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2024

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Articles 151 - 180 of 292

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

Anthropogenic Litter In Urban Waterways: An Analysis Of Litter, Urbanization, And The Emerging Role Of Citizen Science In Beargrass Creek, Louisville, Ky., Ella Swigler May 2024

Anthropogenic Litter In Urban Waterways: An Analysis Of Litter, Urbanization, And The Emerging Role Of Citizen Science In Beargrass Creek, Louisville, Ky., Ella Swigler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addressed the ever growing presence and persistence of anthropogenic litter (AL) in urban waterways. AL has been studied in marine environments, but research gaps exist in riverine ecosystems. Most of the AL that reaches the Earth’s oceans is carried by urban rivers, so understanding the relationship between these waterways and AL is critical in effectively fighting AL accumulation, especially for legacy plastic pollutants. The study explored fifteen sites throughout Beargrass Creek and recorded the quantity and type of AL present throughout the summer and fall of 2023. The National Geographic Marine Debris Tracker App was employed to successfully …


Haloperidol Paradoxical Behavior Induced Cell Proliferation Through Pkb/Akt And Abolished By Mir-Let-7c, Mounira Morgem May 2024

Haloperidol Paradoxical Behavior Induced Cell Proliferation Through Pkb/Akt And Abolished By Mir-Let-7c, Mounira Morgem

Dissertations (2016-Present)

Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug; it is widely used for people with various psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and dementia. Despite its effectiveness in controlling delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and other disruptive behavioral symptoms in these psychiatric conditions, it has adverse side effects such as extrapyramidal manifestation and endocrinologic and metabolic changes. Initial evidence shows that haloperidol has antitumor properties in several cancer types by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, other reports indicate that haloperidol promotes cell proliferation in other cells, raising concerns about its association with an increased risk of cancer which …


Understanding Stress And Coping Among Adults In The United States During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jocy-Anna Chevalier May 2024

Understanding Stress And Coping Among Adults In The United States During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jocy-Anna Chevalier

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, individuals in the United States (U.S.) and across the globe have experienced unprecedented levels of stress. The purpose of this study is to understand the stress experienced among adults in the U.S. and which coping processes affect their overall emotional well-being. Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s (1987) Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC), this study conducted a secondary data analysis (n=404) of adults across the U.S who completed an online survey examining their experiences with stress and coping. A Pearson correlation was utilized to explore the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Paired samples …


Feminist Political Ecology In The Classroom, Ella J. Yeigh Apr 2024

Feminist Political Ecology In The Classroom, Ella J. Yeigh

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

As the effects of climate change are being felt more frequently, discussions on how to combat such a massive issue are increasingly prevalent. Finding solutions to the climate crisis requires an understanding of how mainstream economic systems have led to the climate crisis and using these same principles to get out of the climate crisis is misguided. Economic actions have inherent value biases that have real political effects. Feminist Political Ecology (FPE) as a theoretical model presents a better understanding of how values that are inherent in economic models such as reliance on efficiency, markets, and continual economic growth have …


The Role Of Extracellular Vesicles And Their Cargo In Intercellular Communication, Chongyu Zhang Apr 2024

The Role Of Extracellular Vesicles And Their Cargo In Intercellular Communication, Chongyu Zhang

Dissertations

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by most cells. They contain lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNA), and function in intercellular communication by endocytosis into other cells. EVs in diseased states carry miRNAs and proteins reflective of the changed state of cells and can be endocytosed into other cells to exert regulatory effects. Thus, EVs represent a form of paracrine genetic regulation in health and disease. Myocardial infarction (MI) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are leading causes of cardiovascular deaths worldwide. It is important to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that could lead to medical advances. Circulating …


From Field To Fashion: A Journey In Sustainable Design And Regional Understanding, Lily Turner Apr 2024

From Field To Fashion: A Journey In Sustainable Design And Regional Understanding, Lily Turner

Individually Designed Interdepartmental Major Honors Project

As the fashion industry became globalized over the past century, it has become a major environment polluter and exposed laborers to hazardous conditions. This honors project considers sustainability in the textile industry at large and at the regional scale of the Upper Midwest. Its scholarly component offers an overview of the current textile production, details how the industry may become sustainable, and suggests practices of environmentally-conscious and ethical design. The creative component is a soil-to-soil seasonless capsule collection titled From Field View that incorporates biomimicry and interrogates the concept of place by referencing the Midwest’s flora, wool, and linen fibers.


