of food oligosaccharides can occur during conventional glycomics workflows, including sample preparation and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). With the present investigation, we aim to alert the scientific community of the susceptibility of specific glycosidic linkages to degradation induced by heat and acid. Key standard oligosaccharides representing the major types found in foods (3’-sialyllactose and 6’-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine for milk, raffinose and stachyose for legumes) were selected as model systems and underwent each of the following treatments independently: (1) labeled with the derivatizing agent 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic (APTS) (followed by analysis with a capillary electrophoresis system coupled …

Ulva Prolifera Polysaccharide Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects Via Upregulation Of Adiponectin Expression And Gut Microbiota Modulation In High-Fat Diet-Fed C57bl/6 Mice, Hai-Ching Pung, Wei-Sheng Lin, Yi-Chen Lo, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Chi-Tang Ho, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Obesity is characterized by metabolic disorder and accompanying an altered and less diverse gut microbiota composition during a fat-enriched diet. Recent studies indicated that sulphated polysaccharide prevents high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, reduces metabolic disorder, and restores the gut microbiota. However, there are few studies about Ulva prolifera polysaccharide (UPP) may induce anti-obesogenic effects. Therefore, the present study investigates the enzymatic extracted UPP effects in HFD-fed mice. The results showed that UPP considerably slowed down the HFD-induced weight gain and improved metabolic disorders in HFD-fed mice. Notably, the effects were associated with lower body weight gain, reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy, …

Stable Carbon Isotopic Characterization Of Rice Vinegar Protein As An Intrinsic Reference For Discriminating The Authenticity Of Brewed Rice Vinegar, Chun-Jen Fang, Hsin-Cheng You, Zih-Ling Huang, Che-Lun Hsu, Chia-Fen Tsai, Ya-Tze Lin, Ya-Min Kao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang, Nan-Wei Su

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rice vinegar plays an important role in daily life. However, some unscrupulous manufacturers may deliberately add synthetic acetic acid in vinegar products to reduce fermentation time and save production costs. To protect the rights and health of consumers, vinegar authenticity must be controlled. The rice vinegar protein was used as an intrinsic reference and its stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C_protein) was analyzed by elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The stable carbon isotope ratio difference between the acetic acid and the rice vinegar protein (Δδ¹³C_{acetic acid-protein}) was calculated to evaluate vinegar authenticity. Sixteen …

Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined With Ambient Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Rapidly Distinguish Pesticides In Serum For Emergency Diagnostics, Hung Su, Hsin-Hua Lin, Lin-Jhen Su, Chia-Chen Lin, Zong-Han Jiang, Shiang-Jin Chen, Jentaie Shiea, Chi-Wei Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Despite the fact that carbamates and organophosphates cause acute poisoning via different mechanisms and require disparate management, they are indistinguishable by current clinical assays. Herein, direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) plus thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS) was developed to discern them. Both pesticides spiked in human serum were extracted by SPME and analyzed by TD-ESI/MS/MS. This is a promising emergency care platform as rapid analyses could be done in tiny sample volumes with satisfactory recovery (89.46%–116.32%), precision (covariance < 20%), sensitivity (LOD < 0.1 µg/mL), turnaround time (< 5 minutes), and linearity (R² = 0.9827–0.9992) within 0.1–100 µg/mL.

Determination Of Perfluoroalkyl Substances In Food Packaging In Taiwan Using Ultrasonic Extraction And Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Peng Siao, Su-Hsiang Tseng, Chia-Yang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as coating materials, possess oil-resistant and waterproof properties. However, their persistency and toxicity have caused concerns. This study developed a method for determining five types of 20 PFASs with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and measured seven categories of 32 commercial samples of oil-resistant food packaging in Taiwan. The assay was validated according to the specification of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA). Samples of 100 cm² were cut into pieces and were ultra-sonicated in 20-mL methanol at 50℃ for 45 minutes. The extracts were concentrated to 1 mL for instrumental analysis. Most matrix effect factors …

