Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Hepatotoxic And Nephrotoxic Effects Of Chronic Exposure To Vernonia Cinerea Crude Extract On Wistar Rats, Thularath Toommakorn, Sajee Waramit, Patchara Danaisawadi, Kantimanee Pradermwong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Vernonia cinerea L. (VC) has been used for smoking cessation and decreased appetite in Thailand. However, the safety of this plant concerning long-term consumption has never been reported. A 6-month toxicity study of VC water crude extract (VCWE) was performed in both genders of Wistar rats at doses of 15, 150, and 1500 mg/kg body weight/day orally. Recovery group received 1500 mg/kg for 6 months and then extended for 14 days without the extract. It was found that the males could not tolerate the highest dose of VCWE. There was no effect on bodyweight, relative organ weight, nor hematological parameters …

Anti-Diabetic Effect Of Interruptins A And B From Cyclosorus Terminans On Mouse Hepatocytes, Sujinda Songtrai, Sireewan Kaewsuwan

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Interruptin B from the fern Cyclosorus terminans has been indicated as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ that is known to regulate glucose homeostasis. Interruptin B was previously been implicated to promote glucose consumption into adipocytes. This study aimed to examine the anti-diabetic impact of interruptins A and B on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability of FL83B hepatocytes affected by interruptins A and B was determined. The glucose consumption after 12–24 h treatment with compounds was evaluated by glucose oxidase method. The glycogen content was assessed after 24 h incubation using anthrone …

Alcl3 Induced Neuroinflammation And Excitotoxicity In Brain Striatum Mediated Memory And Motor Dysfunction Ameliorated Via Scopoletin Enriched Canscora Decussata Extract, A. Roja, T. Ambiga, Abdul Khayum, Sulaiman Mohammed, Venkatesh Gunasekaran

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: Scopoletin is one of the dynamic and active constituents originate in Canscora decussata (CD) herb from Shankhpushpi family according to Indian system of medicine. This study aimed to characterize and to explore the role of scopoletin enriched CD (SECD) extract on AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity in rat model. Methodology & Results: High-performance thin-layer chromatography finger printing of ethanol extract of CD confirmed that enriched scopoletin presence as its main constituent. AlCl3 induced behavioural changes were reversed after SECD (200 and 400 mg/kg, i. p) and Rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p) treatment by the way of Y maze, Rota rod, and …

Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Phenolic-Rich Fraction Of Pandanus Tectorius Fruits Via Reduction Of No Production On Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Cell Lines And Formalin-Induced Paw Oedema, Yosie Andriani, Nadia Madihah Ramli, Noor Suryani Musa, Kanwal Kanwal, Habsah Mohamad, Hermansyah Amir, Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim, Desy Fitrya Syamsumir, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Suvik Assaw

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: The current study is the first study that investigated the potential of phenolic-rich fraction of Pandanus tectorius fruits as an anti-inflammatory agent. The fruit is rich in phenolic compounds, especially from the flavonoids group. Phenolics are known to contribute to an anti-inflammatory activity. Objectives: The first objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of phenolic-rich fractions of P. tectorius fruits by in vitro and in vivo studies. The second was to investigate the cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cell lines, antioxidant, and phenolic contents to support the experiment. Materials and Methods: Sample fractionation was done with hexane, ethyl …

Antioxidant And Nephroprotective Effects Of Delphinium Denudatum Root Extract (Medicinal Plant) Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity, Nadeem Ahmad Siddique

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction and Objectives: Kidney is a front line organ exposed to the toxicity of gentamicin. The objective of this study was to determine the biopotential of Delphinium denudatum Wall., root a significant medicinal plant, against gentamicin. Materials and Methods: By performing high-performance liquid chromatography, an in vitro antioxidant study was conducted against diphenylpicrylhydrazide (DPPH). In vivo nephroprotective activity was evaluated by administering solo administration of gentamicin (GM; 40 mg/kg b.wt. single dose s.c.) for a period of 1st–13th days followed by hydroalcoholic extract of D. denudatum (HAEDD; 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg b.wt. intragastrically) to the rats for 14th–23rd days. …