An Approach To Identify Gene-Environment Interactions And Reveal New Biological Insight In Complex Traits, Xiaofeng Zhu, Yihe Yang, Noah Lorincz-Comi, Gen Li, Amy R Bentley, Paul S De Vries, Michael Brown, Alanna C Morrison, Charles N Rotimi, W James Gauderman, Dabeeru C Rao, Hugues Aschard Apr 2024

An Approach To Identify Gene-Environment Interactions And Reveal New Biological Insight In Complex Traits, Xiaofeng Zhu, Yihe Yang, Noah Lorincz-Comi, Gen Li, Amy R Bentley, Paul S De Vries, Michael Brown, Alanna C Morrison, Charles N Rotimi, W James Gauderman, Dabeeru C Rao, Hugues Aschard

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There is a long-standing debate about the magnitude of the contribution of gene-environment interactions to phenotypic variations of complex traits owing to the low statistical power and few reported interactions to date. to address this issue, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions Working Group within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology Consortium has been spearheading efforts to investigate G × E in large and diverse samples through meta-analysis. Here, we present a powerful new approach to screen for interactions across the genome, an approach that shares substantial similarity to the Mendelian randomization framework. We identify and confirm 5 loci …


Differential Behavioral Responses In Male And Female Mice Lacking Either Rgs2 Or Rgs4 Proteins After Acute Administration Of Antidepressants And Anxiolytics, Hiroyoshi Matsui, Sarah Seeley, Manoranjan S. D'Souza Apr 2024

Differential Behavioral Responses In Male And Female Mice Lacking Either Rgs2 Or Rgs4 Proteins After Acute Administration Of Antidepressants And Anxiolytics, Hiroyoshi Matsui, Sarah Seeley, Manoranjan S. D'Souza

ONU Student Research Colloquium

The overall objective of the study was to assess the acute behavioral effects of currently used antidepressants and anxiolytics in male and female mice lacking regulator of G protein-signaling (RGS) proteins 2 and 4 and their wild-type counterparts. RGS 2 and 4 proteins negatively modulate signaling pathways of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which play an important role in mediating the effects of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters in turn play an important role in the action of antidepressant and anxiolytic medications. The study was undertaken because no studies till date have systematically assessed the behavioral …


Effects Of Kappa Opioid Receptor Manipulation On Methamphetamine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization In Adolescent Male And Female Rats, Hiroyoshi Matsui Mr, Sarah Seeley, Manoranjan S. D'Souza Apr 2024

Effects Of Kappa Opioid Receptor Manipulation On Methamphetamine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization In Adolescent Male And Female Rats, Hiroyoshi Matsui Mr, Sarah Seeley, Manoranjan S. D'Souza

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Methamphetamine abuse amongst adolescents has been on the rise in the United States. In this study, we assessed the effects of manipulation of KORs on methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in adolescent male and female rats. Methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization is an animal model to study methamphetamine addiction. Behavioral sensitization usually occurs in animals who have been treated with methamphetamine followed by a period of withdrawal. It is hypothesized that brain circuits are altered during the period of withdrawal after methamphetamine exposure resulting in sensitized (increased) responses to methamphetamine at the end of the withdrawal period. The experiment was conducted over 28 days. …


Assessment Of Potentially Toxic And Mineral Elements In Paddy Soils And Their Uptake By Rice (Oryza Sativa L) With Associated Health Hazards In District Malakand, Pakistan, Asghar Khan, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Munib Ahmed Shafique, Qaisar Khan, Ghulam Saddiq Apr 2024