The Next Generation Beneficial Actions Of Novel Probiotics As Potential Therapeutic Targets And Prediction Tool For Metabolic Diseases, Hsin-Lin Cheng, Gow-Chin Yen, Shih-Chien Huang, Shiuan-Chih Chen, Chin-Lin Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The prevalence of metabolic disease has rising and affected over 1,000 million populations globally. Since the metabolic disease and its related complication are board, it has become the major health hazard of modern world. However, Long term medication of metabolic disease may cause serious side effects and risk for adverse health problems. Recently, emerging studies focus on exploring the mechanistic details of metabolic state in disease development and progression. Gut bacteria ecosystem was considered to play a pivotal role in regulating energy homeostasis and great associated with the development of metabolic disease. Accumulated evidences indicated that Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, …

Wastewater-Based Estimation Of Substances Discharged At The Rest Areas Along The State Highways In Kentucky, Katherine E. Gray, Eugene Shin, Tyler Whitt, Andrew Windhorst, Houston Hampton, Chris Delcher, Bikram Subedi

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The availability of licit and illicit stimulants and its adverse consequences on public health has emerged as a major drug threat to communities in the United States. Despite several drug-involved traffic incidents along the interstate highways, this report represents the first comprehensive and quantitative report of drugs discharged at the rest areas along the interstate highways. In this National Institute of Justice-funded study, the amount of several discharged drugs focusing on stimulants but also including opioids and prescription antipsychotics are being measured in raw wastewater collected from five rest areas and a truck servicing facility using a state-of-the-art mass …

Modulating Ketamine’S Locomotor Activating And Reinforcing Effects Through Drug Combinations, Tegshjargal Baasansukh

Theses and Dissertations

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affects approximately 280 million people worldwide. The standard of care for pharmacological treatment of MDD has been monoaminergic antidepressants (MAA). However, MAAs have serious clinical limitations including a relatively slow onset of action and up to 40% of patients failing to respond and being diagnosed as “treatment resistant”. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, was originally approved for use as an injectable anesthetic. In addition, ketamine has been shown to rapidly improve depressive symptoms in patients with treatment resistant depression. In 2019, (S)-ketamine was approved as a nasal spray (Spravato®) for patients with MDD and treatment-resistant depression in …

Behavioral Screening And Chiral Bioanalysis Of Emerging Stimulant-Type Drugs In Rats, Tyson R. Baird

Theses and Dissertations

The epidemic of drug use in the United States and elsewhere in the world has resulted in tragic loss of life and substantial economic costs. Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are one of the contributors to this problem, and the lack of information about many of these drugs compounds their risk. This dissertation proposes a strategy to use intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as a behavioral screening tool to assess emerging drugs of abuse for their abuse potential in order to generate a proactive threat assessment. A series of stimulant-type drugs including methcathinone, α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP), cocaine, and the phenyltropane analogs of cocaine WIN35428 …

Heavy Metal Contamination And Potential Ecological Risks In Surface Sediments Along Dar Es Salaam Harbour Channel, Benard Mwakisunga, Harishchandra B. Pratap, John F. Machiwa, Flora Stephano

Tanzania Journal of Science

Investigation of heavy metal contamination along Dar es Salaam harbour channel was carried out in order to determine their current concentrations, sources and potential ecological risks to benthic biota. Sampling was carried out from January to May 2019 and samples analysed using ICP-OES and C-H-N-S analyser. Analysis of heavy metal relationships showed that, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Co, Fe, Cd had strong relationships with each other, while Pb only related to Zn. Principal component analysis partitioned metals into two groups; PC1: Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, As, Cu, Cd, and Zn explaining 73.6% variance and PC2: Pb, Zn, and Cd …

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Molecular Cartography Of Residue Pesticides On Grape Surface In 3d By Ambient Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Hung Su, Tiao-Lai Huang, Cheng-Ting Chi, Yi-Tzu Cho, Chi-Wei Lee, Jingyueh Jeng, Jentaie Shiea

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS) was used to characterize the residual pesticides that were collected from the surface of a grape with metallic sampling probes. Fungicides, insecticides, and miticides were detected, where results were validated by simple solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. To explore the distribution of pesticide residues on grape surfaces, 149 locations of a grape surface were collected and followed by TD-ESI/MS/MS analysis. The molecular cartography was then generated from analysis of residual pesticides on the grape surface in 3D.

