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Articles 721 - 750 of 1074

Full-Text Articles in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics

Phytochemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Of The Essential Oils From Different Parts Of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.), X.-F. Yue, X. Shang, Z.-J. Zhang, Y.-N. Zhang Jul 2020

Phytochemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Of The Essential Oils From Different Parts Of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.), X.-F. Yue, X. Shang, Z.-J. Zhang, Y.-N. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Essential oils from the seed, pulp, and leaf of sea buckthorn were obtained with hydrodistillation, and their phytochemical composition was analyzed through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the oils was tested on five food-borne bacteria by spectrometry and evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. The results indicate that the composition of all essential oils is dominated by free fatty acids, esters, and alkanes. Minimum inhibitory concentration values on each bacterium were obtained for oils from different parts. The oils from different parts exhibited nearly equal inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The pulp oil was found to …

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Relation Between Salt Tolerance And Biochemical Changes In Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seeds, Rebey I. Bettaieb, S. Bourgou, F.Z. Rahali, K. Msaada, R. Ksouri, B. Marzouk Jul 2020

Relation Between Salt Tolerance And Biochemical Changes In Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seeds, Rebey I. Bettaieb, S. Bourgou, F.Z. Rahali, K. Msaada, R. Ksouri, B. Marzouk

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, the effects of salinity on growth, fatty acid, essential oil, and phenolic composition of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds as well as the antioxidant activities of their extracts were investigated. Plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl treatment: 0, 50, 75, and 125 mmoL. Plant growth was significantly reduced with the severity of saline treatment. This also caused important reductions in the seed yield and yield components. Besides, NaCl treatments affected fatty acid composition. Petroselinic and linoleic acids proportions diminished consistently with the increase in NaCl concentration, whereas palmitic acid proportion increased. Furthermore, NaCl enhanced essential …

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Study On The Interaction Of Bioactive Compound S-Allyl Cysteine From Garlic With Serum Albumin, Y.-E. Sun, W.-D. Wang Jul 2020

Study On The Interaction Of Bioactive Compound S-Allyl Cysteine From Garlic With Serum Albumin, Y.-E. Sun, W.-D. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Multispectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) from garlic with human serum albumin (HSA). UV–Vis absorption measurements prove the formation of the HSA–SAC complex. An analysis of fluorescence spectra revealed that in the presence of SAC, the quenching mechanism of HSA is considered static. The quenching rate constant Kq, KSV, and the binding constant KA were estimated. According to the Van't Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were calculated to be −1.00 × 105 J/mol and −255 J/mol/K, respectively. These indicate that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces …

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Development Of Validated High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography For Quantification Of Aristolochic Acid In Different Species Of The Aristolochiaceae Family, P. Agrawal, K. Laddha Jul 2020

Development Of Validated High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography For Quantification Of Aristolochic Acid In Different Species Of The Aristolochiaceae Family, P. Agrawal, K. Laddha

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was undertaken to isolate and quantify aristolochic acid in Aristolochia indica stem and Apama siliquosa root. Aristolochic acid is an important biomarker component present in the Aristolochiaceae family. The isolation method involved simple solvent extraction, precipitation and further purification, using recrystallization. The structure of the compound was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. A specific and rapid high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for analysis of aristolochic acid. The method involved separation on the silica gel 60 F254 plates using the single solvent system of n-hexane: chloroform: methanol. The method showed good …

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Phenolic Constituents Of Pulicaria Undulata (L.) C.A. Mey. Sub Sp. Undulata (Asteraceae): Antioxidant Protective Effects And Chemosystematic Significances, S.R. Hussein, M.M. Marzouk, M.M. Soltan, E.K. Ahmed, M.M. Said, A.R. Hamed Jul 2020

Phenolic Constituents Of Pulicaria Undulata (L.) C.A. Mey. Sub Sp. Undulata (Asteraceae): Antioxidant Protective Effects And Chemosystematic Significances, S.R. Hussein, M.M. Marzouk, M.M. Soltan, E.K. Ahmed, M.M. Said, A.R. Hamed