Assessment Of Potentially Toxic And Mineral Elements In Paddy Soils And Their Uptake By Rice (Oryza Sativa L) With Associated Health Hazards In District Malakand, Pakistan, Asghar Khan, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Munib Ahmed Shafique, Qaisar Khan, Ghulam Saddiq

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rice, a primary food source in many countries of the world accumulate potentially harmful elements which pose a significant health hazard to consumers. The current study aimed to evaluate potentially toxic and mineral elements in both paddy soils and rice grains associated with allied health risks in Malakand, Pakistan. Rice plants with intact root soil were randomly collected from paddy fields and analyzed for mineral and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‒OES). Through deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment models, the daily intake of PTEs with allied health risks from consumption of rice were estimated …


The Effect Of The Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, Safit, On Acute Stress Reactivity In A Rat Model Of Abusive Head Trauma, Brielle Coe Apr 2024

The Effect Of The Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, Safit, On Acute Stress Reactivity In A Rat Model Of Abusive Head Trauma, Brielle Coe

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.


The Revolutionary St. Louis Insane Asylum, Julia Talbert Apr 2024

The Revolutionary St. Louis Insane Asylum, Julia Talbert

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Even with its grand structure on Arsenal Street towering over the city below, few residents of St. Louis and surrounding areas are aware of the grand history or even existence of the St. Louis Insane Asylum. The building is over 150 years old and was a place of hope, failure, strife, and empathy. The asylum had a large impact on St. Louis and provided revolutionary outlooks, unique perspectives, and curious therapies.


Dangerous Dyes: The Poison Book Project At Lipscomb University, Michaela Rutledge, Jan Cohu Apr 2024

Dangerous Dyes: The Poison Book Project At Lipscomb University, Michaela Rutledge, Jan Cohu

Faculty Works

Last year, the Winterthur Library began a worldwide effort to identify 19th century books that have covers dyed with toxic heavy metals, such as arsenic and chromium, which they called the Poison Book Project. Lipscomb University joined in the Poison Book Project, looking for books dyed with dangerous chemicals. The library collaborated with the University's Chemistry department for the testing of suspected books. We will give results, recommendations, and resources for other libraries.


Advancing Text Summarization And Classification: Deep Insights From Transformer-Based Statistical Learning, Kun Bu Apr 2024

Advancing Text Summarization And Classification: Deep Insights From Transformer-Based Statistical Learning, Kun Bu

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a part of human's daily life nowadays. Machine Learning (ML) as one aspect from AI has been rapidly developing during the past two decades, especially from the statistical learning approaches, which emphasized the use of probability and statistics to model data, such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for classification and regression tasks to the ensemble learning techniques, such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and stacking. Ensemble learning has evolved into a pivotal concept in contemporary machine learning, empowering practitioners to amalgamate multiple models to enhance generalization, accuracy, and robustness. As the field of machine …


In Silico Identification Of Small Molecule Agonist Binding Sites On Kcc2, Kenyon Mitchell, Alfred Amendolara, Ruth Hunter, Jaden Miner, Andrew Payne Apr 2024

In Silico Identification Of Small Molecule Agonist Binding Sites On Kcc2, Kenyon Mitchell, Alfred Amendolara, Ruth Hunter, Jaden Miner, Andrew Payne

Annual Research Symposium

Purpose: Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is a neuronal membrane protein specific to the central nervous system. It is responsible for removing Cl- ions from the intracellular space, maintaining a normal Cl- gradient essential for proper function at inhibitory synapses. Dysregulation causes an upward shift in the Cl- reversal potential resulting in a hyperexcitable state of the postsynaptic neuron. Existing literature indicates that KCC2 may be involved in the addiction pathway of a variety of drugs of abuse, including opioids and alcohol. This makes KCC2 an attractive potential drug target when treating substance use disorders. A novel direct KCC2 agonist, VU0500469, …


The Interaction Of Sodium Fluoride And Sodium Selenate On The Developmental Toxicity To Xenopus Laevis And Ambystoma Maculatum Embryos, Shelby Wolfram Apr 2024

