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Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

Medication-Assisted Therapy For Opioid Addiction, B. Tai, A.J. Saxon, W. Ling Jul 2020

Medication-Assisted Therapy For Opioid Addiction, B. Tai, A.J. Saxon, W. Ling

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The "Medication-Assisted Therapy for Opioid Addiction" session was chaired by Dr Betty Tai and had three presenters. The presenters (and their topics) were: Dr Andrew J. Saxon (methadone and buprenorphine for treatment of opioid addiction and human immunodeficiency virus risk reduction); Dr Walter Ling (opioid antagonist treatment for opioid addiction); and Dr Betty Tai (chronic care model for substance use disorder). Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.

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Special Issue On The International Conference On Global Health, W.-T. Chiu Jul 2020

Special Issue On The International Conference On Global Health, W.-T. Chiu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Extracts Of The Medicinal Herb Sanguisorba Officinalis Inhibit The Entry Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1, J. Liang, J. Chen, Z. Tan, J. Peng, X. Zheng, K. Nishiura, J. Ng, Z. Wang, D. Wang, Z. Chen, L. Liu Jul 2020

Extracts Of The Medicinal Herb Sanguisorba Officinalis Inhibit The Entry Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1, J. Liang, J. Chen, Z. Tan, J. Peng, X. Zheng, K. Nishiura, J. Ng, Z. Wang, D. Wang, Z. Chen, L. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated morbidity and mortality since its introduction in 1996. However, it fails to eradicate HIV-1 infection. The high cost of life-long highly active antiretroviral therapy and the emergence of drug resistance among HIV-1-infected individuals have brought renewed pressure for the discovery of novel antivirals and alternative medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complementary and alternativemedicine, and serves as a rich resource for newdrug development. Despite the almost 100 plant-derived compounds that are in clinical trials, fewtargetHIV-1 infection. In this study,we discovered that Sanguisorba officinalis extract (SOE) …

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Hiv Treatment As Prevention: The Key To An Aids-Free Generation, M.W. Hull, J.S.G. Montaner Jul 2020

Hiv Treatment As Prevention: The Key To An Aids-Free Generation, M.W. Hull, J.S.G. Montaner

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The presence of elevated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load within blood and genital secretions is a critical driver of transmission events. Long-term suppression of the viral load to undetectable levels through the use of antiretroviral therapy is standard practice for the clinical management of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy therefore can play a key role in curbing HIV transmission. The results of a randomized clinical trial and several observational studies have now confirmed that antiretroviral therapy markedly decreases the risk of HIV transmission. Mathematical models and population-based ecologic studies suggest that further expansion of antiretroviral coverage within current guidelines can play …

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Pharmacogenomics Study In A Taiwanese Methadone Maintenance Cohort, S.-C. Wang, H.-H. Tsou, I.-K. Ho, K.-M. Lin, Y.-L. Liu Jul 2020

Pharmacogenomics Study In A Taiwanese Methadone Maintenance Cohort, S.-C. Wang, H.-H. Tsou, I.-K. Ho, K.-M. Lin, Y.-L. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pharmacogenomics is the study of drug treatment responses in subgroups of patients on the basis of their genetic variants or genetic expression information. In 2006, the government of Taiwan launched a methadone maintenance treatment program, which is usually prescribed for patients with heroin dependence. In this study, 366 patients who had taken methadone continually in the previous 7 days were examined. Data from the Treatment Outcomes Profile (TOP), Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale (TESS) were obtained from the patients' report records. The genes CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19dwhich encode the liver …

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Hiv: Seek, Test, Treat, And Retain, J. Normand, J. Montaner, C.-T. Fang, Z. Wu, Y.-M. Chen Jul 2020

Hiv: Seek, Test, Treat, And Retain, J. Normand, J. Montaner, C.-T. Fang, Z. Wu, Y.-M. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The "HIV: Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain" session was chaired by Dr Jacques Normand, the director of AIDS Research at the US National Institute on Drug Abuse. Dr Yi-Ming Chen served as the discussant. The three presenters (and their presentation topics) were: Dr Julio Montaner (Treatment as PreventioneThe Key to an AIDS-free Generation), Dr Chi-Tai Fang (Population-level Effect of Free Access to HAART on Reducing HIV Transmission in Taiwan), and Dr Zunyou Wu (Challenges in Promoting HIV Test and Treat Strategy in China). Copyright 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Administration, Taiwan.