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

One new naturally isoflavone compound, 5,7,2′,3′,4′ penta hydroxyl isoflavone-4′-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated from the aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Pulicaria undulata subsp. undulata, together with seven known compounds: kaempferol (2), kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside (3), quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-β-galactoside (6), quercetin 3,7-di OCH3 (7), and caffeic acid (8). Their structures were established through chemical (acid hydrolysis) and spectral analysis (UV, NMR, and ESIM). The AME and some isolated compounds were evaluated as protective agents. Free radical scavenging using a microscaled 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay was used to assess the direct antioxidant properties that were evaluated by the ability to protect murine …

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Pharmacokinetic Interactions Of Herbal Medicines For The Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis, T.-P. Hsueh, W.-L. Lin, T.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Pharmacokinetic Interactions Of Herbal Medicines For The Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis, T.-P. Hsueh, W.-L. Lin, T.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chronic liver disease is a serious global health problem, and an increasing number of patients are seeking alternative medicines or complementary treatment. Herbal medicines account for 16.8% of patients with chronic liver disease who use complementary and alternative therapies. A survey of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan reported that Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xia-Yao-San, and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Sho-saiko-to) were the most frequent formula prescriptions for chronic hepatitis used by traditional Chinese medicine physicians. Bioanalytical methods of herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis were developed to investigate pharmacokinetics properties, but multicomponent herbal formulas have been seldom discussed. The pharmacokinetics of …

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Albendazole Residues In Goat's Milk: Interferences In Microbial Inhibitor Tests Used To Detect Antibiotics In Milk, T. Romero, R. Althaus, V.J. Moya, M.D.C. Beltrán, W. Reybroeck, M.P. Molina Jul 2020

Albendazole Residues In Goat's Milk: Interferences In Microbial Inhibitor Tests Used To Detect Antibiotics In Milk, T. Romero, R. Althaus, V.J. Moya, M.D.C. Beltrán, W. Reybroeck, M.P. Molina

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Albendazole (ABZ) residues in goat's milk and their effect on the response of microbial inhibitor tests used for screening antibiotics were evaluated. A total of 18 Murciano-Granadina goats were treated with ABZ and individually milked once a day over a 7-day period. ABZ quantification was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The ABZ parent drug was not detected. The maximum concentration of its metabolites (ABZ sulfoxide, ABZ sulfone, and ABZ 2-aminosulfone) was reached on the 1st day post treatment (260.0 ± 70.1 μg/kg, 112.8 ± 28.7 μg/kg, 152.0 ± 23.6 μg/kg, respectively), decreasing to lower than the maximum residue limit …

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Recent Advances In Oral Delivery Of Drugs And Bioactive Natural Products Using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles As The Carriers, C.-H. Lin, C.-H. Chen, Z.-C. Lin, J.-Y. Fang Jul 2020

Recent Advances In Oral Delivery Of Drugs And Bioactive Natural Products Using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles As The Carriers, C.-H. Lin, C.-H. Chen, Z.-C. Lin, J.-Y. Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chemical and enzymatic barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract hamper the oral delivery of many labile drugs. The GI epithelium also contributes to poor permeability for numerous drugs. Drugs with poor aqueous solubility have difficulty dissolving in the GI tract, resulting in low bioavailability. Nanomedicine provides an opportunity to improve the delivery efficiency of orally administered drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are categorized as a new generation of lipid nanoparticles consisting of a complete solid lipid matrix. SLNs used for oral administration offer several benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged half-life, …

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Smog Induces Oxidative Stress And Microbiota Disruption, T.-Y. Wong Jul 2020

Smog Induces Oxidative Stress And Microbiota Disruption, T.-Y. Wong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Smog is created through the interactions between pollutants in the air, fog, and sunlight. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, heavy metals, nitrogen oxides, ozone, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic vapors, and particulate matters, can induce oxidative stress in human directly or indirectly through the formation of reactive oxygen species. The outermost boundary of human skin and mucous layers are covered by a complex network of human-associated microbes. The relation between these microbial communities and their human host are mostly mutualistic. These microbes not only provide nutrients, vitamins, and protection against other pathogens, they also influence human's physical, immunological, nutritional, and …

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Nanostructures: Current Uses And Future Applications In Food Science, K. Pathakoti, M. Manubolu, H.-M. Hwang Jul 2020

Nanostructures: Current Uses And Future Applications In Food Science, K. Pathakoti, M. Manubolu, H.-M. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology intend novel and innovative applications in the food sector, which is rather recent compared with their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Nanostructured materials are having applications in various sectors of the food science comprising nanosensors, new packaging materials, and encapsulated food components. Nanostructured systems in food include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and microemulsions. These materials enhance solubility, improve bioavailability, facilitate controlled release, and protect bioactive components during manufacture and storage. This review highlights the applications of nanostructured materials for their antimicrobial activity and possible mechanism of action against bacteria, including reactive oxygen species, …

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Corrigendum To “Hydrolysis Of Isoflavone In Black Soy Milk Using Cellulose Bead As Enzyme Immobilizer” [J Food Drug Anal (2016) 24 (788–795)] (S1021949816300485)(10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.03.007), K.-I. Chen, Y. Yao, H.-J. Chen, Y.-C. Lo, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

Corrigendum To “Hydrolysis Of Isoflavone In Black Soy Milk Using Cellulose Bead As Enzyme Immobilizer” [J Food Drug Anal (2016) 24 (788–795)] (S1021949816300485)(10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.03.007), K.-I. Chen, Y. Yao, H.-J. Chen, Y.-C. Lo, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

One affiliation of Kuan-Chen Cheng was missing. The affiliations should be increased “Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan”. © 2016

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Corrigendum To “Assessment Of The Pharmacokinetics, Removal Rate Of Hemodialysis, And Safety Of Lactulose In Hemodialysis Patients” [J Food Drug Anal (2016) 24 (876–880)] (S1021949816300783)(10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.05.007), C.-J. Lin, C.-F. Pan, S.-Y. Ju, H.-K. Tzeng, S.-W. Chen, J.-T. Syu, C.-J. Wu Jul 2020

Corrigendum To “Assessment Of The Pharmacokinetics, Removal Rate Of Hemodialysis, And Safety Of Lactulose In Hemodialysis Patients” [J Food Drug Anal (2016) 24 (876–880)] (S1021949816300783)(10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.05.007), C.-J. Lin, C.-F. Pan, S.-Y. Ju, H.-K. Tzeng, S.-W. Chen, J.-T. Syu, C.-J. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Two affiliations of Chih-Jen Wu were missing. The affiliations should be increased “Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan” and “Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan”. © 2016

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Classification And Regulatory Perspectives Of Dietary Fiber, F.-J. Dai, C.-F. Chau Jul 2020

Classification And Regulatory Perspectives Of Dietary Fiber, F.-J. Dai, C.-F. Chau

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This review discusses the history and evolution of the state of dietary fiber (DF) with account of refinements in extraction methods and legal definitions subsequent to the launch of DF hypothesis. For a long time, defining and regulating DFs relied heavily on their chemical compositions and analytical methods. Although chemical compositions and analytical methods still play an important role in the definition of DF, physiological activity has also been taken into consideration. The precise definition of DF is still evolving, particularly whether oligosaccharides degrees of polymerization (DP) 3–9 should be considered as DF or not. Decades of scientific research have …

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Bioactive Phytochemicals In Barley, E. Idehen, Y. Tang, S. Sang Jul 2020

Bioactive Phytochemicals In Barley, E. Idehen, Y. Tang, S. Sang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that regular consumption of whole grain barley reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases. The presence of barley fiber, especially β-glucan in whole grain barley, has been largely credited for these health benefits. However, it is now widely believed that the actions of the fiber component alone do not explain the observed health benefits associated with the consumption of whole grain barley. Whole grain barley also contains phytochemicals including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, tocols, phytosterols, and folate. These phytochemicals exhibit strong antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cholesterol lowering abilities, which are potentially useful in lowering the risk …

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Biological Actions And Molecular Effects Of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene, And 3′-Hydroxypterostilbene, H.-Y. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-K. Chen Jul 2020

Biological Actions And Molecular Effects Of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene, And 3′-Hydroxypterostilbene, H.-Y. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-K. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Stilbenes are a class of polyphenolic compounds, naturally found in a wide variety of dietary sources such as grapes, berries, peanuts, red wine, and some medicinal plants. There are several well-known stilbenes including trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene. The core chemical structure of stilbene compounds is 1,2-diphenylethylene. Recently, stilbenes have attracted extensive attention and interest due to their wide range of health-beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, -carcinogenic, -diabetes, and -dyslipidemia activities. Moreover, accumulating in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that stilbene compounds act as inducers of multiple cell-death pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy for chemopreventive …

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Chemistry And Bioactivity Of Gardenia Jasminoides, W. Xiao, S. Li, S. Wang, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Chemistry And Bioactivity Of Gardenia Jasminoides, W. Xiao, S. Li, S. Wang, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gardenia jasminoides, grown in multiple regions in China, was commonly used as a natural yellow dye but has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property a few decades ago. It has been reported that G. jasminoides possess multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic effect, inhibition of inflammation, antidepression activity, and improved sleeping quality. In this review, our aim was to have a comprehensive summary of its phytochemistry including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of volatiles and bioactive molecules in G. jasminoides, focusing on the two major phytochemicals, genipin and crocin, …

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Cellular Models For The Evaluation Of The Antiobesity Effect Of Selected Phytochemicals From Food And Herbs, Y.-C. Tung, P.-H. Hsieh, M.-H. Pan, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Cellular Models For The Evaluation Of The Antiobesity Effect Of Selected Phytochemicals From Food And Herbs, Y.-C. Tung, P.-H. Hsieh, M.-H. Pan, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Dietary phytochemicals from food and herbs have been studied for their health benefits for a long time. The incidence of obesity has seen an incredible increase worldwide. Although dieting, along with increased physical activity, seems an easy method in theory to manage obesity, it is hard to apply in real life. Obesity treatment drugs and surgery are not successful or targeted for everyone and can have significant side effects. This low rate of success is the major reason that the overweight as well as the pharmaceutical industry seek alternative methods, including phytochemicals. Therefore, more and more research has focused on …

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Phenolic Compounds And Biological Activities Of Small-Size Citrus: Kumquat And Calamondin, S.-N. Lou, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Phenolic Compounds And Biological Activities Of Small-Size Citrus: Kumquat And Calamondin, S.-N. Lou, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Kumquat and calamondin are two small-size citrus fruits. Owing to their health benefits, they are traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. However, the research on flavonoids and biological activities of kumquat and calamondin have received less attention. This review summarizes the reported quantitative and qualitative data of phenolic compositions in these two fruits. Effects of maturity, harvest time, various solvent extractions and heat treatment of phenolic compositions, and bioactivities were discussed; distributions of the forms of phenolic compounds existing in kumquat and calamondin were also summarized. Furthermore, biological activities, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antimetabolic disorder effects, …

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Food Macromolecule Based Nanodelivery Systems For Enhancing The Bioavailability Of Polyphenols, B. Hu, X. Liu, C. Zhang, X. Zeng Jul 2020

Food Macromolecule Based Nanodelivery Systems For Enhancing The Bioavailability Of Polyphenols, B. Hu, X. Liu, C. Zhang, X. Zeng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diet polyphenols—primarily categorized into flavonoids (e.g., flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavones) and nonflavonoids (with major subclasses of stilbenes and phenolic acids)—are reported to have health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticarcinoma, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cardioprotective properties. However, their applications in functional foods or medicine are limited because of their inefficient systemic delivery and poor oral bioavailability. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and resveratrol are the well-known representatives of the bioactive diet polyphenols but with poor bioavailability. Food macromolecule based nanoparticles have been fabricated using reassembled proteins, crosslinked polysaccharides, protein–polysaccharide conjugates (complexes), as well as emulsified lipid via safe procedures that could …

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Macrophages In Oxidative Stress And Models To Evaluate The Antioxidant Function Of Dietary Natural Compounds, O.A. Castaneda, S.-C. Lee, C.-T. Ho, T.-C. Huang Jul 2020

Macrophages In Oxidative Stress And Models To Evaluate The Antioxidant Function Of Dietary Natural Compounds, O.A. Castaneda, S.-C. Lee, C.-T. Ho, T.-C. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antioxidant testing of natural products has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the fact that an antioxidant-rich diet might provide health benefits. Activated macrophages are a major source of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite generated through the so-called respiratory burst. Constitutively released proinflammatory cytokine, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, triggers nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1 translocation leading to the over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in macrophages. Activation of transcription factors in the long-lived tissue-resident macrophages and/or monocyte-derived macrophages, trigger epigenetic modifications leading to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals including …

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Extraction, Bioavailability, And Bioefficacy Of Capsaicinoids, M. Lu, C.-T. Ho, Q. Huang Jul 2020

Extraction, Bioavailability, And Bioefficacy Of Capsaicinoids, M. Lu, C.-T. Ho, Q. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Capsaicinoids are active constituents responsible for the pungent and spicy flavor in chili peppers. During the past few decades, various extraction methods of capsaicinoids from peppers have been developed with high yields. Through biological studies, pharmacological benefits have been reported such as pain relief, antiinflammation, anticancer, cardio-protection, as well as weight loss. In this paper, the extraction methods and bioavailability of capsaicinoids are reviewed and discussed. In addition, the pharmacological effects and their underlying mechanisms are also studied. © 2016

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Multifunctions Of Dietary Polyphenols In The Regulation Of Intestinal Inflammation, M. Shimizu Jul 2020

Multifunctions Of Dietary Polyphenols In The Regulation Of Intestinal Inflammation, M. Shimizu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Food for specified health use is a type of functional food approved by the Japanese government, with more than 1250 products in 10 health-claim categories being approved as of April 2016. Polyphenols are currently used as functional ingredients in seven of the 10 categories. Although they have not yet been used for the food-for-specified-health-use category of “gut health promotion,” polyphenols are expected to contribute to the future development of gut-modulating food. Intestinal functions include digestion/absorption, acting as a barrier, recognition of external factors, and signal transduction. Owing to incessant exposure to external stress factors including food substances, bacteria, and environmental …

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Autophagy-Inducing Effect Of Pterostilbene: A Prospective Therapeutic/Preventive Option For Skin Diseases, R.-J. Chen, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-L. Yeh, W.-S. Wu, C.-T. Ho, C.-Y. Li, B.-J. Wang, Y.-J. Wang Jul 2020

Autophagy-Inducing Effect Of Pterostilbene: A Prospective Therapeutic/Preventive Option For Skin Diseases, R.-J. Chen, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-L. Yeh, W.-S. Wu, C.-T. Ho, C.-Y. Li, B.-J. Wang, Y.-J. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol with many health benefits. These health benefits are associated with its antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and chemopreventive effects attributed to its unique structure. The skin cancer chemopreventive potential of pterostilbene is supported by a variety of mechanistic studies confirming the anti-inflammatory effects in skin cancer models. Molecular biological studies have identified that pterostilbene targets pleotropic signaling pathways, including those involved in mitogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Recently, pterostilbene has been reported to induce autophagy in cancer and normal cells. Through autophagy induction, the inflammatory-related skin diseases can be attenuated. This finding …

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Techniques And Methods To Study Functional Characteristics Of Emulsion Systems, Y.-T. Hu, Y. Ting, J.-Y. Hu, S.-C. Hsieh Jul 2020

Techniques And Methods To Study Functional Characteristics Of Emulsion Systems, Y.-T. Hu, Y. Ting, J.-Y. Hu, S.-C. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

With the growing popularity of the functional food market, bioactive ingredients from natural sources are discovered one after another for their ability to promote better health and prevent chronic diseases. Emulsion, widely occurring in many food systems, has become a popular vehicle to facilitate the incorporation of bioactive components into the food system. Depending on the designated functionality, an emulsion can be developed with various physical and chemical properties. To ensure the successful development of a high-quality emulsion-based system to serve their purpose in food, knowledge of the analytical methods that could efficiently evaluate their quality parameters is important for …

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Chemistry And Health Effects Of Furanocoumarins In Grapefruit, W.-L. Hung, J.H. Suh, Y. Wang Jul 2020

Chemistry And Health Effects Of Furanocoumarins In Grapefruit, W.-L. Hung, J.H. Suh, Y. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Furanocoumarins are a specific group of secondary metabolites that commonly present in higher plants, such as citrus plants. The major furanocoumarins found in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) include bergamottin, epoxybergamottin, and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin. During biosynthesis of these furanocoumarins, coumarins undergo biochemical modifications corresponding to a prenylation reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes with the subsequent formation of furan rings. Because of undesirable interactions with several medications, many studies have developed methods for grapefruit furanocoumarin quantification that include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometry. The distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruits is affected by several environmental conditions, such as …

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Polyphenols With Antiglycation Activity And Mechanisms Of Action: A Review Of Recent Findings, W.-J. Yeh, S.-M. Hsia, W.-H. Lee, C.-H. Wu Jul 2020

Polyphenols With Antiglycation Activity And Mechanisms Of Action: A Review Of Recent Findings, W.-J. Yeh, S.-M. Hsia, W.-H. Lee, C.-H. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are substances composed of amino groups of proteins and reducing sugars. The initial and propagation phases of the glycation process are accompanied by the production of a large amount of free radicals, carbonyl species, and reactive dicarbonyl species, of which, methylglyoxal (MG) is the most reactive and can cause dicarbonyl stress, influencing normal physiological functions. In the advanced phase, the production of AGEs and the interaction between AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, are also considered to be among the causes of chronic diseases, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction. Till date, multiple physiological activities of polyphenols …

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Black Garlic: A Critical Review Of Its Production, Bioactivity, And Application, S. Kimura, Y.-C. Tung, M.-H. Pan, N.-W. Su, Y.-J. Lai, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

Black Garlic: A Critical Review Of Its Production, Bioactivity, And Application, S. Kimura, Y.-C. Tung, M.-H. Pan, N.-W. Su, Y.-J. Lai, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Black garlic is obtained from fresh garlic (Allium sativum L.) that has been fermented for a period of time at a controlled high temperature (60–90°C) under controlled high humidity (80–90%). When compared with fresh garlic, black garlic does not release a strong offensive flavor owing to the reduced content of allicin. Enhanced bioactivity of black garlic compared with that of fresh garlic is attributed to its changes in physicochemical properties. Studies concerning the fundamental findings of black garlic, such as its production, bioactivity, and applications, have thus been conducted. Several types of black garlic products are also available in the …

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Biopharmaceutical Potentials Of Prosopis Spp. (Mimosaceae, Leguminosa), S. Henciya, P. Seturaman, A.R. James, Y.-H. Tsai, R. Nikam, Y.-C. Wu, H.-U. Dahms, F.R. Chang Jul 2020

Biopharmaceutical Potentials Of Prosopis Spp. (Mimosaceae, Leguminosa), S. Henciya, P. Seturaman, A.R. James, Y.-H. Tsai, R. Nikam, Y.-C. Wu, H.-U. Dahms, F.R. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Prosopis is a commercially important plant genus, which has been used since ancient times, particularly for medicinal purposes. Traditionally, Paste, gum, and smoke from leaves and pods are applied for anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial purposes. Components of Prosopis such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, or phenolic compounds demonstrate potentials in various biofunctions, such as analgesic, anthelmintic, antibiotic, antiemetic, microbial antioxidant, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antipustule, and antiulcer activities; enhancement of H+, K+, ATPases; oral disinfection; and probiotic and nutritional effects; as well as in other biopharmaceutical applications, such as binding abilities for tablet production. The compound juliflorine provides a cure in …

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Functional Study Of Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordycepin In Male Reproduction: A Review, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, B.-S. Pan, M.-M. Chang, B.-M. Huang Jul 2020

Functional Study Of Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordycepin In Male Reproduction: A Review, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, B.-S. Pan, M.-M. Chang, B.-M. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cordyceps sinensis has various biological and pharmacological functions, and it has been claimed as a tonic supplement for sexual and reproductive dysfunctions for a long time in oriental society. In this article, the in vitro and in vivo effects of C. sinensis and cordycepin on mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis are briefly described, the stimulatory mechanisms are summarized, and the recent findings related to the alternative substances regulating male reproductive functions are also discussed. © 2016

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Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity, J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan Jul 2020

Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity, J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Contaminants (or pollutants) that affect human health have become an important issue, spawning a myriad of studies on how to prevent harmful contaminant-induced effects. Recently, a variety of biological functions of natural dietary compounds derived from consumed foods and plants have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Natural dietary compounds exhibited several beneficial effects for the prevention of disease and the inhibition of chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Contaminant-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis are mostly attributed to the mutagenic activity of reactive metabolites and the disruption of normal biological functions. Therefore, the metabolic regulation of hazardous chemicals is key to reducing contaminant-induced adverse …

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