The Interaction Of Sodium Fluoride And Sodium Selenate On The Developmental Toxicity To Xenopus Laevis And Ambystoma Maculatum Embryos, Shelby Wolfram

Theses

Amphibians play critical roles in the environment's wellness. Fluoride (F) is a widely existing environmental pollutant. It is commonly known for being added to drinking water and as a topical dose on teeth. Selenium (Se) can be found in organic and inorganic forms in nature. Many different fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides contain sodium selenate in them. The range selenium has between deficiency and toxicity is narrow, meaning excess exposure could cause various adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Xenopus laevis is a standard model for developmental toxicity due to being minimal maintenance, cost efficient, and having transparent embryos. Xenopus makes …


Hab Cyanobacteria In Northeastern Sc Retention Ponds: Time Trends In Abundance And Relationship To Water Quality, Kathryn I. Hanson Apr 2024

Hab Cyanobacteria In Northeastern Sc Retention Ponds: Time Trends In Abundance And Relationship To Water Quality, Kathryn I. Hanson

Honors Theses

The accumulation of polluted runoff in retention ponds can create water quality conditions that favor development of harmful algal blooms, including toxin-producing cyanobacteria. This can present a health risk to pedestrians and nearby residents, as many such ponds are surrounded by walkways or housing complexes. Blooms can also cause harm to natural ecosystems, periodically causing hypoxic conditions and toxin buildups. This study aims to form a more complete understanding of the population dynamics of certain potentially harmful phytoplankton genera, in relation to water quality parameters in retention ponds. Sampling was performed in five ponds chosen to reflect a variety of …


Validation Of A Passive Sampler For Tracking Harmful Algal Toxins In Natural Waters, Hailee Eiker Apr 2024

Validation Of A Passive Sampler For Tracking Harmful Algal Toxins In Natural Waters, Hailee Eiker

Honors Theses

Algal blooms that produce toxins that are harmful to the health of people, animals, and the environment are known as harmful algal blooms (HABs). Recently, rising global temperatures, nutrient pollution, and an increase in the frequency of extreme hydrologic events have made HABs a bigger problem. This has all led to greater cultural eutrophication which is a major contributor to the spread of HABs. Cyanobacteria make up the bulk of HABs in freshwater systems, microcystins being among the cyanotoxins that are most frequently reported and studied. Taking grab samples of water is the current standard procedure for sampling cyanotoxins, however, …


Adsorbents From Rice Husk And Shrimp Shell For Effective Removal Of Heavy Metals And Reactive Dyes In Water, Md Ibrahim H Mondal, Shovra Chandra Chakraborty, Md Saifur Rahman, Shaik Merkatur Hakim Marjuban, Firoz Ahmed, John L Zhou, Mohammad Boshir Ahmed, Masoumeh Zargar Apr 2024

Adsorbents From Rice Husk And Shrimp Shell For Effective Removal Of Heavy Metals And Reactive Dyes In Water, Md Ibrahim H Mondal, Shovra Chandra Chakraborty, Md Saifur Rahman, Shaik Merkatur Hakim Marjuban, Firoz Ahmed, John L Zhou, Mohammad Boshir Ahmed, Masoumeh Zargar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Widespread contamination by heavy metals (HMs) and dyes poses a major health risk to people and ecosystems requiring effective treatment. In this work, rice husk (RH) and shrimp shells were extracted to obtain amorphous silica and chitosan, respectively, which were utilized to produce nano-chitosan-coated silica (NCCS). To ensure the stability of the nanoparticles, silica was freeze-dried after being coated with nano-chitosan. Functional groups (-NH


Safety Of Potentised Dilutions Of Rhus Toxicodendron In Wistar Albino Rats, Abanti Goswami, Narasimha Kumar Gv, Vara Prasad Saka, Pankaj Gupta, Bibaswan Biswas, Digvijay Verma Mar 2024

Safety Of Potentised Dilutions Of Rhus Toxicodendron In Wistar Albino Rats, Abanti Goswami, Narasimha Kumar Gv, Vara Prasad Saka, Pankaj Gupta, Bibaswan Biswas, Digvijay Verma