Variations In Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides After Calving Using P-Aminobenzoic Ethyl Ester Closed-Ring Labeling And Negative Ion Electrospray Lc/Ms/Ms, Han-Ju Chien, Yi-Chun Ma, Yi-Feng Zheng, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Wei-Chen Wang, Guor-Rong Her, Chien-Chen Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A strategy was proposed to analyze bovine milk oligosaccharides using p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester (ABEE) closed-ring labeling and C18 capillary liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Linkage specific fragment ions were used to identify oligosaccharide isomers. By constructing the mass chromatograms using linkage specific fragment ions, isomers were differentiated based on m/z values as well as temporal separation provided by liquid chromatography. In addition to disialyllactose and the single isomer lacto-N-neohexaose, four pairs of linkage isomers including 3’/6’-sialyllactose (3’/6’-SL), 3’/6’-sialyllactosamine (3’/6’-SLN), 3’/6’-sialylgalactosyl-lactose (3’/6’-SGL), and lacto-N-tetraose/lacto-N-neotetraose (LNT/LNnT) in bovine milk were investigated. Variations of bovine milk oligosaccharides in a …

Analysis Of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines Using Selective Extraction By Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coupled With Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry, Shih-Ci Jhu, Jing-Ying Wang, Hsueh-Ting Wang, Sung-Fang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are highly carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. This study reports on the development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for the purification and quantification of HCAs. A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was successfully prepared using a surface molecular imprinting method using functionalized Fe particles as the magnetic cores. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was used as a molecular template; methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA), 2, 2′-Azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) were used as the functional monomer, crosslinker, and initiator, respectively. The use of the template/functional monomer/crosslinking agent at a ratio of 1:4:20 resulted in a product with better adsorption …

The Impact Of The Rare Disease And Orphan Drug Act In Taiwan, Ning-Chun Hsiang, Weng-Foung Huang, Churn-Shiouh Gau, Teng-Wen Tsai, Lin-Chau Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Rare Disease and Orphan Drug Act (the Act) was enacted in 2000 in Taiwan for the facilitation of the research, development, and accessibility of orphan drugs and special nutritional foods; for the prevention and early diagnosis of rare diseases; and for providing intensive care for patients with rare diseases. The aim was to investigate the impact of the Act on the availability and use of orphan drugs in Taiwan in the hope of identifying the remaining challenges and possible solutions to assist future policy making, which may be applicable in other countries as well. The information and statistics for …

Determination Of Quetiapine And Its Metabolites In Plasma By Field-Enhanced Sample Stacking, Tai-Ling Liu, Li-Shan Fang, Jing-Ru Liou, Jia-Shan Dai, Yen-Ling Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that can be used to treat mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Quetiapine is mainly converted into the active metabolites of norquetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine by the liver enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. In this study, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used as a sample pretreatment method to eliminate interferences in plasma. tert-Butyl methyl ether was chosen as the extraction solvent. Field-enhanced sample injection (FESS), an online preconcentration technique, was used to analyze quetiapine and its metabolites norquetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in plasma. The optimal separation condition was 120 mM phosphate (pH 4.0) containing …

Quantitative Analysis Of Fragrance Allergens In Various Matrixes Of Cosmetics By Liquid-Liquid Extraction And Gc-Ms, Chia-Hui Lu, Ming-Chih Fang, Yu-Zi Chen, Shou-Chieh Huang, Der-Yuan Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Fragrances are the most common chemicals in cosmetics to which people expose every day. However, the unwanted allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis caused by direct contact with fragrances may happen. In Directive 2003/15/EC of the EU, cosmetic product containing one or more of 26 fragrance allergens must be declared on the package label. In addition, commission regulation (EU) 2017/1410 amending Annexes II and III of cosmetic regulation 1223/2009 restricted fragrance chemical of methyl eugenol, and prohibited Lyral, atranol, chloroatranol to be used in cosmetic. In this study, an efficient and sensitive GC-MS method for 3 banned fragrances, 26 fragrance …

