Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Commons^™

Synergetic Effect Of Cellulose And Chitosan Polymers In Cancer Treatment, Grace Peterson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research explores the development of a biocompatible, natural drug delivery system designed for targeted cancer therapy. Lung cancer cells are used in these particular tests, but further research indicates treatment could be used for various cancer types. Traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy are often limited by poor selectivity for tumor cells, causing significant damage to healthy tissues. The study proposes a dual-layered delivery system, utilizing Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as the core material and a charge-reversible chitosan shell to encapsulate and target cancer drugs. CMC, with its water solubility and ability to form stable gels, serves as a stable drug …

Association Of Prenatal Exposure To Phthalates And Phenols With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Misa Hayasaka, Diana Aboukhater, George Saade, Tetsuya Kawakita

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association between prenatal exposures to phthalates and phenols and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth weight, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

METHODS:

This study analyzed data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes consortium, which harmonized longitudinal data on more than 30,000 pregnancies and 57,000 children from 69 cohorts across the United States and Puerto Rico. Pregnancy outcomes included PTB, SGA, and GDM, identified from medical records or self-reports. Generalized estimating equations models with Poisson distribution and robust variance were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs per interquartile …

Impact Of Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Daphnia Magna Heart Rate, Ashley Cosgrave

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Marijuana (Cannabis) is currently federally illegal within the United States and classified as a Schedule I drug. This leaves a large research gap on the impacts of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. Daphnia magna are frequently used as a model organism for the human heart and toxicology screenings due to their myogenic heart, similarities in physiological pathways, and sensitivity to toxins. As such, in order to bridge the research gap and uncover potential use of Daphnia magna as a model organism for humans in regard to impact on heart rate, we hypothesized that if Daphnia magna possess CB1 receptors or an equivalent …

Identification Of Fentanyl And Fentanyl Analogs Found In Human Urine Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Adam M. Fisher

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Identification of fentanyl and its analogs in unknown samples is a frequent practice completed in forensic crime labs, as the fentanyl epidemic continues. With the continued increase in illicit drug use, crime labs are not able to keep up with the flooding of new fentanyl analogs being developed, resulting in new analogs slipping past the crime labs’ authority. This research is to start to develop a database of commonly found fentanyl analogs in New York State. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely used method for the detection and identification of illicit drugs in forensic crime labs. A database that …

On! Original Flavor Oral Nicotine Pouch Characterization: Biorelevant In Vitro Nicotine Release Apparatus Assessment, Jason C. Funderburk, Melissa Morgan, Maria Lasaosa Garcia, Andreas S. L. Mendez, Matthew S. Halquist

Graduate Research Posters

Background: Oral nicotine pouch (ONP) use is rising. The sales of ONPs in 2019 were 126 million units, increasing to 808 million units in 2022. Understanding ONP in vitro release is critical for assessing exposure to ONP products.

Methods: The commercial brand ON! ONPs with nicotine label claims of 2, 4, and 8 mg, were evaluated in vitro for cumulative nicotine release using the bidirectional transmucosal apparatus (BTA) for 90 minutes. Nicotine quantification was performed by HPLC-PDA. For pH determination, ONP samples were prepared in water or artificial saliva (pH 6.8) with measurements for 30 minutes. BTA results were compared …

Integrating Phytochemicals And In Silico Methods For Modern Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Review, Olorunfemi Oyewole Babalola, Kpomah Bridget, Godspower Oyubu, Sakariyau Adio Waheed, Samuel Ayomikun Ajiboye, Aderonke Elizabeth Fakayode, Adeleye Adegboyega Edema, Udensi Great Chukwuma, Rachael Taiwo Tiamiyu, Adebisola Joy Fakayode, Hameedah Oluwatoyin Adebimpe, Kosisochukwu Dematus Onyeagba, Comfort Oluseun Fakunle, Paul Olamide Ottu, Sonia Gabriel

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Phytochemicals have long played a central role in drug discovery due to their structural diversity and broad biological activity. This review explores the progression of natural product-based drug development, highlighting how traditional knowledge and modern scientific tools are increasingly being combined. Medicinal plants identified through ethnopharmacological practices continue to guide the search for bioactive compounds, while advancements in screening techniques and structural analysis have improved the isolation and characterization of these substances. The review discusses the wide range of pharmacological actions found in plant-derived compounds. Their mechanisms of action and potential for synergistic effects are examined in detail. The application …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Anti-Hiv Activity Of Fatty Acyl Conjugates Of Tenofovir Alefanamide, Muhammad Sajid, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Louise A. Ouattara, Amita Verma, Gustavo F. Doncel, Keykavous Parang, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Hina Siddiqui

CONRAD Publications

The activity of nucleoside and nucleotide analogs as antiviral agents requires phosphorylation by intracellular enzymes. Phosphate-substituted analogs have low bioavailability due to the presence of ionizable negatively-charged groups. To circumvent this limitation, several prodrug approaches have been proposed and developed. Herein, we hypothesized that the conjugation of anti-HIV fatty acids with the nucleotide tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (1) could improve the anti-HIV activity of the nucleotide. Several fatty acyl amide conjugates of TAF were synthesized and evaluated in comparative studies with TAF. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as racemic mixtures for anti-HIV activity in vitro in a single-round HIV-1 infection assay …

Amorphous Quininium Aspirinate From Neat Mechanochemistry: Diffracting Nanocrystalline Domains And Quick Recrystallization Upon Exposure To Solvent Vapours, Silvina Pagola, James Howard, Johannes Merkelbach, Danny Stam

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Quininium aspirinate is mechanochemically prepared as a crystalline solid by liquid-assisted grinding, or as an amorphous phase (as determined by X-ray powder diffraction), by neat grinding or neat ball milling. Our previous work demonstrated using FT-IR spectroscopy that a mechanochemical reaction had occurred in the mechanically treated neat mixtures. Herein is reported that microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) afforded the discovery of two diffracting micron-size particles in the amorphous powder synthesized by manual grinding, among a majority of non-diffracting particles. Remarkably, microED data of one of them led to the known lattice parameters of quininium aspirinate. Furthermore, this so-called 'X-ray amorphous' …