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: Rhus toxicodendron (Rhus tox.) is a well-known homoeopathic medicine used to treat inflammatory disorders supported by historical and modern scientific evidence. Objective: The safety testing of 6C, 30C and 200C potencies of Rhus tox. through acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests as per the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines. Methods: For the acute oral toxicity study, Rhus tox. (2000 μL/kg) was administered to rats and observed for 14 days. For the subacute oral toxicity study, Rhus tox. (200 μL/kg) was administered for 28 days and additional recovery groups were included to monitor reversibility, persistence, or delayed …


“Exploring The Involvement Of Sumo-1 Proteins In Diesel Particulate-Induced Activation Of Inflammasomes And Extracellular Release Of Inflammasome Components In Lung Epithelial Cells”., Nandini Bidarimath, Ranjeeth Kondati, Georrein Dupre, Dhruthi Mutyala, Manisha Takur Mar 2024

“Exploring The Involvement Of Sumo-1 Proteins In Diesel Particulate-Induced Activation Of Inflammasomes And Extracellular Release Of Inflammasome Components In Lung Epithelial Cells”., Nandini Bidarimath, Ranjeeth Kondati, Georrein Dupre, Dhruthi Mutyala, Manisha Takur

Student Presentations

Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a form of human-made air pollution generated during the combustion process of heavy-duty diesel engines in various industrial sectors like agriculture, construction, maritime, and mining. Exposure to diesel particulate extract (DPE) in the workplace has been linked to inflammation and various lung diseases. Recent research has indicated that a reversible chemical modification process called SUMOylation, induced by SUMO-1, may play a crucial role in activating the inflammasome and causing programmed cell death (apoptosis)/Pyroptosis. However, the precise connection between DPE-induced SUMOylation and the activation of the inflammasome, apoptosis/pyroptosis remains unclear. To explore this further, experiments were …


"Environmental Perils: Pentachlorophenol, Tetrachlorohydroquinone, And Their Legacy", R. Kondati, N. Bidarimath, D. Mutyala, M. Thakur, W. C. Dorsey, S. Batra Mar 2024

"Environmental Perils: Pentachlorophenol, Tetrachlorohydroquinone, And Their Legacy", R. Kondati, N. Bidarimath, D. Mutyala, M. Thakur, W. C. Dorsey, S. Batra

Student Presentations

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a chlorinated aromatic organic compound, has served various agricultural purposes, including as a pesticide, fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide, since its introduction in 1936. However, its usage faced prohibition by the United States government in 1984 due to recognized carcinogenic and toxic properties. Despite this, approximately 36 million utility poles across the country remain treated with PCP, posing a continued risk of exposure. Exposure to PCP primarily occurs through direct volatilization from treated surfaces, leading to potential inhalation or skin contact. Its persistence in the environment, with a half-life of up to 200 days in water and varying durations …


Toxicity Of Three Species Of The Solanaceae Family Growing In Algeria Against Culiseta Longiareolata Mosquitos 4th Stage Larvae, Saliha Benhissen, Abdelmaddjid Yagoub Asloum, Nora Belkhiri, Zakaria Hedjouli, Siham Bounadji, Wafa Habbachi, Khellaf Rebbas Mar 2024

Toxicity Of Three Species Of The Solanaceae Family Growing In Algeria Against Culiseta Longiareolata Mosquitos 4th Stage Larvae, Saliha Benhissen, Abdelmaddjid Yagoub Asloum, Nora Belkhiri, Zakaria Hedjouli, Siham Bounadji, Wafa Habbachi, Khellaf Rebbas

Journal of Bioresource Management

Mosquitoes have always been considered a source of harm to humans and animals mainly because they can be vectors of disease. This work represents a study on the effect of aqueous extract of three plants (Hyoscyamus albus, Solanum elaeagnifolium, Solanum nigrum) of the Solanaceae family on the mortality of 4th stage larvae of Culiseta longiareolata larvae. Extract of the high impact is of S. nigrum followed by H. albus and S. elaeagnifolium, respectivley of C. longiareolata larvae.