Diagnostic Ions Guided 2d-Locating Strategy For Characterization Of Chemical Analogues In Complex Herbal Medicines Using Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry, Meng-Ning Li, Zi-Xuan Zhang, Hui-Ying Wang, Wen Gao, Ping Li, Hua Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rapid characterization of chemical analogues in potentially toxic complex matrix was essential for prevention of accidental poisoning. On the basis of the fragment ions possessed not only the same retention times (RT) but the same drift times (DT) on liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS), an alternating frames (AF)-data independent acquisition (DIA) was utilized for simultaneous detection and rapid match of precursor/product ions with a fast switch of low/high collision energy (CE). A diagnostic ions guided 2D-locating strategy was developed for identification of chemical analogues in potentially toxic herbal medicines using LC-IM-MS. Firstly, the 2D-locations (RT, DT) of diagnostic ions were …

Pharmacokinetics Of Panduratin A Following Oral Administration Of A Boesenbergia Pandurata Extract To Rats, Jihyun Won, Keumhan Noh, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Beom Soo Shin, Wonku Kang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Boesenbergia pandurata and its major active ingredient, panduratin A (PAN), exhibit antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. We explored the time course of the plasma and tissue (in the major organs, gums and skin) concentrations of PAN after oral administration of a B. pandurata extract to rats. Model-dependent analysis was used to quantify the skin distribution of PAN after systemic exposure. The PAN level peaked at 1.12 ± 0.22 μg/mL after 3 h, and then biexponentially decayed with a terminal half-life of 9 h. The mean clearance (Cl/F) was 2.33 ± 0.68 L/h/kg. The PAN levels in organs were in …

Identification Of Oxytocin Receptor Activating Chemical Components From Traditional Japanese Medicines, Yuko Maejima, Shoichiro Horita, Shoko Yokota, Tomoyuki Ono, Peter Proks, Hiromi Yoshida-Komiya, Yoichi Ueta, Katsuhiko Nishimori, Shingen Misaka, Kenju Shimomura

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Oxytocin (Oxt) is known to regulate social communication, stress and body weight. The activation of Oxt receptors (OTR) has clinical potential to abate stress disorders and metabolic syndrome. Kamikihito (KKT) is a traditional Japanese medicine used to treat psychological stress-related disorders. We investigated the effects of KKT, its ingredients and chemical components on Oxt neurons and OTR. C-Fos expression was examined after oral and peripheral administration of KKT in rats. Electrophysiological change of Oxt neurons and Oxt release upon application of KKT were measured in rat brain slice. The direct effect of KKT, its ingredients and its chemical components were …

A Novel Nrf2/Are Inhibitor Gossypol Induces Cytotoxicity And Sensitizes Chemotherapy Responses In Chemo-Refractory Cancer Cells, Ya-Chu Tang, Hsin-Huei Chang, Huang-Hui Chen, Jau-Ying Yao, Yu-Tsen Chen, Yung-Jen Chuang, Jang-Yang Chang, Ching-Chuan Kuo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

NRF2/ARE signaling pathway is a principal regulator of cellular redox homoeostasis. The stress-induced transcription factor, NRF2, can shield cells from the oxidative damages via binding to the consensus antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) and driving several cyto-protective genes expression. Increasing evidence indicated that aberrant activation of NRF2 in malignant cells may support their survival through various pathways to detoxify chemotherapy drugs, attenuate drug-induced oxidative stress, or induce drug efflux, all of which are crucial in developing drug resistance. Accordingly, NRF2 is a potential drug target for improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy and to reverse drug resistance in cancer cells. A stable ARE-driven …

Curcumin-Induced Antitumor Effects On Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Tumor Mice Through Inhibiting Salt-Induced Kinase-3 Protein, Tzu-Chun Cheng, John Oliver Sayseng, Shih-Hsin Tu, Ting-Ching Juan, Chia-Lang Fang, You-Cheng Liao, Cheng-Ying Chu, Hui-Wen Chang, Yun Yen, Li-Ching Chen, Yuan-Soon Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study demonstrated for the first time that curcumin effectively inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors by inhibiting the expression of salt-induced kinase-3 (SIK3) protein in patient-derived xenografted tumor mice (TNBC-PDX). For TNBC patients, chemotherapy is the only option for postoperative adjuvant treatment. In this study, we detected the SIK3 mRNA expression in paired-breast cancer tissues by PCR analysis. The results revealed that SIK3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues when compared to the normal adjacent tissues (73.25 times, n=183). Thus, it is proposed for the first time that the antitumor effect induced by curcumin …