Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Commons^™

Ursolic Acid Restores Sensitivity To Gemcitabine Through The Rage/Nf-Κb/Mdr1 Axis In Pancreatic Cancer Cells And In A Mouse Xenograft Model, Zih-Ying Lia, Sheng-Yi Chena, Gow-Chin Yen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line drug for pancreatic cancer therapy, but GEM resistance is easily developed in patients. Growing evidence suggests that cancer chemoprevention and suppression are highly associated with dietary phytochemical and microbiota composition. Ursolic acid (UA) has anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects; however, its role in improving cancer drug resistance in vivo remains unclear. In this study, the aim was to explore the role of UA in managing drug resistance-associated molecular mechanisms and the influence of gut microbiota. The in vitro results showed that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB/p65), and multidrug …

Determination Of Phytochemical Compounds In Chicken Breast By Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Federico Cozzi, Irene Eder-Neuhauser, Klaus Teichmann, Mathias Zaunschirm

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous detection and quantification of five phytogenic compounds (carvone, menthol, thymol, carvacrol and methyl salicylate) in chicken breast. Chicken breast samples were analyzed using a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach using acetonitrile as extraction solvent, followed by a d-SPE (dispersive-solid phase extraction) clean up step. The linearities for the 5 substances were studied in the range between 2 and 100 µg/L and the coefficients of determination (R2) were always > 0.995. Matrix effects were also assessed by comparing the slopes obtained in solvent and chicken breast …

Application Of A Comprehensive Metabolomics Approach For The Selection Of Flaxseed Varieties With The Highest Nutritional And Medicinal Attributes, Mohamed A. Salem, Shahira M. Ezzat, Patrick Giavalsico, Essam Abdel Sattar, Nebal El Tanbouly

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Flaxseed is considered an indispensable generally recognized as safe (GRAS) source of polyphenolic lignans, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fibers as well as minerals and vitamins. The metabolite content of flaxseed reflects its nutritional and medicinal value. Therefore, the selection of flaxseed variety for food industry is dependent on its metabolome. A metabolomics approach based on liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, has been applied to discriminate different flaxseed cultivars that are commercially available in Egypt. The available Sakha cultivars were subjected to a comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics approach for investigation of their metabolomes. Our results showed that among …

Human Breast Milk-Based Nutritherapy: A Blueprint For Pediatric Healthcare, Pravin Shende, Bhakti Khanolkar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Human Breast Milk (HBM) is a storehouse of micronutrients, macronutrients, immune factors, microbiota and numerous other bioactive macromolecules. Fulfilment of optimum nutritional requirements of more than 240 million malnourished infants worldwide is possible via adequate amount (570-900 mL/d) of breast milk administration to infants in first few years of life. Technological advancements enable study of multiple components of HBM like stem cells, bioactive proteins, micro RNAs, immunoglobulins and epithelial cells to understand their role in enhancement of nutritional value of HBM. Furthermore, immunological and protective functions of HBM against various illnesses like diabetes, anemia, respiratory and cardiovascular abnormalities, otitis media …

Current And Potential Applications Of Simultaneous Dsc-Ftir Microspectroscopy For Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shan-Yang Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Quality control (QC) is the most important key issue in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the quality of drug products. Many analytical instruments and techniques in pharmaceutical analysis are applied to assess the quality and quantity of the drugs. In the current and future trends, a combination of digitization, automation and hyphenation with high throughput on-line performance will be the topics for the future of pharmaceutical QC. The hyphenated analytical techniques have recently received great attention as unique means to solve complex analytical problems in a short period of time. This review article is an update on the recent potential …

A Convenient And Sensitive Colorimetric Iodide Assay Based On Directly Inducing Morphological Transformation Of Gold Nanostars, Rongju Zhou, Xiaohui Huang, Qingxiao An, Weizhen Xu, Yi Liu, Dong Xu, Suyan Wang, Qinlu Lin, Jianglin Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We propose a convenient and easy colorimetric assay for highly sensitive detection of iodide by using gold nanostars (GNSs) as probes. The assay relies on that iodide directly changes the morphology of GNSs and alters their longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) without surface modifications and the use of other reagents. Upon increasing iodide concentration, GNSs gradually transformed to sphere gold nanoparticles, the absorbance at longitudinal LSPR decreased, and solution color varied from greenish blue to red, as confirmed by the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With this strategy, as low as 0.005 μM of iodide can be …

Quercetin Blocks The Aggressive Phenotype Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer By Inhibiting Igf1/Igf1r-Mediated Emt Program, Wei-Jen Chen, Jie-Heng Tsai, Li-Sung Hsu, Chih-Li Lin, Hui-Mei Hong, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The cancer-preventive activities of quercetin have been extensively studied in invasive breast cancer; however, the role of quercetin on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) has not been resolved. In this article, we demonstrated that quercetin inhibited the activation of IGF1R and its downstream kinases Akt and Erk1/2 in a dose-dependent manner in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (TNBC cell line). Related to this, quercetin markedly suppressed the metastatic phenotype and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the expression of EMT transcription factors Snail and Slug. Quercetin also increased the secretion of …

Valorization Of Xylan In Agroforestry Waste Streams, Harrison Appiah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Valorization of Xylan in Agroforestry Waste Streams.

Harrison Appiah

Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent and gamma-valerolactone metallic chloride catalyzed conversion of xylan to furfural were investigated using a 2x3 factorial experimental design at two levels of percent microwave power, reaction time, and catalyst concentration. The levels of each factor studied were (20%, 60% microwave power, 2, 4 minutes, and 10, 20mg) respectively. The effect of three metallic chloride catalysts (LiCl, FeCl3.6H20, CuCl2) on the conversion of xylan to furfural was also investigated. The gamma-valerolactone-ferric chloride sent system exhibited the highest mean yield of furfural (56.50%). The next highest furfural yield of …

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Ethanolic Extract Exhibited Activities That Inhibit -Glucosidase Enzymes And Postprandial Blood Glucose Elevation, Maria Dewi Puspitasari Tirtaningtyas Gunawan Puteri, Felicia Melissa Tjiptadi, Phebe Hendra, Filiana Santoso, Zalinar Udin, Nina Artanti, Florence Ignatia Florence Ignatia

Makara Journal of Science

Lemongrass is a common ingredient in Indonesian traditional herbal medicine that potently inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. In this study, the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity of lemongrass was compared with its in vivo activity to retard postprandial blood glucose elevation, and the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities were observed. Both water and ethanolic extracts of lemongrass (WLG and ELG, respectively) were tested in vitro for its inhibition of the sucrose and maltose hydrolyzing activities of rat intestinal glucosidase. ELG was observed to exert higher inhibitory activities (Sucrase IC₅₀ = 8.74 mg/mL; Maltase IC₅₀ = 18.93 mg/mL) than …

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers, Lily Chiu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

The Analytical And Biomedical Applications Of Carbon Dots And Their Future Theranostic Potential: A Review, Sukunya Ross, Ren-Siang Wu, Shih-Chun Wei, Gareth M. Ross, Huan-Tsung Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent years, carbon dots (C-dots) have gained appreciable interest owing to their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence. Simple and low-cost hydrothermal and electrochemical approaches have been widely used in the preparation of biocompatible and high-quality C-dots. Various C-dots have been used for the quantitation of small analytes, mostly based on analyte induced fluorescence quenching. Depending on the nature of precursors, synthetic conditions (such as reaction temperature and time), and surface conjugation, multi-function C-dots can be prepared and used in diagnostics and therapeutics. Their strong fluorescence and photostability, enables use in …

Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents And Optical Sensors For Illicit Drug Analysis, Chun-Hsien Chen, Chun-Chi Wang, Po-Yun Ko, Yen-Ling Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The abuse of illicit drugs has been prevalent in recent years and is associated with crime and public health issues. To strengthen public security and fortify public health services with respect to the increasing severity of drug abuse, academic and government institutes have been devoted to constructing relative analytical methods for illicit drugs. To date, the development of sensors has been greatly emphasized due to their features of high sensitivity, prompt detection and flexible manipulation; thus, sensors can serve as alternatives to conventional sophisticated instruments. Recently, the use of nanomaterials has inspired the development of a series of innovative sample …

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric And Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Illegal Food Additives, Li Li, Ming Zhang, Wei Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lately, scandals associated with the illegal addition of poisonous chemicals to food for commercial interests have been gradually disclosed to the public. Problems related to food safety do not only harm public health but also affect the stability of economic and social development. Food safety has become a common issue in society, and strengthening the related regulations have become increasingly important. Although conventional techniques are accurate and sensitive in the detection of the vast majority of illegal food additives, they rely on time-consuming, labor-intensive procedures that depend on expensive instruments. Thus, efficient and rapid identification of poisonous, illegal additives in …

Improved Food Additive Analysis By Ever-Increasing Nanotechnology, Jing Zhang, Shui Hu, Yi Du, Ding Cao, Guirong Wang, Zhiqin Yuan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Improper use of food additives may lead to potential threat to human health, making it important to develop sensitive and selective method for the detection of them. Nanomaterials with unique chemical and electrochemical properties show extensive applications in the design of food additive sensing systems. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted electrochemical and optical analysis of food additives based on nanomaterials. Detection of typical food additives (colorants and preservatives) by using different sensing mechanisms and strategies are provided. In addition, determination of illegal food additives is also briefly introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend …

Electrowetting-On-Dielectric (Ewod): Current Perspectives And Applications In Ensuring Food Safety, Snigdha Roy Barman, Imran Khan, Subhodeep Chatterjee, Subhajit Saha, Dukhyun Choi, Sangmin Lee, Zong-Hong Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Digital microfluidic (DMF) platforms have contributed immensely to the development of multifunctional lab-on-chip systems for performing complete sets of biological and analytical assays. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology, due to its outstanding flexibility and integrability, has emerged as a promising candidate for such lab-on-chip applications. Triggered by an electrical stimulus, EWOD devices allow precise manipulation of single droplets along the designed electrode arrays without employing external pumps and valves, thereby enhancing the miniaturization and portability of the system towards transcending important laboratory assays in resource-limited settings. In recent years, the simple fabrication process and reprogrammable architecture of EWOD chips have led to …

Nanomaterial-Based Fluorescent Biosensor For Veterinary Drug Detection In Foods, Xiaoqi Tao, Yuanyuan Peng, Juewen Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Veterinary drugs have been widely used in the food industry. Their residues in food products need to be tightly regulated to ensure food safety. In particular, some veterinary drugs are still used illegally, although they have already been banned. Nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in analytical chemistry due to their unique properties. Compared to traditional organic dyes and colloidal gold nanoparticle labels, fluorescent nanomaterials appear particularly attractive for the detection of veterinary drug residues. This review summarizes recent advancements of fluorescent biosensors using nanomaterials for the detection of veterinary drug residues in foods. The useful properties of each …

Carbon Quantum Dots For The Detection Of Antibiotics And Pesticides, Han-Wei Chu, Binesh Unnikrishnan, Anisha Anand, Yang-Wei Lin, Chih-Ching Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are novel nanomaterials with interesting physical and chemical properties, which are intensely studied only in the last decade. Unique properties, such as its inherent fluorescent property, high resistance to photobleaching, high surface area, ease of synthesis, flexible choice of precursor, and surface tunability enable CQDs for promising application in biosensing. Therefore, it is highly useful in clinical, forensic, medical, food and drug analyses, disease diagnosis, and various other fields of biosensing. In addition, their fluorescence properties are tunable by the interaction with certain molecules via different mechanisms, which enables their application for sensing of those molecules, …

Noble Metal Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors For Microbial Toxin Detection, Yue He, Cong-Ying Wen, Zhi-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Microbial toxins generated by bacteria, fungi and algae cause serious food-safety problems due to the frequent contamination of foodstuffs and their poisonous nature. Becoming acquainted with the contamination condition of foodstuffs is highly dependent on developing sensitive, specific, and accurate methods for targeting microbial toxins. Aptamers, obtained from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), have significant advantages for microbial toxin analysis, such as small size, reproducible chemical synthesis, and modification, as well as high binding affinity, specificity, and stability. Besides, aptamers have a predictable structure and can be tailored using biomolecular tools (e.g., ligase, endonuclease, exonuclease, …

Perspective On Recent Developments Of Nanomaterial Based Fluorescent Sensors: Applications In Safety And Quality Control Of Food And Beverages, Ailing Han, Sijia Hao, Yayu Yang, Xia Li, Xiaoyu Luo, Guozhen Fang, Jifeng Liu, Shuo Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As the highly toxic pollutants will seriously harm human health, it is particularly important to establish the analysis and detection technology of food pollutants. Compared with the traditional detection methods, fluorescent detection technique based on nanomaterials trigger wide interesting because of reduced detection time, simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity and economic. In this review, the application of fluorescent sensors in food pollutants detection is presented. Firstly, conventional fluorescent nanomaterials including metal-based quantum dots, carbon-based quantum dots and metal nanoclusters were summarized, with emphasis on the photoluminescence mechanism. Then, the fluorescence sensors based on these nanomaterials for food pollutants detection …

Preface, Huan-Tsung Chang, Yu-Fen Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Corrigendum To “Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertralineelactose Binary Mixtures”, Farnaz Monajjemzadeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Corrigendum To “Shenmai-Yin Decreased The Clearance Of Nifedipine In Rats: The Involvement Of Time-Dependent Inhibition Of Nifedipine Oxidation”, Yune- Fang Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Corrigendum To “The Time-Dependent Effects Of St John's Wort On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase, Glutathione S-Transferase, And Nad(P)H-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice”, Yune- Fang Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Corrigendum To “Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Ruta Graveolens And Its Ingredients On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate (Udp)-Glucuronosyltransferase, And Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) (Nad(P)H)-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice”, Yune- Fang Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Acarbose Attenuates Migration/Proliferation Via Targeting Microrna-143 In Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Under Diabetic Conditions, Wei-Yuan Chuang, Meng-Hsun Yu, Tsung-Yuan Yang, Kuei-Chuan Chan, Chau-Jong Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Acarbose (an a-glucosidase inhibitor) has been demonstrated to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis without affecting serum levels of glucose in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. The main focus of recent atherosclerosis studies has been microRNA targets. However, the mechanism by which acarbose targets miRNA-mediated atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acarbose on microRNA-related regulation of rat aortic vascular smooth cell line (A7r5 cell) migration and proliferation induced by diabetic conditions. We reported that acabose exhibit significantly inhibits proliferative and cell migration abilities in A7r5 cells. The expression of protein and levels of mRNA were …

Effect Of 6,7-Dimethoxy-2,2-Dimethyl-2h-Chromene (Agerarin) On The Recovery Of Filaggrin Expression Through Targeting Of Janus Kinases In The Inflammatory Skin, Sung Shin Ahn, Young Han Lee, Hyunjin Yeo, Youngshim Lee, Do Sik Min, Yoongho Lim, Soon Young Shin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Filaggrin (FLG) is a structural component of the stratum corneum that is essential for maintaining the barrier function of the skin and for the formation of natural moisturizing factors. 6,7-Dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (Agerarin) is a bioactive compound derived from Ageratum houstonianum, a plant that is used as a traditional medicine to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of agerarin on skin inflammation in a dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model. We found that the topical administration of agerarin ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. We also showed that agerarin restores the reduced filaggrin (FLG) expression in …

Biologically-Guided Isolation Of Natural Lead Antithyroid Drug From Medicago Sativa L. Sprouts And Its Toxic Profile In Comparison With Propylthiouracil, Reham S. Ibrahim, Nesrine S. El-Mezayen, Asmaa Khairy, Hala H. Zaatout, Hala M. Hammoda, Aly M. Metwally

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. Although antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are approved as first line option for many hyperthyroidism cases, including pregnancy and childhood, they exert significant toxic profile. Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) also called “The father of all food” was among the diet consumed by mares that gave birth to foals with congenital hypothyroidism. Since, greenfeed was accused for the development of such condition, alfalfa may possess constituents with promising antithyroid potential that could be a valuable substitute for the conventional ATDs. The current work was designed to identify the …

Establishment Of Indirect Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For The Detection Of Platycodin D In Radix Platycodonis, Shuai Luo, Yanfei He, Hongxiang Sun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Platycodin D (PD) has been used as the quality control marker of Radix Platycodonis for its high content and various pharmacological properties. In this study, a specific polyclonal antibody against PD (PD–pAb) was developed, and PD–pAb-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was established for the detection of PD in Radix Platycodonis. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of PD was 2.70 μg/mL and the linearity range for PD was from 0.064 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL. No cross reactivity with PD–pAb was found in five PD analogs except for PD2 (0.93%). The average recovery of PD by icELISA was …

Quantification Of Adenosine Mono-, Di- And Triphosphate From Royal Jelly Using Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Wan-Rou Liao, Jen-Pang Huang, Sung-Fang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nucleotides are composed of nitrogen bases, ribose units and phosphate groups. Adenine (Ade), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) all play important roles in physiological metabolism. Royal jelly, a secretion produced by worker bees, contains a variety of natural ingredients and several studies have shown that royal jelly can serve as a source of nutrition for humans. In this study, a rapid and effective LC/MS method coupled with pre-processing methods was developed and validated for the accurate quantification of Ade, AMP, ADP and ATP in royal jelly. To achieve the best extraction efficiency, two pretreatment methods, …

Lipophilized Epigallocatechin (Egc) And Its Derivatives: Inhibition Of Oxidation Of Β-Carotene–Linoleate Oil-In-Water Emulsion And Dna Strand Scission, Priyatharini Ambigaipalan, Won Young Oh, Fereidoon Shahidi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tea epigallocatechin (EGC) was acylated with selected fatty acids, namely propionic acid [C3:0], caprylic acid [C8:0], lauric acid [C12:0], stearic acid [C18:0] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3). Antioxidant activity of EGC and its lipophilized derivatives were examined in various food (β-carotene–linoleate oil-in-water emulsion and bulk oil) and biological (supercoiled DNA and LDL) systems in vitro in order to evaluate the effect of increased lipophilicity on their antioxidant capacity. Lipophilized EGC derivatives were more effective in β-carotene–linoleate oil-in-water emulsion and bulk oil than their parent EGC molecule. Meanwhile, EGC and its derivatives showed more than 60 …