Pediatric Beta Blocker Therapy: A Comprehensive Review Of Development And Genetic Variation To Guide Precision-Based Therapy In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults., Mollie Walton, Jonathan B. Wagner Mar 2024

Pediatric Beta Blocker Therapy: A Comprehensive Review Of Development And Genetic Variation To Guide Precision-Based Therapy In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults., Mollie Walton, Jonathan B. Wagner

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists, known as beta blockers, are one of the most prescribed medications in both pediatric and adult cardiology. Unfortunately, most of these agents utilized in the pediatric clinical setting are prescribed off-label. Despite regulatory efforts aimed at increasing pediatric drug labeling, a majority of pediatric cardiovascular drug agents continue to lack pediatric-specific data to inform precision dosing for children, adolescents, and young adults. Adding to this complexity is the contribution of development (ontogeny) and genetic variation towards the variability in drug disposition and response. In the absence of current prospective trials, the purpose of this comprehensive review …


An Acute Herb-Drug Interaction Of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex With Methotrexate Via Inhibiting Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, Chung-Ping Yu, Pei-Ying Li, Szu-Yu Chen, Shiuan-Pey Lin, Ying-Chen Chen, Lu-Ching Ho, Yow-Wen Hsieh, Yu-Chi Hou Mar 2024

An Acute Herb-Drug Interaction Of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex With Methotrexate Via Inhibiting Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, Chung-Ping Yu, Pei-Ying Li, Szu-Yu Chen, Shiuan-Pey Lin, Ying-Chen Chen, Lu-Ching Ho, Yow-Wen Hsieh, Yu-Chi Hou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (MOC), an herbal drug, contains polyphenolic lignans mainly magnolol (MN) and honokiol (HK). Methotrexate (MTX), a critical drug for cancers and autoimmune deseases, is a substrate of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). This study investigated the effect of coadministration of MOC on the pharmacokinetics of MTX and relevant mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered MTX alone and with single dose (2.0 and 4.0 g/kg) and repeated seven doses of MOC (2.0 g/kg thrice daily for 2 days, the 7th dose given at 0.5 h before MTX). The serum concentrations of MTX …


An Auxiliary Strategy Of Partial Least Squares Regression In Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Studies: A Case Of Application Of Guhong Injection In Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats, Hai-Yang Chen, Chang Li, Chong-Yu Shao, Yu-Jia Wu, Hai-Tong Wan, Yu He Mar 2024

An Auxiliary Strategy Of Partial Least Squares Regression In Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Studies: A Case Of Application Of Guhong Injection In Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats, Hai-Yang Chen, Chang Li, Chong-Yu Shao, Yu-Jia Wu, Hai-Tong Wan, Yu He

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Guhong injection (GHI) has been applied in the therapy of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in clinic, but there is no report about the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) research on GHI treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats. In this study, eight compounds of GHI in plasma, including N-acetyl-L-glutamine (NAG), chlorogenic acid (CGA), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), p-coumaric acid (pCA), rutin, hyperoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, were quantified by LC-MS/MS. We discovered that the values of t1/2β, k12, V2, and CL2 were larger than those of t1/2α, k21, V1, and …


Ionizable Copolymer Functionalized Magnetic Nanocomposite As An Adsorbent For Boosting The Extraction Selectivity Of Aristolochic Acids, Qi-Yue Xie, Yang Chen, Chang-Jun Li, Jia-Bin Zhang, Xiu-Jun Cao, Jun Lu Mar 2024

Ionizable Copolymer Functionalized Magnetic Nanocomposite As An Adsorbent For Boosting The Extraction Selectivity Of Aristolochic Acids, Qi-Yue Xie, Yang Chen, Chang-Jun Li, Jia-Bin Zhang, Xiu-Jun Cao, Jun Lu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) has drawn increasing public attention. Organic anion transporters (OATs) are considered to be responsible for mediating nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids (AAs), as AAs are typical OAT1 substrates that exhibit anionic properties and contain one hydrophobic domain. Inspired by the OAT1 three-dimensional structure or substrate/protein interactions involved in transport, we designed a magnetic polymeric hybrid, mimicking the effect of basic and aromatic residues of OAT1, for efficient enriching aristolochic acid I (AA I) and aristolochic acid II (AA II) in Traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPM). N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAm) was used as a cationic monomer and copolymerized …


