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2020

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Articles 361 - 390 of 793

Full-Text Articles in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics

Characterizing Diversity Based On Nutritional And Bioactive Compositions Of Yam Germplasm (Dioscorea Spp.) Commonly Cultivated In China, Z.-G. Wu, W. Jiang, M. Nitin, X.-Q. Bao, S.-L. Chen, Z.-M. Tao Jul 2020

Characterizing Diversity Based On Nutritional And Bioactive Compositions Of Yam Germplasm (Dioscorea Spp.) Commonly Cultivated In China, Z.-G. Wu, W. Jiang, M. Nitin, X.-Q. Bao, S.-L. Chen, Z.-M. Tao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are widely cultivated as edible resources and medical materials in China. Characterizing chemical compositions in yam germplasm is crucial to determine their diversity and suitability for food and medicine applications. In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. Allantoin and dioscin varied considerably, with values of 0.62-1.49% DW and 0.032-0.092% DW, …

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Determination Of Scutellarin In Breviscapine Preparations Using Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Z. Jiang, J. Yang, Y. Jiao, W. Li, X. Chai, L. Zhang, M. Jiang, Y. Wang Jul 2020

Determination Of Scutellarin In Breviscapine Preparations Using Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Z. Jiang, J. Yang, Y. Jiao, W. Li, X. Chai, L. Zhang, M. Jiang, Y. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of the present study was to develop the selection criteria of proton signals for the determination of scutellarin using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), which is the main bioactive compound in breviscapine preparations for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. The methyl singlet signal of 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt was selected as the internal standard for quantification. The molar concentration of scutellarin was determined by employing different proton signals. To obtain optimum proton signals for the quantification, different combinations of proton signals were investigated according to two selection criteria: the recovery rate of qNMR method and quantitative results compared …

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Delphinidin Immobilized On Silver Nanoparticles For The Simultaneous Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, Noradrenalin, Uric Acid, And Tryptophan, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, M. Dehghani, S. Makarem Jul 2020

Delphinidin Immobilized On Silver Nanoparticles For The Simultaneous Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, Noradrenalin, Uric Acid, And Tryptophan, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, M. Dehghani, S. Makarem

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, the fabrication of a new modified electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation of noradrenalin, based on the delphinidin immobilized on silver nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the redox properties of this modified electrode. The surface charge transfer rate constant (ks) and the charge transfer coefficient (α) for the electron transfer between the glassy carbon electrode and the immobilized delphinidin were calculated. The differential pulse voltammetry exhibited two linear dynamic ranges and a detection limit of 0.40μM for noradrenalin determination. Moreover, the present electrode could separate the oxidation peak potentials of ascorbic acid, …

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Purification And Identification Of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides Derived From Simulated Gastrointestinal Digests Of Velvet Antler Protein (Cervus Elaphus Linnaeus), L. Zhao, X. Wang, X.-L. Zhang, Q.-F. Xie Jul 2020

Purification And Identification Of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides Derived From Simulated Gastrointestinal Digests Of Velvet Antler Protein (Cervus Elaphus Linnaeus), L. Zhao, X. Wang, X.-L. Zhang, Q.-F. Xie

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of this study was to identify anti-inflammatory peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digest (pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysate) of velvet antler protein. The hydrolysate was purified using ultrafiltration and consecutive chromatographic methods. The anti-inflammatory activity of the purified fraction was evaluated by the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Four anti-inflammatory peptides, VH (Val-His), LAN (Leu-Ala-Asn), AL (Ala-Leu), and IA (Ile-Ala), were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Each of these peptides demonstrated a U-shaped dose-effect relationship. VH, LAN, AL and IA showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activities at 200 μg/mL, that is, 15.5%, 13.0%, 16.0% and 11.2% inhibition of …

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Effect Of An Avocado Oil-Enhanced Diet (Persea Americana) On Sucrose-Induced Insulin Resistance In Wistar Rats, Toro-Equihua M. Del, R. Velasco-Rodríguez, R. López-Ascencio, C. Vásquez Jul 2020

Effect Of An Avocado Oil-Enhanced Diet (Persea Americana) On Sucrose-Induced Insulin Resistance In Wistar Rats, Toro-Equihua M. Del, R. Velasco-Rodríguez, R. López-Ascencio, C. Vásquez

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of vegetable oils with varying percentages of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin resistance. However, there is no report on the effect of avocado oil on this pathologic condition. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of avocado oil on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in Wistar rats. An experimental study was carried out on Wistar rats that were randomly assigned into six groups. Each group received a different diet over an 8-week period (n = 11 in each group): the control group was given a standard …

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Recent Progress On The Traditional Chinese Medicines That Regulate The Blood, H.-Y. Hung, T.-S. Wu Jul 2020

Recent Progress On The Traditional Chinese Medicines That Regulate The Blood, H.-Y. Hung, T.-S. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In traditional Chinese medicine, the herbs that regulate blood play a vital role. Here, nine herbs including Typhae Pollen, Notoginseng Root, Common Bletilla Tuber, India Madder Root and Rhizome, Chinese Arborvitae Twig, Lignum Dalbergiae Oderiferae, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Corydalis Tuber, and Motherwort Herb were selected and reviewed for their recent studies on anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects. Besides, the analytical methods developed to qualify or quantify the active compounds of the herbs are also summarized. Copyright © 2016, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

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Characterization Of Nine Polyphenols In Fruits Of Malus Pumila Mill By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, L. Bai, S. Guo, Q. Liu, X. Cui, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Yang, M. Hou, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai Jul 2020

Characterization Of Nine Polyphenols In Fruits Of Malus Pumila Mill By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, L. Bai, S. Guo, Q. Liu, X. Cui, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Yang, M. Hou, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Polyphenols are important bioactive substances in apple. To explore the profiles of the nine representative polyphenols in this fruit, a high-performance liquid chromatography method has been established and validated. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous characterization and quantification of these nine apple polyphenols in 11 apple extracts, which were obtained from six cultivars from Shaanxi Province, China. The results showed that only abscission of the Fuji apple sample was rich in the nine apple polyphenols, and the polyphenol contents of other samples varied. Although all the samples were collected in the same region, the contents of nine …

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Dietary Antioxidants And Their Indispensable Role In Periodontal Health, G. Kaur, R. Kathariya, S. Bansal, A. Singh, D. Shahakar Jul 2020

Dietary Antioxidants And Their Indispensable Role In Periodontal Health, G. Kaur, R. Kathariya, S. Bansal, A. Singh, D. Shahakar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Periodontitis is an increasing area of interest due to its global prevalence. This inflammatory condition results due to the loss of the critical balance between the virulence factors produced by microorganisms and the inflammatory host response. A number of efforts have been made in the past to address this condition and regain periodontal health. Targeting the root cause by nonsurgical debridement has been considered the gold standard. However, research has shown the possible effects of nutrient deficiency and an imbalanced diet on the periodontium. Therefore, an effort toward the maintenance of optimal conditions as well as improvement of the oral …

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The Analytical Determination And Electrochemiluminescence Behavior Of Amoxicillin, L.-H. Shen, H.-N. Wang, P.-J. Chen, C.-X. Yu, Y.-D. Liang, C.-X. Zhang Jul 2020

The Analytical Determination And Electrochemiluminescence Behavior Of Amoxicillin, L.-H. Shen, H.-N. Wang, P.-J. Chen, C.-X. Yu, Y.-D. Liang, C.-X. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophor of amoxicillin was studied and found to generate ECL following the oxidation or reduction of amoxicillin. The amoxicillin oxidation state was also found to eliminate the reduction state, generating ECL. When solutions of amoxicillin were scanned between +1.5 V and -1.0 V with a graphite electrode in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide using KC1 as the supporting electrolyte, ECL emissions were observed at potentials of -0.7 V and +0.5 V. The ECL intensity at -0.7 V was enhanced by H2O2. Based on these findings, an ECL method for the determination of the amoxicillin concentration …

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Determination Of The Levels Of Two Types Of Neurotransmitter And The Anti-Migraine Effects Of Different Dose-Ratios Of Ligusticum Chuanxiong And Gastrodia Elata, Q. Wang, L. Shen, S.-Y. Ma, M.-W. Chen, X. Lin, Y.-L. Hong, Y. Feng Jul 2020

Determination Of The Levels Of Two Types Of Neurotransmitter And The Anti-Migraine Effects Of Different Dose-Ratios Of Ligusticum Chuanxiong And Gastrodia Elata, Q. Wang, L. Shen, S.-Y. Ma, M.-W. Chen, X. Lin, Y.-L. Hong, Y. Feng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC)-Gastrodia elata (GE) compatibility is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of migraine. It has been shown that the changes of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system are closely related to the pathogenesis of migraine; whether LC-GE compatibility might affect the neurotransmitters in migraine rats has not yet been studied. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector methods for quantification of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in rat brain were developed. The 5-HT was measured directly, while EAAs were determined by using dansyl chloride as precolumn derivative reagent. The validation of the …

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Chemopreventive Effect Of Myrtenal On Bacterial Enzyme Activity And The Development Of 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci In Wistar Rats, L.K. Booupathy, S. Venkatachalam, N. Natarajan, R. Thamaraiselvan, M. Arumugam, Periyasamy B. Maruthaiveeran Jul 2020

Chemopreventive Effect Of Myrtenal On Bacterial Enzyme Activity And The Development Of 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci In Wistar Rats, L.K. Booupathy, S. Venkatachalam, N. Natarajan, R. Thamaraiselvan, M. Arumugam, Periyasamy B. Maruthaiveeran

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Colon cancer remains as a serious health problem around the world despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Dietary fibers are considered to reduce the risk of colon cancer as they are converted to short chain fatty acids by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine, but imbalanced diet and high fat consumption may promote tumor formation at different sites, including the large bowel via increased bacterial enzymes activity. The present study was conducted to characterize the inhibitory action of myrtenal on bacterial enzymes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Experimental colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is histologically, morphologically, and anatomically …

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Fingerprints And Primary Structure Identification Of Corn Peptides By Hplc-Diode Array Detection And Hplc-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C. Wang, H. He, J.-L. Zhang, X. Li, Z.-L. Ma Jul 2020

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Fingerprints And Primary Structure Identification Of Corn Peptides By Hplc-Diode Array Detection And Hplc-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C. Wang, H. He, J.-L. Zhang, X. Li, Z.-L. Ma

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Corn peptides (CPs) are reported to have many biological functions, such as facilitating alcohol metabolism, antioxidation, antitumor, antihypertension, and hepatoprotection. To develop a method for quality control, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was applied. Twenty-eight common peaks were found in all the CPs of corn samples from Enshi, China, based on which, a fingerprinting chromatogram was established for use in quality control in future research. Subsequently, the major chemical constituents of these common peaks were identified respectively using the HPLC-diode-array detection electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DAD-ESI-MS/MS) system, and 48 peptide fractions were determined ultimately. This was the first …

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Determination Of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), And Ni (Nickel) In Chinese Tea With High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, W.-S. Zhong, T. Ren, L.-J. Zhao Jul 2020

Determination Of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), And Ni (Nickel) In Chinese Tea With High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, W.-S. Zhong, T. Ren, L.-J. Zhao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The contents of lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel were determined in 25 tea samples from China, including green, yellow, white, oolong, black, Pu'er, and jasmine tea products, using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The methods used for sample preparation, digestion, and quantificational analysis were established, generating satisfactory analytical precisions (represented by relative standard deviations ranging from 0.6% to 2.5%) and recoveries (98.91-101.32%). The lead contents in tea leaves were 0.48-10.57 mg/kg, and 80% of these values were below the maximum values stated by the guidelines in China. The contents of cadmium and chromium ranged from 0.01 …

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Rapid Confirmatory Analysis Of Avermectin Residues In Milk By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, N. Ozdemir, T. Kahraman Jul 2020

Rapid Confirmatory Analysis Of Avermectin Residues In Milk By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, N. Ozdemir, T. Kahraman

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Our study developed a quick method for confirmatory analysis of avermectins (abamectin B1a, doramectin, ivermectin B1a, eprinomectin B1a, and moxidectin) in bovine milk according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Avermectins were liquid-liquid extracted with acetonitrile, followed by an evaporation step, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. An in-house method validation was performed and the data reported on specificity, linearity, recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, decision limit, and detection capability. The advantage of this method is that low levels of avermectins are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a …

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Fabrication Of A Novel Electrochemical Sensor For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Different Fruit Juice Samples, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, A. Nazari, M. Tabatabaee Jul 2020

Fabrication Of A Novel Electrochemical Sensor For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Different Fruit Juice Samples, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, A. Nazari, M. Tabatabaee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor is fabricated based on a multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT-GCE) and reactive blue 19 (RB). The charge transfer coefficient, α, and the charge transfer rate constant, ks, of RB adsorbed on MWCNT-GCE were calculated and found to be 0.44 ± 0.01 Hz and 1.9 ± 0.05 Hz, respectively. The catalysis of the electroreduction of H2O2 by RB-MWCNT-GCE is described. The RB-MWCNT-GCE shows a dramatic increase in the peak current and a decrease in the overvoltage of H2O2 electroreduction in comparison with that seen at an RB modified GCE, MWCNT modified GCE, and …

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Nanomaterial-Based Sensors For Detection Of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens And Toxins As Well As Pork Adulteration In Meat Products, Inbaraj B. Stephen, B.H. Chen Jul 2020

Nanomaterial-Based Sensors For Detection Of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens And Toxins As Well As Pork Adulteration In Meat Products, Inbaraj B. Stephen, B.H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Food safety draws considerable attention in the modern pace of the world owing to rapid-changing food recipes and food habits. Foodborne illnesses associated with pathogens, toxins, and other contaminants pose serious threat to human health. Besides, a large amount of money is spent on both analyses and control measures, which causes significant loss to the food industry. Conventional detection methods for bacterial pathogens and toxins are time consuming and laborious, requiring certain sophisticated instruments and trained personnel. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for solving food safety issues in terms of detecting contaminants, enabling controlled release …

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Pacific Oyster-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Allergen-Induced Intestinal Inflammation In A Murine Model Of Food Allergy, C.-H. Cheng, H.-Y. Wu, C.-F. Wu, T.-R. Jan Jul 2020

Pacific Oyster-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Allergen-Induced Intestinal Inflammation In A Murine Model Of Food Allergy, C.-H. Cheng, H.-Y. Wu, C.-F. Wu, T.-R. Jan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Oyster-derived polysaccharides (OPS) have been shown to modulate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 immunobalance toward the Th1-dominant direction in antigen-primed splenocytes. In the present study, we hypothesized that OPS might attenuate intestinal inflammation associated with food allergy, a Th2-dominant immune disorder. BALB/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) absorbed to alum and then repeatedly challenged with intragastric OVA to induce intestinal allergic responses. The mice were administered by gavage with OPS and/or vehicle (distilled water) once/d during the two sensitization phases, and once every other day during the challenge phase. Administration with OPS attenuated OVA challenge-elicited diarrhea, and the infiltration …

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Determination Of Histamine In Milkfish Stick Implicated In Food-Borne Poisoning, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-H. Wu, H.-M. Hsu, H.-C. Chen, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Determination Of Histamine In Milkfish Stick Implicated In Food-Borne Poisoning, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-H. Wu, H.-M. Hsu, H.-C. Chen, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An incident of food-borne poisoning causing illness in 37 victims due to ingestion of fried fish sticks occurred in September 2014, in Tainan city, southern Taiwan. Leftovers of the victims' fried fish sticks and 16 other raw fish stick samples from retail stores were collected and tested to determine the occurrence of histamine and histamine-forming bacteria. Two suspected fried fish samples contained 86.6 mg/100 g and 235.0 mg/100 g histamine; levels that are greater than the potential hazard action level (50 mg/100 g) in most illness cases. Given the allergy-like symptoms of the victims and the high histamine content in …

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Isolation Of Eugenyl Β-Primeveroside From Camellia Sasanqua And Its Anticancer Activity In Pc3 Prostate Cancer Cells, C.-C. Wang, C.-T. Ho, S.-C. Lee, T.-D. Way Jul 2020

Isolation Of Eugenyl Β-Primeveroside From Camellia Sasanqua And Its Anticancer Activity In Pc3 Prostate Cancer Cells, C.-C. Wang, C.-T. Ho, S.-C. Lee, T.-D. Way

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Most studies of tea trees have focused on their ornamental properties, there are fewer published studies on their medical values. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical constituents and the biological potential of the water extract of leaves in eight species of Camellia including Camellia sinensis. Among eight Camellia species, Camellia sasanqua showed potent anticancer activities in prostate cancer PC3 cells. In addition to catechins, the major component, eugenyl β-primeveroside was detected in C. sasanqua. Eugenyl β-primeveroside blocked the progression of cell cycle at G1 phase by inducing p53 expression and further upregulating p21 expression. Moreover, eugenyl …

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Chemical Quality Evaluation Of Antrodia Cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Using Phytomics Similarity Index Analysis, C.-H. Chung, S.-C. Yeh, H.-C. Tseng, M.-L. Siu, K.-T. Lee Jul 2020

Chemical Quality Evaluation Of Antrodia Cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Using Phytomics Similarity Index Analysis, C.-H. Chung, S.-C. Yeh, H.-C. Tseng, M.-L. Siu, K.-T. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The fruiting body of Antrodia cinnamomea is used as a medicinal mushroom in Taiwan and is found on the inner cavity of the endemic species Cinnamomum kanehirai. In this study, phytomics similarity index (PSI) analysis was employed for the chemical quality evaluation of the A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies from different strains, and grown on various substrates. The results indicated that the different types of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies contain eight index compounds, and that it was difficult to discriminate between them solely on the basis of those index compounds. In our research, we used PSI scores to assess the metabolite …

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Myrciaria Cauliflora Extracts Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy Involving The Ras Signaling Pathway In Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide Mice On A High Fat Diet, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, Y.-C. Shin, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang Jul 2020

Myrciaria Cauliflora Extracts Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy Involving The Ras Signaling Pathway In Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide Mice On A High Fat Diet, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, Y.-C. Shin, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and its mortality is continuously increasing worldwide. Previous studies indicate that reactive oxygen species play an important role in high glucose-induced renal injury. Myrciaria cauliflora has been reported as a functional food rich in anthocyanins possessing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study examined whether M. cauliflora extracts (MCE) can attenuate diabetic nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. First, the composition of the anthocyanins and polyphenols of MCE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. One hundred mg/kg of streptozotocin and 240 mg/kg nicotinamide were administered to …

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Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activities Of 11 Herbal Plants From Hyrcania Region, Iran, H. Dehghan, Y. Sarrafi, P. Salehi Jul 2020

Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activities Of 11 Herbal Plants From Hyrcania Region, Iran, H. Dehghan, Y. Sarrafi, P. Salehi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, and total phenolic contents of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of various parts of Allium paradoxum, Buxus hyrcana, Convolvulus persicus, Eryngium caucasicum, Heracleum persicum, Pimpinella affinis, Parrotia persica, Primula heterochroma, Pyrus boissieriana, Ruscus hyrcanus, and Smilax excelsa were investigated. These plants, which mostly serve as food flavoring, were collected from Hyrcania region, Sari, Iran. Some extracts of H. persicum, S. excels, P. boissieriana, P. persica, and P. heterochroma exhibited significant antidiabetic activities in α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays, more effective than acarbose (concentrations that cause 50% inhibition = …

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Effects Of Calcium Supplements On The Quality And Acrylamide Content Of Puffed Shrimp Chips, T.-Y. Chen, H.-M. Luo, P.-H. Hsu, W.-C. Sung Jul 2020

Effects Of Calcium Supplements On The Quality And Acrylamide Content Of Puffed Shrimp Chips, T.-Y. Chen, H.-M. Luo, P.-H. Hsu, W.-C. Sung

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The quality and acrylamide content of deep-fried and microwave-puffed shrimp chips fortified with 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% calcium salts (calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, or calcium acetate) were investigated. Microwave-puffed shrimp chips contained higher amounts of acrylamide (130.43 ppb) than did deep-fried shrimp chips. The greatest mitigation of acrylamide formation in overfried chips was obtained with 0.1% calcium lactate. All browning indexes of fortified shrimp chips, whether deep-fried or microwave-puffed, were reduced. L∗values of microwave-puffed shrimp chips were higher than those of deep-fried shrimp chips, whereas a∗and b∗values and browning indexes were lower. Color differences (ΔE) between deep-fried puffed …

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Reduction Of Histamine And Biogenic Amines During Salted Fish Fermentation By Bacillus Polymyxa As A Starter Culture, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-Y. Huang, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Reduction Of Histamine And Biogenic Amines During Salted Fish Fermentation By Bacillus Polymyxa As A Starter Culture, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-Y. Huang, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Bacillus polymyxa D05-1, isolated from salted fish product and possessing amine degrading activity, was used as a starter culture in salted fish fermentation in this study. Fermentation was held at 35°C for 120 days. The water activity in control samples (without starter culture) and inoculated samples (inoculated with B. polymyxa D05-1) remained constant throughout fermentation, whereas the pH value rose slightly during fermentation. Salt contents in both samples were constant in the range of 17.5-17.8% during the first 60 days of fermentation and thereafter increased slowly. The inoculated samples had considerably lower levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (p < 0.05) than control samples at each sampling time during 120 days of fermentation. Aerobic bacterial counts in inoculated samples were retarded during the first 60 days of fermentation and thereafter increased slowly, whereas those of control samples increased rapidly with increased fermentation time. However, the aerobic bacterial counts of control samples were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of inoculated samples after 40 days of fermentation. In general, overall biogenic amine contents (including histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine) in the control samples were markedly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the inoculated samples throughout fermentation. After 120 days of fermentation, the histamine and overall biogenic amine contents in the inoculated samples were reduced by 34.0% and 30.0%, respectively, compared to control samples. These results emphasize that the application of starter culture with amines degrading activity in salted fish products was effective in reducing biogenic amine accumulation. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

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Comparing Determination Methods Of Detection And Quantification Limits For Aflatoxin Analysis In Hazelnut, Ü. Şengül Jul 2020

Comparing Determination Methods Of Detection And Quantification Limits For Aflatoxin Analysis In Hazelnut, Ü. Şengül

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hazelnut is a type of plant that grows in wet and humid climatic conditions. Adverse climatic conditions result in the formation of aflatoxin in hazelnuts during the harvesting, drying, and storing processes. Aflatoxin is considered an important food contaminant, which makes aflatoxin analysis important in the international produce trade. For this reason, validation is important for the analysis of aflatoxin in hazelnuts. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important parameters in validation. In this study, the LOD and LOQ values have been determined using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) Method 991.31, which …

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Use, History, And Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis Of Aconitum, M. El-Shazly, C.-J. Tai, T.-Y. Wu, D. Csupor, J. Hohmann, F.-R. Chang, Y.-C. Wu Jul 2020

Use, History, And Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis Of Aconitum, M. El-Shazly, C.-J. Tai, T.-Y. Wu, D. Csupor, J. Hohmann, F.-R. Chang, Y.-C. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) …

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Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a naturally occurring toxin in food, especially in puffer fish. TTX poisoning is observed frequently in South East Asian regions. In TTX-derived food poisoning outbreaks, the amount of TTX recovered from suspicious fish samples or leftovers, and residual levels from biological fluids of victims are typically trace. However, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods have been demonstrated to qualitatively and quantitatively determine TTX in clinical samples from victims. Identification and validation of the TTX-originating seafood species responsible for a food poisoning incident is needed. A polymerase chain reaction-based method on mitochondrial DNA analysis is …

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Mycotoxin Monitoring For Commercial Foodstuffs In Taiwan, M.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Hsu, T.-S. Wang, S.-W. Chien Jul 2020

Mycotoxin Monitoring For Commercial Foodstuffs In Taiwan, M.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Hsu, T.-S. Wang, S.-W. Chien

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mycotoxins are toxic food contaminants that are naturally produced by certain fungi. They induce negative effects on human health by making food unsafe for consumption. In this study, analyses were performed to determine the levels and incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut products, tree nuts, spices, and Coix seeds; ochratoxin A (OTA) in wheat and roasted coffee, as well as OTA and AFs in rice; and citrinin (CIT) in red yeast rice (RYR) products. A total of 712 samples from nine different food categories were collected between 2012 and 2013. The samples were analyzed over 2 years for AFs, OTA, …

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Analysis Of Aroma Compounds And Nutrient Contents Of Mabolo (Diospyros Blancoi A. Dc.), An Ethnobotanical Fruit Of Austronesian Taiwan, S.-F. Hung, S.-F. Roan, T.-L. Chang, H.-B. King, I.-Z. Chen Jul 2020

Analysis Of Aroma Compounds And Nutrient Contents Of Mabolo (Diospyros Blancoi A. Dc.), An Ethnobotanical Fruit Of Austronesian Taiwan, S.-F. Hung, S.-F. Roan, T.-L. Chang, H.-B. King, I.-Z. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diospyros blancoi A. DC. is an evergreen tree species of high-quality wood. Mabolo, the fruit of this plant, is popular among the natives in Taiwan, but its potential in economic use has not been fully explored. Mabolo has a rich aroma. Of the 39 different volatile compounds isolated, its intact fruit and peel were found to both contain 24 compounds, whereas the pulp contained 28 compounds. The most important aroma compounds were esters and α-farnesene. Our data show that mabolo is rich in dietary fiber (3.2%), and the contents of other nutrients such as malic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, …

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Perspectives On Genetically Modified Crops And Food Detection, C.-H. Lin, T.-M. Pan Jul 2020

Perspectives On Genetically Modified Crops And Food Detection, C.-H. Lin, T.-M. Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Genetically modified (GM) crops are a major product of the global food industry. From 1996 to 2014, 357 GM crops were approved and the global value of the GM crop market reached 35% of the global commercial seed market in 2014. However, the rapid growth of the GM crop-based industry has also created controversies in many regions, including the European Union, Egypt, and Taiwan. The effective detection and regulation of GM crops/foods are necessary to reduce the impact of these controversies. In this review, the status of GM crops and the technology for their detection are discussed. As the primary …

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