Antidiabetic Study And Teratogenicity Evaluation Of Ethanolic Extract Of Chromolaena Odorata Linn., Indah Solihah, Yuni Fitriani, Meutia Reni Noprida, Herlina, Riana Sari Puspita Rasyid, Tri Suciati

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

There is considerable interest in herbal medicine in developing antidiabetic alternative therapy based on plant-derived compounds that would reduce oral hypoglycemic agent-related adverse effects while staying safe during pregnancy. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves (ECOL) in alloxan-induced diabetes and its teratogenic effect. The hypoglycemic impact of ECOL increased when the extract dose was raised. Three doses of ECOL (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) showed a 27.29%, 34.68%, and 52.24% hypoglycemic effect, respectively. While, the standard insulin (1 IU/kg BW) group shown a 31.38% hypoglycemic effect …

Synthesis And In Silico Study Of New Azetidinones Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer By Egfr Inhibition, Jainey P. James, T. C. Aiswarya, Swetha P. Shenoy, Vinod Devaraji

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Lung cancer is alarmingly increasing and therapies targeting receptors such as human epidermal growth factor have been found to be emerging in treating lung cancer. Many studies report azetidinone bearing compounds to be cytotoxic. This work aims to prove the anti-lung cancer action of synthesized azetidinones that are through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. Materials and Methods: Novel azetidinone derivatives were synthesized from Schiff bases; molecular docking analyzed the interactions with EGFR, and pharmacophore modeling revealed the features responsible for the possible interactions. Moreover, the compounds with good docking scores were selected for anti-lung cancer study by MTT …

Effect Of Hyperoxia On Cardiac Pathophysiology In Female Guinea Pig Hearts, Chayapatou Chayawatto

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hyperoxia is widely implemented in critical care and ICU patients. The administration of a high concentration of inspired oxygen to the lung can unknowingly cause hyperoxia and thereby damaging the lungs and heart due to oxidative stress. Technically, hyperoxia occurs when the patient receives PaO2 > 200 mmHg. Major research focused on hyperoxia-induced lung injury, but nothing is known on its effect on heart. Our lab is the pioneer in understanding the effect of hyperoxia on cardiovascular remodeling using mice model. Previous results show that mice under 72 hours of hyperoxia present severe cardiac pathophysiology. This research uses Guinea pigs, which …

Poststroke Seizure And Epilepsy: A Review Of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, And Pharmacological Therapies, Joseph Phan, Mario Ramos, Theodore Soares, Mayur S. Parmar

HPD Articles

Stroke is the most common cause of epilepsy and ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of life of those affected. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes can both lead to poststroke epilepsy (PSE). Significant risk factors for PSE include age less than 65 years, stroke severity measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), cortical involvement, and genetic factors such as TRPM6 polymorphism. The diagnosis of PSE is made by using imaging modalities, blood biomarkers, and prognostic criteria. Electroencephalography (EEG) is currently the gold standard to diagnose PSE, while new combinations of modalities are being tested to increase …

Association Between Use Of Remdesivir And Bradycardia, Gibret Umeukeje

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Remdesivir received the first emergency use authorization from the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19. Multiple adverse drug reactions (ADR) have been reported since its approval in October 2020. Bradycardia, defined by a decrease in heart rate has been reported as an adverse event for patients receiving remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment. The purpose of the research is to systematically investigate the frequency of occurrence of bradycardia in adults receiving remdesivir using clinical data derived from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Patients receiving remdesivir were compared to those receiving Paxlovid, Regen-Cov, and Dexamethasone for COVID-19 treatment to see …

Interactions Between Environmental Factors And Glutathione S-Transferase (Gst) Genes With Respect To Detectable Blood Aluminum Concentrations In Jamaican Children, Mohammad H Rahbar, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Yuansong Zhao, Sepideh Saroukhani, Jan Bressler, Manouchehr Hessabi, Megan L Grove, Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington, Katherine A Loveland

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aluminum (Al) is a metallic toxicant at high concentrations following natural or unnatural exposures. Dietary intake is considered as the main source of aluminum exposure in children. We used data from 366 typically developing (TD) children (ages 2−8 years) who participated as controls in an age- and sex-matched case−control study in Jamaica. We investigated additive and interactive associations among environmental factors and children’s genotypes for glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1), in relation to having a detectable blood aluminum concentration (BAlC) of >5.0 μg/L, using multivariable logistic regression models. Findings from interactive models revealed that the odds of having …

Screening Pathological Protein Specific Antibodies As Biomarker Discovery Tools For Neurodegenerative Disease, Yitong Li

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With the increase in the average life span, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases also increases, among which Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common types of neurological disorders. AD and PD share the same pathogenic mechanism that involves a class of proteins called beta-amyloid (Aβ), which, under the induction of some factors, changes from its natural monomeric state to the oligomers containing β-sheet, which is neurotoxic and thus leads to cell damage or apoptosis. This study focused on the selection of antibodies used as biomarkers for AD and PD. The selection of antibodies was based …

A Trichy Situation, Kathryn Purple

Cumberland Mountain Naturalist

This issue of the Cumberland Mountain Naturalist discusses Dr Kathryn Purple's research concerning Trichomonosis carried by pigeons.

Response Of Soil Bacterial Diversity, Predicted Functions And Co-Occurrence Patterns To Nanoceria And Ionic Cerium Exposure, Jie Zhang, Hui Sheng, Yan-Meng Shang, Jamie Lead, Zhang-Zhen Guo, Jian-Ping Hong

Faculty Publications

Release of nanoceria (nCeO₂) into the environment has caused much concern about its potential toxicity, which still remains poorly understood for soil microorganisms. In this study, nanoceria and cerium (III) nitrate at different doses (10, 100 and 500 mg/kg) were applied to bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), grown in potting soil, to investigate the responses of soil bacterial communities to nanoceria (NC) and ionic cerium (IC) applications. The results showed that bacterial richness was slightly increased in all cerium treatments relative to the negative control without cerium amendment (CK), but a significant increase was only found in …

Élimination Des Vapeurs Toxiques Par Oxydation : Développement De Procédures D'Évaluation Des Systèmes De Purification De L'Air Des Conduits De Ventilation, Chang-Seo Lee, Fariborz Haghighat, Alireza Haghighat Mamaghani, Zahra Shayegan, Ali Bahloul, Mélanie Huard, Lexuan Zhong, Mitra Bahr

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'exposition à des composés organiques volatils (COV) dans les lieux de travail peut avoir des effets aigus, notamment sous forme d'irritation de la peau, des yeux, de la bouche et du nez. Certains produits peuvent également provoquer des effets chroniques, comme l'asthme et le cancer. La prévention de tels effets nocifs sur la santé des travailleurs par l'adoption et la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à en éliminer ou à tout le moins réduire le risque s'avère importante. Parmi les approches développées à ce jour pour réduire l'exposition aux polluants de l'air intérieur – dont les COV –, la …

Removal Of Toxic Vapors By Oxidation: Development Of Laboratory Test Procedures For In-Duct Air Cleaning Systems, Chang-Seo Lee, Fariborz Haghighat, Alireza Haghighat Mamaghani, Zahra Shayegan, Ali Bahloul, Mélanie Huard, Lexuan Zhong, Mitra Bahr

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'exposition à des composés organiques volatils (COV) dans les lieux de travail peut avoir des effets aigus, notamment sous forme d'irritation de la peau, des yeux, de la bouche et du nez. Certains produits peuvent également provoquer des effets chroniques, comme l'asthme et le cancer. La prévention de tels effets nocifs sur la santé des travailleurs par l'adoption et la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à en éliminer ou à tout le moins réduire le risque s'avère importante. Parmi les approches développées à ce jour pour réduire l'exposition aux polluants de l'air intérieur – dont les COV –, la …

Effects Of Covid-19 On Pregnant Women And Newborns: A Review, Bhavesh M. Patel, Deepesh Khanna, Siya Khanna, Vera Hapshy, Pragya Khanna, Payal Kahar, Mayur S. Parmar

HPD Articles

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world, causing the worst pandemic of the century. The disease has a broad continuum of clinical presentations, from mild to life-threatening. The virus is highly contagious and transmittable to humans. Emerging evidence of its effects on pregnant women and newborns is inconsistent and ever-evolving. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile the scientific literature on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on pregnancy, pregnant women, and newborns. Data were obtained by several authors using PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web …

Asia’S Waste Crisis, Havovi Joshi

Asian Management Insights

Many Asian countries have drawn up national strategies to address waste management through their policy and regulatory frameworks, and put in place policies that promote green growth and sustainable development. However, nations across the continent are at vastly different stages of waste management. On one end, countries like Japan, China, and Singapore are ahead of the curve, and have invested in sound and structured waste management systems. On the other end, less developed nations continue to dispose most of their waste at open dumps.

What Makes Mad Honey “Mad”? An Investigation Into The Obsession Of The Himalayan Wild Cliff Honey, Codi Farmer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Mad honey is a rare variety of cliff honey found in the mountainous regions of Turkey and Nepal and has been harvested by Indigenous groups for centuries. In Nepal, it is found on high-hanging cliffs that people risk their lives to face, but what makes this honey so special to cause generations of Nepalis to brave the formidable heights? Through a series of reading primary and secondary sources, watching first-hand accounts of honey hunting, and interviewing honey hunters, filmmakers, authors, and laypeople alike, I work to find the answer to the puzzling question – what makes mad honey "mad"? In …

Monitoring Titanium Dioxide Engineered Particles In Rural And Urban Surface Waters, Md Mahmudun Nabi

Theses and Dissertations

Quantifying and characterizing engineered particles in environmental systems is key for assessing their risk but remains challenging and requires the distinction between natural and engineered particles. The Ph.D. dissertation research described in this thesis contributes to the current attempts to improve environmental nanoparticle analysis and better understand nanoparticle behavior in natural systems, with the focus being on natural streams, and the application of single particle inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-TOF-MS) for distinguishing and tracing the origins of environmental nanoparticles. The objective of this dissertation is to characterize and quantify the concentrations of titanium dioxide engineered particles in urban …

Coastal Stormwater Pond Pollutants And The Potential For Development Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Vibrio And Enterococcus Bacteria, Cassandra L. Horton

Theses and Dissertations

The Southeastern coastal plain is the most rapidly urbanizing region in the United States. Associated landscape changes which increase imperviousness lead to hydrological cycle alterations, increasing runoff of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Urban and agricultural NPS runoff is generally discharged into stormwater ponds, which sequester chemical contaminants, nutrients, and microbes to reduce loading into coastal ecosystems. Studies of these ponds have indicated elevated levels of trace metals, antimicrobial compounds, and bacterial contamination (SCSGC 2018).

Interactions of aquatic pathogens Vibrio vulnificus and Enterococcus faecium with trace metals (arsenic, copper, zinc) and clinically relevant antimicrobials (triclosan, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline) commonly found in coastal …

Xenobiotic Exposures On Women’S Reproductive Health, Maria Zubizarreta Mcclam

Theses and Dissertations

Environmental and chemical exposures are continually introduced into our bodies. The female reproductive cycle is complex and particularly sensitive to toxic substances. A recent rise in infertility and reproductive diseases and cancers make reproductive toxicity a public health concern. The overall purpose of this dissertation is to explore how environmental and chemical exposures impact women’s reproductive health and overall wellbeing. To do this, a variety of topics related to women’s reproductive health are explored, including how environmental exposures can impact reproduction, methods for studying reproductive dysfunctions, fertility preservation among cancer patients, and the overall wellbeing of female cancer patients.

The …

Phytochemical Investigation, Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Activities Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Pride Of Barbados Pod (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima), Osahon K. Ogbeide, Efosa D. Omono, Precious O Ehizojie, Anthony E. Aiwonegbe, Jeremiah O. Uadia

Tanzania Journal of Science

Pride of Barbados is a therapeutic herb which has wide traditional applications in the treatments and management of diverse ailments. Diseases pose great threats to human race. This research was aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, proximate composition, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of the pod extract of Pride of Barbados in order to provide a scientific validation for its use as a therapeutic herb. All analyses were carried out using already established methods; the antioxidant potential was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, while the formalin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing techniques were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory …

Synthesis Of Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Beads For Acetaminophen Delivery, Anesylvia Angan, Nonni Soraya Sambudi

Makara Journal of Science

Conventional drug delivery systems usually involve the intake of multiple drugs, which could amplify the risk of overdosing. Acetaminophen is a widely used pain relief substance that is prone to accidental overdosing. Hence, a controlled drug delivery system is needed to ensure its efficacy. A nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/alginate system that was used as a drug carrier for acetaminophen was synthesized through the sol-gel method, and the mechanism underlying its controlled drug delivery was investigated. Spherical nanocomposite bead samples were synthesized by incorporating 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% hydroxyapatite into mixtures containing alginate. The mixtures were then dropped into calcium …

Wastewater-Informed Public Health Intervention Playbook

Sustain Magazine

As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic quickly spread from country to country and continent to continent in 2020, governments and scientists needed a way to track COVID-19 through populations in order to position public health interventions in the most impactful locations. Having a decision-based risk framework may help to guide policy creation that could minimize or prevent possible outbreaks and surges of infection within communities. The University of Louisville in partnership with Louisville’s Department of Public Health and Wellness tested this strategy in 2021 and 2022. This Wastewater-Informed Public Health Intervention Playbook describes the decisions and actions of that academic and public …

The Intersection Between Toxicology And Aging Research: A Toxic Aging Coin Perspective., John P. Wise Jr.

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

We are imminently faced with the challenges of an increasingly aging population and longer lifespans due to improved health care. Concomitantly, we are faced with ubiquitous environmental pollution linked with various health effects and age-related diseases which contribute to increased morbidity with age. Geriatric populations are rarely considered in the development of environmental regulations or in toxicology research. Today, life expectancy is often into one’s 80s or beyond, which means multiple decades living as a geriatric individual. Hence, adverse health effects and late-onset diseases might be due to environmental exposures as a geriatric, and we currently have no way of …

An Interdisciplinary Discussion On Climate Change, Aamira Shah, Jaley F. Adkins, Kelsey Littrell, Priyadarshini Chandrashekhar

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

Associations Between Cannabis, Psychosis, And Schizophrenia In Adolescents, Lauren Moment

Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research

The effects of cannabis use on the brain, mind, and body have been studied for decades. The developing brain, particularly the adolescent and young adult brain, undergoes critical development that makes it especially susceptible to the effects of cannabis use. Among the adverse effects of cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood, psychosis and psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) have been examined. The association of cannabis use with schizophrenia was first elucidated in a Swedish study of army conscripts. Specifically, conscripts reported their cannabis use exposure and were followed longitudinally to assess the emergence of schizophrenia. The authors found that those …

In Silico Screening Of Violacein As An Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, Smitha S Bhat, Sindhu R, Shashanka K Prasad

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

EGFR is a key player in the signalling cascades of various kinds of cancers and tyrosine kinase inhibitors block EGFR signalling. Natural products have long been used as candidates for therapy in the management of cancer. Violacein, a bacterial pigment, has been known for its numerous biological applications such as antimicrobial, antileishmanial, antiviral, as well as antitumoral. Computational studies have concluded that it may have activity against cancers like pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, and endometrial cancer indicating its potential application as a broad range of anti-cancerous drug. This study aimed to perform the molecular docking of violacein with …

Understanding The Status Of Important Criteria Air Pollutants And Its Health Effects – A Review, Christeena Varghese, Lingaraju H G, Shankramma Kalikeri

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

In India, airborne pollutant is serious, and a growing illness cause of concern, adding considerably to the country's disease burden. Atmospheric effects are generally known to have several harmful health implications. India's air pollution has risen significantly because of population expansion, rising vehicle numbers, fuel usage, inefficient transit networks, poor land use patterns, industrialisation, and most importantly, insufficient environmental legislation. Because air pollution is a major factor, this has an impact on human health. People gradually understood that contaminated outdoor air had detrimental consequences on human health. Hypercholesterolemia, breathing problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma are all connected …