Effect Of Indian Gooseberry Extract On Improving Methylglyoxal-Associated Leptin Resistance In Peripheral Tissues Of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats, Sheng-Yi Chen, Yue-Ning Huang, Jer-An Lin, Gow-Chin Yen Mar 2024

Effect Of Indian Gooseberry Extract On Improving Methylglyoxal-Associated Leptin Resistance In Peripheral Tissues Of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats, Sheng-Yi Chen, Yue-Ning Huang, Jer-An Lin, Gow-Chin Yen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Increased leptin resistance and methylglyoxal (MG) levels are observed in obese patients. However, whether MG deposits contribute to leptin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in peripheral tissues remains unclear. In addition, the edible fruit of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) contains abundant bioactive components such asvitamin C, β-glucogallin (β-glu), gallic acid (GA), and ellagic acid (EA). Water extract of Indian gooseberry fruit (WEIG) and GA has been shown to improve cognitive decline by suppressing brain MG-induced insulin resistance in rats administered a high-fat diet (HFD). Accordingly, this study investigated the functions of WEIG and GA in inhibiting MG-induced leptin …


Pomelo (Citrus Grandis (L.) Osbeck) Sponge Layers As A Potential Source Of Soluble Dietary Fiber: Evaluation Of Its Physicochemical, Structural And Functional Properties, Xiaowei Chen, Jiajia Chen, Jian Peng, Yuanshan Yu, Jijun Wu, Jing Wen, Zhiying Kang, Yanhui Wang, Yujuan Xu, Lu Li Mar 2024

Pomelo (Citrus Grandis (L.) Osbeck) Sponge Layers As A Potential Source Of Soluble Dietary Fiber: Evaluation Of Its Physicochemical, Structural And Functional Properties, Xiaowei Chen, Jiajia Chen, Jian Peng, Yuanshan Yu, Jijun Wu, Jing Wen, Zhiying Kang, Yanhui Wang, Yujuan Xu, Lu Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pomelo sponge layer (PSL) had been considered as a potential source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), while they were mostly disposed of as waste. To promote high-value utilization of pomelo wastes, this study extracted SDF from PSL of six varieties of pomelo, and their physicochemical, structural and functional properties were investigated. Results indicated that all PSL-SDFs showed good physicochemical and functional properties. Among them, PSL-SDF from grapefruit (GRSDF) showed better water holding capacity and swelling capacity, whereas Shatian pomelo PSL-SDF and Guanxi pomelo PSL-SDF had the highest thermal stability and oil holding capacity, respectively. Furthermore, compared with other PSL-SDFs, GRSDF …


Trans-2-Nonadecyl-4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-Dioxolane (Tnhd) Purified From Freshwater Clams Markedly Alleviates Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis, Ya-Ru Kuo, Chen-Yu Tsai, Wei-Sheng Lin, Chi-I Chang, Ching-Shu Lai, Min-Hsiung Pan Mar 2024

Trans-2-Nonadecyl-4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-Dioxolane (Tnhd) Purified From Freshwater Clams Markedly Alleviates Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis, Ya-Ru Kuo, Chen-Yu Tsai, Wei-Sheng Lin, Chi-I Chang, Ching-Shu Lai, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Liver fibrosis occurs due to injury or inflammation, which results in the excessive production of collagen and the formation of fibrotic scar tissue that impairs liver function. Despite the limited treatment options available, freshwater clams may hold promise in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of ethanol extract of freshwater clam (FCE), ethyl acetate extract of FCE (EA-FCE), and trans-2-nonadecyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (TNHD) on liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). Administration of FCE and TNHD alleviated liver injury, including tissue damage, necrosis, inflammation scores, fibrosis scores, serum enzymes, and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression …