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Articles 661 - 690 of 1010
Full-Text Articles in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
Anti-Oxidant Activity And Major Chemical Component Analyses Of Twenty-Six Commercially Available Essential Oils, H.-F. Wang, K.-H. Yih, C.-H. Yang, K.-F. Huang
Anti-Oxidant Activity And Major Chemical Component Analyses Of Twenty-Six Commercially Available Essential Oils, H.-F. Wang, K.-H. Yih, C.-H. Yang, K.-F. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study analyzed 26 commercially available essential oils and their major chemical components to determine their antioxidant activity levels by measuring their total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power (RP), β-carotene bleaching (BCB) activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DFRS) ability. The clove bud and thyme borneol essential oils had the highest RP, BCB activity levels, and TPC values among the 26 commercial essential oils. Furthermore, of the 26 essential oils, the clove bud and ylang ylang complete essential oils had the highest TEAC values, and the clove bud and jasmine absolute essential oils had the …
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
There are 660 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides present in the plants, with approximately half being possible carcinogens. We previously reported that a set of four PA-derived DNA adducts is formed in the liver of rats administered a series of hepatocarcinogenic PAs and a PA N-oxide. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that this set of DNA adducts is a common biological biomarker of PA-induced liver tumor formation. In this study, we determined that rat liver microsomal metabolism of five hepatocarcinogenic PAs (lasiocarpine, retrorsine, riddelliine, monocrotaline, and heliotrine) and their corresponding PA N-oxides produced the same set of DNA …
Effects Of Electrolysis Time And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, Y.-F. Lu, S.-Y. Hsu
Effects Of Electrolysis Time And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, Y.-F. Lu, S.-Y. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrolysis time and electric potential on the chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water (DOW). DOW was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum–plated titanium anode and cathode. The results showed that chlorine concentration reached maximal level in the batch process. Prolonged electrolysis reduced chlorine concentration in the electrolyte and was detrimental to electrolysis efficiency, especially under high electric potential conditions. Therefore, the optimal choice of electrolysis time …
Extraction And Quantification Of Polyphenols From Kinnow (Citrus Reticulate L.) Peel Using Ultrasound And Maceration Techniques, M.N. Safdar, T. Kausar, S. Jabbar, A. Mumtaz, K. Ahad, A.A. Saddozai
Extraction And Quantification Of Polyphenols From Kinnow (Citrus Reticulate L.) Peel Using Ultrasound And Maceration Techniques, M.N. Safdar, T. Kausar, S. Jabbar, A. Mumtaz, K. Ahad, A.A. Saddozai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
An investigation was carried out to extract polyphenols from the peel of kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. The antioxidant potential of these polyphenols was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide radical scavenging assays; and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against bacterial strains Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest extraction yield was obtained through the solvent ethanol at 80% concentration level, whereas UAE was a more efficient technique and yielded comparatively higher polyphenol contents than maceration. Maximum polyphenols were extracted with 80% methanol [32.48 mg gallic acid …
Extraction Optimization Of Gallic Acid, (+)-Catechin, Procyanidin-B2, (–)-Epicatechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, And (–)-Epicatechin Gallate: Their Simultaneous Identification And Quantification In Saraca Asoca, T. Dhanani, R. Singh, S. Kumar
Extraction Optimization Of Gallic Acid, (+)-Catechin, Procyanidin-B2, (–)-Epicatechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, And (–)-Epicatechin Gallate: Their Simultaneous Identification And Quantification In Saraca Asoca, T. Dhanani, R. Singh, S. Kumar
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of the present investigation was to optimize extraction conditions for maximum recovery of bioactive phenolics from different parts of Saraca asoca. Extraction recovery was optimized using a mixture of methanol and water in different proportions. For identification and quantification of six analytes, a rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) photo diode array detection method was developed. UPLC separation was achieved in a gradient elution mode on a C18 column with acetonitrile and aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%, pH = 2.5). Extraction solvent for maximum recovery of analytes varied depending on the nature of matrices. The developed UPLC method …
Time Course Effects Of Fermentation On Fatty Acid And Volatile Compound Profiles Of Cheonggukjang Using New Soybean Cultivars, K.M. Cho, H.-J. Lim, M.-S. Kim, D.S. Kim, C.E. Hwang, S.H. Nam, O.S. Joo, B.W. Lee, J.K. Kim, E.-C. Shin
Time Course Effects Of Fermentation On Fatty Acid And Volatile Compound Profiles Of Cheonggukjang Using New Soybean Cultivars, K.M. Cho, H.-J. Lim, M.-S. Kim, D.S. Kim, C.E. Hwang, S.H. Nam, O.S. Joo, B.W. Lee, J.K. Kim, E.-C. Shin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, we investigated the effects of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis CSY191 on the fatty acid profiles of Cheonggukjang, a fermented soybean paste, prepared using new Korean brown soybean cultivars, protein-rich cultivar (Saedanbaek), and oil-rich cultivar (Neulchan). Twelve fatty acids were identified in the sample set—myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, vaccenic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, gondoic, behenic, and lignoceric acids—yet, no specific changes driven by fermentation were noted in the fatty acid profiles. To further explore the effects of fermentation of B. subtilis CSY191, complete profiles of volatiles were monitored. In total, 121, 136, and 127 volatile compounds were …
Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal
Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections has evolved in recent years, as this species is a major Gram-positive pathogen associated with healthcare services. The antimicrobial resistance of this species raises an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Fruits play important nutritional and economic roles in society, but their biological and pharmacological features are poorly explored when compared to nonedible parts of plants such as barks and leaves. In this study, we show that the cashew apple juice [cashew juice pulp (CJP)] extract is active against the planktonic cells of S. aureus strains, and for the first time, we show that …
Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh
Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In the present study the physicochemical stability of sertraline with lactose was evaluated in drug-excipient binary mixtures. Different physicochemical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were applied to confirm the incompatibility. The final aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters using a fast and sensitive DSC method. Solid-state kinetic parameters were derived from nonisothermally stressed physical mixtures using different thermal models such as Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. Overall, the instability of sertraline with lactose was successfully evaluated. Further confirmation was made by tracking the Maillard reaction product of sertraline and …
Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez
Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this paper a method of using the “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) was developed for the analysis of five frequently applied pesticides in papaya and avocado. The selected pesticides, ametryn, atrazine, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methyl parathion, represent the most commonly used classes (carbamates, organophosphorous, and triazines). Optimum separation achieved the analysis of all pesticides in < 6.5 minutes. Validation using papaya and avocado samples established the proposed method as linear, accurate, and precise. In this sense, the correlation coefficients were > 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in papaya ranged from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg and from 0.06 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile for avocado, LOD values …
Assessment Of Antibacterial Drug Residues In Milk For Consumption In Kosovo, A. Rama, L. Lucatello, C. Benetti, G. Galina, D. Bajraktari
Assessment Of Antibacterial Drug Residues In Milk For Consumption In Kosovo, A. Rama, L. Lucatello, C. Benetti, G. Galina, D. Bajraktari
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of drug residues in the raw milk collected from individual farms and milk collection points during 2009–2010 in six different major regions of Kosovo (Prishtinë, Gjilan, Mitrovicë, Pejë, Gjakovë, Prizren). In the present study, a total of 1734 raw milk samples were collected, and qualitatively screened with two different tests, the Delvotest SP assay and an enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay (SNAP). Overall, 106 (6.11%) out of 1734 samples examined with Delvotest SP contained possible drug residues (5.12% and 7.51% of samples from 2009 and 2010, respectively). All suspect samples were further …
Nephroprotective Effect Of Paeonia Emodi Via Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End Products And Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, L. Kishore, N. Kaur, R. Singh
Nephroprotective Effect Of Paeonia Emodi Via Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End Products And Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, L. Kishore, N. Kaur, R. Singh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol (PA) and hydroalcohol (PHA) extract of Paeonia emodi Royale roots in treatment of streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 15 minutes after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) administration and diabetic nephropathy was assessed by measuring serum glucose, renal parameters (urea, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen level) and lipid profile. The rats were treated with different doses of extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) for 45 days. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring tissue antioxidant enzymes level …
Identification Of An Exposure Risk To Heavy Metals From Pharmaceutical-Grade Rubber Stoppers, X. Li, P. Qian
Identification Of An Exposure Risk To Heavy Metals From Pharmaceutical-Grade Rubber Stoppers, X. Li, P. Qian
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids represents a well-documented risk to animal and human health. However, current standards (European Pharmacopeia [EP], United States Pharmacopoeia [USP], International Organization for Standardization [ISO], YBB concerned with rubber closures) only require testing for Zn in pharmaceutical-grade rubber stoppers and then using only pure water as a solvent. We extracted and quantified heavy metals and trace elements from pharmaceutical-grade rubber stoppers under conditions that might occur during the preparation of drugs. Pure water, saline, 10% glucose, 3% acetic acid (w/v), 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (4 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, and …
Induction Of G2/M Arrest And Apoptosis Through Mitochondria Pathway By A Dimer Sesquiterpene Lactone From Smallanthus Sonchifolius In Hela Cells, Y. Kitai, X. Zhang, Y. Hayashida, Y. Kakehi, H. Tamura
Induction Of G2/M Arrest And Apoptosis Through Mitochondria Pathway By A Dimer Sesquiterpene Lactone From Smallanthus Sonchifolius In Hela Cells, Y. Kitai, X. Zhang, Y. Hayashida, Y. Kakehi, H. Tamura
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Dimer sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), uvedafolin and enhydrofolin, against four monomer SLs isolated from yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, leaf were the most cytotoxic substances on HeLa cells (IC50 values 2.96–3.17 μM at 24 hours). However, the cytotoxic mechanism of dimer SL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we clarified the in vitro cytotoxic mechanism of uvedafolin on the HeLa cells, and evaluated the cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells which were used as normal cells. In consequence, the dimer SLs had low toxicity for the NIH/3T3 cells (IC50 4.81–4.98 μM at 24 hours) and then the uvedafolin mediated cell cycle arrest …
Characterization And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Anthocyanins From Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No. 8), L. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Zhou, C.-L. Luo, A.-P. Deng, Z.-C. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang
Characterization And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Anthocyanins From Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No. 8), L. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Zhou, C.-L. Luo, A.-P. Deng, Z.-C. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE) was demonstrated. Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group [without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or APSPE]; model group (with CCl4 only); positive control group (50 mg/kg body weight silymarin); low-dose group (100 mg/kg body weight APSPE); medium-dose group (200 mg/kg body weight APSPE); and high-dose group (400 mg/kg body weight APSPE). After 10 days intragastric administration of the respective supplements, the mice in all groups except control were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.15% in arachis oil, 10 mL/kg body weight, intravenous). Twelve hours after CCl4 injection, the mice …
An Ecofriendly Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nicotinamide And Clindamycin Phosphate In Pharmaceutical Gel For Acne Treatment, F. Ibrahim, A.K. El-Deen, Abass S.A. El, K. Shimizu
An Ecofriendly Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nicotinamide And Clindamycin Phosphate In Pharmaceutical Gel For Acne Treatment, F. Ibrahim, A.K. El-Deen, Abass S.A. El, K. Shimizu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new green micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of nicotinamide (NICO) and clindamycin phosphate (CLD) in bulk and pharmaceutical gel formulation. The analytes are well resolved in less than 6.0 minutes using micellar mobile phase consisting of 0.10M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.3% triethylamine, and 10% 2-propanol in 0.02M orthophosphoric acid at pH 3.0, running through an Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was monitored with diode array detection at 210 nm. The retention times of NICO and CLD were …
Long-Chain Bases From Sea Cucumber Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation In Obesity Mice, S. Hu, J. Wang, J. Wang, C. Xue, Y. Wang
Long-Chain Bases From Sea Cucumber Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation In Obesity Mice, S. Hu, J. Wang, J. Wang, C. Xue, Y. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation can induce hyperglycemia. Long-chain bases (LCBs) from sea cucumber exhibit antihyperglycemic activities. However, their effects on ER stress and inflammation are unknown. We investigated the effects of LCBs on ER stress and inflammatory response in high-fat, fructose diet-induced obesity mice. Reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids were measured. Inflammatory cytokines in serum and their mRNA expressions in epididymal adipose tissues were investigated. Hepatic ER stress-related key genes were detected. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κB inflammatory pathways were also evaluated in the liver. Results showed that LCBs reduced serum and hepatic reactive …
Designing Primers And Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Propidium Monoazide – Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Counting The Viable Cells Of Lactobacillus Gasseri And Lactobacillus Salivarius, C.-H. Lai, S.-R. Wu, J.-C. Pang, L. Ramireddy, Y.-C. Chiang, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen
Designing Primers And Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Propidium Monoazide – Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Counting The Viable Cells Of Lactobacillus Gasseri And Lactobacillus Salivarius, C.-H. Lai, S.-R. Wu, J.-C. Pang, L. Ramireddy, Y.-C. Chiang, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of using propidium monoazide (PMA) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to count the viable cells of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius in probiotic products. Based on the internal transcription spacer and 23S rRNA genes, two primer sets specific for these two Lactobacillus species were designed. For a probiotic product, the total deMan Rogosa Sharpe plate count was 8.65 ± 0.69 log CFU/g, while for qPCR, the cell counts of L. gasseri and L. salivarius were 8.39 ± 0.14 log CFU/g and 8.57 ± 0.24 log CFU/g, respectively. Under the …
Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani
Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Peptides from natural sources such as milk are shown to have a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this study, three peptides with antioxidant capacity were identified from camel milk protein hydrolysate. Pepsin and pancreatin were used for hydrolysis of milk proteins. Ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the concentration and purification of the hydrolysate, respectively. Sequences of the three peptides, which were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrophotometry, were LEEQQQTEDEQQDQL [molecular weight (MW): 1860.85 Da, LL-15], YLEELHRLNAGY (MW: 1477.63 Da, YY-11), and RGLHPVPQ (MW: 903.04 Da, RQ-8). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate …
Novel Electrochemical Xanthine Biosensor Based On Chitosan–Polypyrrole–Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Bio-Nanocomposite Platform, M. Dervisevic, E. Dervisevic, E. Çevik, M. Şenel
Novel Electrochemical Xanthine Biosensor Based On Chitosan–Polypyrrole–Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Bio-Nanocomposite Platform, M. Dervisevic, E. Dervisevic, E. Çevik, M. Şenel
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this study was the electrochemical detection of the adenosine-3-phosphate degradation product, xanthine, using a new xanthine biosensor based on a hybrid bio-nanocomposite platform which has been successfully employed in the evaluation of meat freshness. In the design of the amperometric xanthine biosensor, chitosan–polypyrrole–gold nanoparticles fabricated by an in situ chemical synthesis method on a glassy carbon electrode surface was used to enhance electron transfer and to provide good enzyme affinity. Electrochemical studies were carried out by the modified electrode with immobilized xanthine oxidase on it, after which the biosensor was tested to ascertain the optimization parameters. The …
Microencapsulation Of Fish Oil Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process, F.T. Karim, K. Ghafoor, S. Ferdosh, F. Al-Juhaimi, E. Ali, K.B. Yunus, M.H. Hamed, A. Islam, M. Asif, I.S.M. Zaidul
Microencapsulation Of Fish Oil Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process, F.T. Karim, K. Ghafoor, S. Ferdosh, F. Al-Juhaimi, E. Ali, K.B. Yunus, M.H. Hamed, A. Islam, M. Asif, I.S.M. Zaidul
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In order to improve the encapsulation process, a newly supercritical antisolvent process was developed to encapsulate fish oil using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a polymer. Three factors, namely, temperature, pressure, and feed emulsion rate were optimized using response surface methodology. The suitability of the model for predicting the optimum response value was evaluated at the conditions of temperature at 60°C, pressure at 150 bar, and feed rate at 1.36 mL/min. At the optimum conditions, particle size of 58.35 μm was obtained. The surface morphology of the micronized fish oil was also evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy where it …
Microbiological, Histological, And Biochemical Evidence For The Adverse Effects Of Food Azo Dyes On Rats, K. Elbanna, O.M. Sarhan, M. Khider, M. Elmogy, H.H. Abulreesh, M.R. Shaaban
Microbiological, Histological, And Biochemical Evidence For The Adverse Effects Of Food Azo Dyes On Rats, K. Elbanna, O.M. Sarhan, M. Khider, M. Elmogy, H.H. Abulreesh, M.R. Shaaban
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, 120 lactic acid bacterial strains from different fermented dairy products as well as 10 bacterial intestinal isolates were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo degradation of various food azo dyes. Of these isolates, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains 13 and 100 and the intestinal isolates Ent2 and Eco5 exhibited 96–98% degradation of the tested food azo dyes within 5–6 hours. High performance liquid chromatography mass spectra of sunset yellow (E110) and carmoisine (E122) anaerobic degradation products by the intestinal isolates showed that they were structurally related to toxic aromatic amines. For an in vivo study, eight …
Evaluation Of The Prebiotic Effects Of Citrus Pectin Hydrolysate, Y.-Y. Ho, C.-M. Lin, M.-C. Wu
Evaluation Of The Prebiotic Effects Of Citrus Pectin Hydrolysate, Y.-Y. Ho, C.-M. Lin, M.-C. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Citrus pectin enzyme hydrolysate (PEH) of different hydrolysis time intervals (6 hours, PEH-6; 12 hours, PEH-12; 24 hours, PEH-24; or 48 hours, PEH-48) or concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) was tested for its growth stimulation effect on two probiotics, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Higher monosaccharide concentrations and smaller molecular weights of PEHs were obtained by prolonging the hydrolysis time. In addition, higher PEH concentrations resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) probiotic populations, pH reduction, and increase in total titratable acidity than the glucose-free MRS negative control. Furthermore, significantly higher populations in the low pH environment and longer survival time in nonfat milk (p < 0.05) were observed when the two probiotics were incubated in media supplemented with 2% PEH-24, than in glucose and the negative control. In comparison with other prebiotics, addition of 2% PEH-24 resulted in a more significant increase in the probiotic population (p < 0.05) than in the commercial prebiotics. This study demonstrated that PEH derived from citrus pectin could be an effective prebiotic to enhance the growth, fermentation, acid tolerance, and survival in nonfat milk for the tested probiotics. © 2017
Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova
Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, an in-depth analysis of the unique set of rosehip samples from 71 Rosa genotypes was conducted with the aim to identify the most suitable ones for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries based on the content of biologically active compounds. In the first part of our experiments, the antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the genotypes with the highest values were selected for the follow-up analysis. In the second part of experiments, the major classes of biologically active compounds in rosehips such as carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, and triterpenoic acids were further quantified using liquid …
Convenient Uv-Spectrophotometric Determination Of Citrates In Aqueous Solutions With Applications In The Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Oral Electrolyte Formulations, S. Krukowski, M. Karasiewicz, W. Kolodziejski
Convenient Uv-Spectrophotometric Determination Of Citrates In Aqueous Solutions With Applications In The Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Oral Electrolyte Formulations, S. Krukowski, M. Karasiewicz, W. Kolodziejski
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Herein, we present a convenient method for quantitative spectrophotometric determination of citrate ions in aqueous solutions in the middle-UV range. It involves measuring the absorbance of citric acid at 209 nm under suppressed dissociation at pH < 1.0 in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Validation of the method was performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. A very good linear dependence of the absorbance on concentration (r2 = 0.9999) was obtained in a citrate concentration range of 0.5–5.0 mmol/L. This method is characterized by excellent precision and accuracy; the coefficient of variation in each case is below the maximal permissible value (%RSD < 2). The proposed analytical procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of citrates in oral electrolyte formulations. © 2017
Therapeutic Effects Of D-Aspartate In A Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, S. Afraei, A. D'Aniello, R. Sedaghat, P. Ekhtiari, G. Azizi, N. Tabrizian, L. Magliozzi, Z. Aghazadeh, A. Mirshafiey
Therapeutic Effects Of D-Aspartate In A Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, S. Afraei, A. D'Aniello, R. Sedaghat, P. Ekhtiari, G. Azizi, N. Tabrizian, L. Magliozzi, Z. Aghazadeh, A. Mirshafiey
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis. EAE is mainly mediated by adaptive and innate immune responses that leads to an inflammatory demyelization and axonal damage. The aim of the present research was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) on a mouse EAE model. EAE induction was performed in female C57BL/6 mice by myelin 40 oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) in a complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion, and D-Asp was used to test its efficiency in the reduction of EAE. During the course of study, clinical evaluation was assessed, and on Day 21, post-immunization blood samples …
An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida
An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Procyanidins belong to a family of flavan-3-ols, which consist of monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and their oligomers and polymers, and are distributed in many plant-derived foods. Procyanidins are reported to have many beneficial physiological activities, such as antihypertensive and anticancer effects. However, the bioavailability of procyanidins is not well understood owing to a lack of convenient and high-sensitive analysis methods. The aim of this study was to develop an improved method for determining procyanidin content in both food materials and biological samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used in this study. The limits of …
New Psychoactive Substances Of Natural Origin: A Brief Review, L.-Y. Feng, A. Battulga, E. Han, H. Chung, J.-H. Li
New Psychoactive Substances Of Natural Origin: A Brief Review, L.-Y. Feng, A. Battulga, E. Han, H. Chung, J.-H. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Plant-based drugs of abuse are as old as recorded human history. Although traditional addictive substances, such as opium, cannabis and coca, have been controlled by the United Nations anti-drug conventions, many, if not most, natural plants with addictive or abuse liability remain elusive. Therefore, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has warned the emerging threat from new psychoactive substances (NPS), which are mostly derived or modified from the constituents of natural origin. For example, synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones are derived from the cannabis and khat plant, respectively. In this review, we briefly discussed the chemistry, pharmacology …
Safety Of Frozen Liver For Human Consumption, G.A.K. Kirrella, A.M.M. Deeb, R.M.I. Abdallah
Safety Of Frozen Liver For Human Consumption, G.A.K. Kirrella, A.M.M. Deeb, R.M.I. Abdallah
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to ensure and evaluate the safety of imported frozen beef liver traded in supermarkets of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, through detection of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidies, Escherichia coli O157:H7, antibiotic residues, and aflatoxin B1 residue. Fifty samples of imported frozen liver were randomly collected from different shops at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate for isolation of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidies, and E. coli O157:H7. The results revealed that for both microorganisms 4% of the examined samples presumed to contain Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 organisms, according to the colonial character on Harlequin Salmonella ABC agar media …
The Detoxifying Effects Of Structural Elements Of Persimmon Tannin On Chinese Cobra Phospholipase A2 Correlated With Their Structural Disturbing Effects Well, Y. Zhang, C.-M. Li
The Detoxifying Effects Of Structural Elements Of Persimmon Tannin On Chinese Cobra Phospholipase A2 Correlated With Their Structural Disturbing Effects Well, Y. Zhang, C.-M. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The effects of persimmon tannin (PT) characteristic structural elements on Naja atra phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis in mice models were determined. In addition, methods including surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were explored to uncover the possible detoxifying mechanisms of PT on snake venom PLA2. Our results revealed that PT characteristic elements (EGCG, ECG, A-type EGCG dimer, and A-type ECG dimer) could neutralize the lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis of PLA2. Moreover, the detoxifying effects of the four structural elements correlated with their structural disturbing effects well. Our results proved that A-type EGCG …
Fast And Simple Method For Semiquantitative Determination Of Calcium Propionate In Bread Samples, C.M. Phechkrajang, S. Yooyong
Fast And Simple Method For Semiquantitative Determination Of Calcium Propionate In Bread Samples, C.M. Phechkrajang, S. Yooyong
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Calcium propionate has been widely used as a preservative in bakery and in bread. It is sometimes not carefully used, or a high concentration is added to preserve products. High consumption of calcium propionate can lead to several health problems. This study aims to develop a fast and simple semiquantitative method based on color complex formation for the determination of calcium propionate in a bread sample. A red–brown complex was obtained from the reaction of ferric ammonium sulfate and propionate anion. The product was rapidly formed and easily observed with the concentration of propionate anion >0.4 mg/mL. A high-performance liquid …