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Family And Social Aspects Of Substance Use Disorders And Treatment, D.C. Daley Jul 2020

Family And Social Aspects Of Substance Use Disorders And Treatment, D.C. Daley

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with numerous medical, psychiatric, psychological, spiritual, economic, social, family, and legal problems. These problems create a significant burden for the affected individuals, their families, and society. This paper focuses on the effects of SUDs on family and on social problems and emphasizes the need for clients in treatment to address these domains in their ongoing recovery. This paper also reviews individual, group, and family interventions that address these issues for clients with SUDs and their families. Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.

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Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Addiction: Methadone And Buprenorphine, A.J. Saxon, Y.-I. Hser, G. Woody, W. Ling Jul 2020

Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Addiction: Methadone And Buprenorphine, A.J. Saxon, Y.-I. Hser, G. Woody, W. Ling

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Among agents for opioid addiction treatment, methadone is a full m-opioid receptor agonist, whereas buprenorphine is a partial agonist. Both are long-acting agents. Buprenorphine has a superior safety profile. Methadone is formulated for oral administration and buprenorphine is formulated for sublingual administration. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering for approval a subdermal buprenorphine implant that has a six-month duration of action. Both medications reduce mortality rates and improve other outcomes. Data from a recent randomized, controlled comparison study (N = 1269) of bothmedications show better treatment retention with methadone, but reduced illicit opioid use early in treatment with …

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Application Of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Uv Detection To Quantification Of Clenbuterol In Bovine Liver Samples, F. Morales-Trejo, S.V.-Y. León, A. Escobar-Medina, R. Gutierrez-Tolentino Jul 2020

Application Of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Uv Detection To Quantification Of Clenbuterol In Bovine Liver Samples, F. Morales-Trejo, S.V.-Y. León, A. Escobar-Medina, R. Gutierrez-Tolentino

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A method for the determination of clenbuterol (CLB) concentration in bovine liver by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was developed. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and isopropanol, followed by HPLC analysis. A reverse-phase column C18 was used, with a UV detector at 214 nm and 0.05 M NaH2PO4(pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The accuracy of the analytical method was estimated by spiking bovine liver samples with three different concentrations of CLB (5.24 ng/g, 20.98 ng/g, and 41.96 ng/g) and recovery of 111.7%, 82.0%, and 84.8%, respectively, was obtained. The precision of the method …

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Integration Of Simca And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Rapid And Precise Identification Of Herbal Medicines, I.-C. Yang, C.-Y. Tsai, K.-W. Hsieh, C.-W. Yang, F. Ouyang, Y.M. Lo, S. Chen Jul 2020

Integration Of Simca And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Rapid And Precise Identification Of Herbal Medicines, I.-C. Yang, C.-Y. Tsai, K.-W. Hsieh, C.-W. Yang, F. Ouyang, Y.M. Lo, S. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The recognition, control, and monitoring of herbal medicinal materials is a crucial work and challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, the development of a rapid and accurate inspection method and model is an important goal and job. The raw materials of a variety of herbal medicines were measured using nondestructive near-infrared spectroscopy with soft independent modeling of class analogy to build up the classification model. The adulterated samples could be eliminated by the analysis of the model, and identification rates were demonstrated in the range of 98-100%. The method could be applied not only to the pharmaceutical industry but also …

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Volatile Constituents Detected In Smoke Condensates From The Combination Of The Smoking Ingredients Sucrose, Black Tea Leaves, And Bread Flour, W.-C. Sung Jul 2020

Volatile Constituents Detected In Smoke Condensates From The Combination Of The Smoking Ingredients Sucrose, Black Tea Leaves, And Bread Flour, W.-C. Sung

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Smoke condensates from three major smoking ingredients used for traditional Chinese smoked large yellow croaker and chicken-black tea leaves, bread flour, and cane sugar-were obtained in a laboratory. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the three smoking ingredients in the volatile compounds of smoke condensates. Seven main peaks were detected using chemical standards and 73 compounds were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for smoke condensates. The smoke condensate from three mixed ingredients contains a high percentage of furfural (46.08% area), 5-methyl-2- furancarboxaldehyde (16.92% area), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (4.17% area), and caffeine (11.86% area) in …

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The Effect Of A Computerized Pediatric Dosing Decision Support System On Pediatric Dosing Errors, J.-Y. Hou, K.-J. Cheng, K.-J. Bai, H.-Y. Chen, W.-H. Wu, Y.-M. Lin, M.-T.M. Wu Jul 2020

The Effect Of A Computerized Pediatric Dosing Decision Support System On Pediatric Dosing Errors, J.-Y. Hou, K.-J. Cheng, K.-J. Bai, H.-Y. Chen, W.-H. Wu, Y.-M. Lin, M.-T.M. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Children are more susceptible to medication errors because of differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics compared to adults. Weight changes are common with growth in children and computer systems frequently are not updated with current information, which result in inaccurate weight-based dosing and thus harm children. This study evaluated the impact of a Computerized Physician Order Entry system with standardized pediatric dosing decision support (PDDS) function on reducing pediatric dosing errors. Outpatient prescriptions were analyzed from January to March during 2010 and 2011. The total number of pediatric prescriptions was 72,431 and 80,532 prior to and after system implementation, respectively. Out …

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Determination Of Doxorubicin In Pharmaceutical Preparation And Rat Plasma With Luminol-K3fe(Cn)6 Chemiluminescence System, H.-C. Yao, E.-J. Xu, W.-Y. Zeng, X.-Y. Zeng, M. Zhang, J. Chen Jul 2020

Determination Of Doxorubicin In Pharmaceutical Preparation And Rat Plasma With Luminol-K3fe(Cn)6 Chemiluminescence System, H.-C. Yao, E.-J. Xu, W.-Y. Zeng, X.-Y. Zeng, M. Zhang, J. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A novel and rapid flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method was established for the determination of doxorubicin, which was based on the phenomenon that CL intensity of the reaction between K3Fe(CN) 6 and luminol in alkaline solution could be strongly enhanced by doxorubicin. Under optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity of the system was linear with the concentration of doxorubicin in the range from 2.0 × 10-9 g/mL to 5.0 × 10-7 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 (n = 9). The detection limit (3a) was 4.25 × 10 -10 g/mL, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 1.0 × …

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Corrigendum To Determination Of Serum Atorvastatin Concentrations In Lipid-Controlling Patients With And Without Myalgia Syndrome (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2013) 21 (147-153)), Y.-C. Chou, Y.-K. Wang, M.-J. Charng, Y.-F. Ueng Jul 2020

Corrigendum To Determination Of Serum Atorvastatin Concentrations In Lipid-Controlling Patients With And Without Myalgia Syndrome (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2013) 21 (147-153)), Y.-C. Chou, Y.-K. Wang, M.-J. Charng, Y.-F. Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Studies On The Quality And Flavor Of Ponkan (Citrus Poonensis Hort.) Wines Fermented By Different Yeasts, J.-S. Lee, C.-Y. Chang, T.-H. Yu, S.-T. Lai, L.-Y. Lin Jul 2020

Studies On The Quality And Flavor Of Ponkan (Citrus Poonensis Hort.) Wines Fermented By Different Yeasts, J.-S. Lee, C.-Y. Chang, T.-H. Yu, S.-T. Lai, L.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ponkan (Citrus poonensis hort.) juice and ponkan pulp were used as raw materials for the production of ponkan wines fermented with six different strains of Saccharomyces cereuisiae. We found that ponkan wines fermented with S. cereuisiae BCRC 22332 and commercial yeast HF-08 had higher alcohol contents (10.70-11.86%), lower contents of residual sugar (0.64-1.14%), lower degrees of browning (OD42o = 0.20-0.34), higher clarity (OD660 = 0.07-0.17), and higher sensory scores (5.15-6.25 points). Flavor analysis revealed that, in addition to the citrus flavor characters of α-pipene, limonene, and α-terpineol, ponkan wine contained the yeast-generated characteristic aromatic components of isoamyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, …

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Investigation On The Trend Of Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks In Taiwan (1991-2010), W.-C. Cheng, C.-W. Kuo, T.-Y. Chi, L.-C. Lin, C.-H. Lee, R.-L. Feng, S.-J. Tsai Jul 2020

Investigation On The Trend Of Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks In Taiwan (1991-2010), W.-C. Cheng, C.-W. Kuo, T.-Y. Chi, L.-C. Lin, C.-H. Lee, R.-L. Feng, S.-J. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This article summarizes the results of 20 years (1991-2010) of investigation on food-borne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) collected by the Food and Drug Administration of the Department of Health in Taiwan. Among the 4284 FBDOs (82,342 cases) reported, the average annual number of 285 outbreaks during 2001-2010 was substantially greater than the average annual number of 143 outbreaks reported during 1991-2000. The average number of 15.5 cases per outbreak in 2001-2010 was lower than that in 1991-2000, which is 28.5 cases per outbreak. Small-scale FBDOs increased during 2001-2010. Good hygiene practices should be carried out at food service establishments and school …

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Authenticating The Use Of Dried Seahorses In The Traditional Chinese Medicine Market In Taiwan Using Molecular Forensics, C.-H. Chang, N.-H. Jang-Liaw, Y.-S. Lin, Y.-C. Fang, K.-T. Shao Jul 2020

Authenticating The Use Of Dried Seahorses In The Traditional Chinese Medicine Market In Taiwan Using Molecular Forensics, C.-H. Chang, N.-H. Jang-Liaw, Y.-S. Lin, Y.-C. Fang, K.-T. Shao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Seahorse, which has a unique appearance and exhibits male pregnancy, is a useful component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the growing demand for TCM, vast amounts of seahorses are harvested from the wild every year and traded internationally. This study investigated 58 dried seahorse samples collected from 23 Chinese herbal medicine stores across Taiwan using molecular forensics. Results showed that eight seahorse species were present in the Taiwan TCM market. Among them, Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis) has an endangered status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, while the West African seahorse (Hippocampus algiricus), …

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Survey Of Aflatoxin Contamination In Peanut Products In Taiwan From 1997 To 2011, Y.-C. Chen, C.-D. Liao, H.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Chiueh, D.Y.-C. Shih Jul 2020

Survey Of Aflatoxin Contamination In Peanut Products In Taiwan From 1997 To 2011, Y.-C. Chen, C.-D. Liao, H.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Chiueh, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aflatoxins are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds that contaminate various types of foods and feedstuffs. The aflatoxin levels in various kinds of peanut products in Taiwan were surveyed during the recent decade. A total of 1827 commercial peanut products were collected from different regions of Taiwan from 1997 to 2011. The samples were cleaned by immunoaffinity columns and analyzed for aflatoxins B1, B2, G 1, and G2 by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Aflatoxins were detected in 32.7% of samples with levels ranging from 0.2 μg/kg to 513.4 ng/kg. Peanut butter had the highest aflatoxin-positive incidence, followed by peanut …

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The Antioxidant And Cytoprotective Activity Of, Ocimum Gratissimum Extracts Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity In Human Hepg2 Cells, Y.-W. Chiu, H.-J. Lo, H.-Y. Huang, P.-Y. Chao, J.-M. Hwang, P.-Y. Huang, S.-J. Huang, J.-Y. Liu, T.-J. Lai Jul 2020

The Antioxidant And Cytoprotective Activity Of, Ocimum Gratissimum Extracts Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity In Human Hepg2 Cells, Y.-W. Chiu, H.-J. Lo, H.-Y. Huang, P.-Y. Chao, J.-M. Hwang, P.-Y. Huang, S.-J. Huang, J.-Y. Liu, T.-J. Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ocimum gratissimum is used as a traditional folk medicine in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of an aqueous 0. gratissimum extract (OGE) and to evaluate its cytoprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in human HepG2 cells. The results revealed that the total phenolic content of the OGE reached 20%. In the 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the OGE reduced up to 80% of the free radicals at a plateau concentration of 66.7 μg/mL. This indicates that OGE contains considerable free radical scavenging activity. In a dose-dependent manner, OGE pretreatment counteracted the decrease in cell …

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Coconut Kernel Protein In Diet Protects The Heart By Beneficially Modulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, And Nuclear Factor-Kappab Expressions In Experimental Myocardial Infarction, S. Remya, A.M. Chikku, R.S. Renjith, S. Arunima, T. Rajamohan Jul 2020

Coconut Kernel Protein In Diet Protects The Heart By Beneficially Modulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, And Nuclear Factor-Kappab Expressions In Experimental Myocardial Infarction, S. Remya, A.M. Chikku, R.S. Renjith, S. Arunima, T. Rajamohan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Previous studies conducted in our laboratory revealed that coconut kernel protein has a significant cardioprotective effect on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. In the present study, we explored the possible protective mechanism of coconut kernel protein during acute myocardial infarction. Coconut kernel protein (50 mg/100 g) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats orally for 45 days. Isoproterenol (20 mg/100 g) was injected subcutaneously at an interval of 24 hours twice to induce myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was confirmed by the abnormal activities of cardiac marker enzymes in serum. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were decreased …

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A Review On The Response And Management Of The Plasticizer-Tainted Food Incident In Taiwan, Y.-H. Chen, S.-C. Fu, J.-K. Huang, H.-F. Cheng, J.-J. Kang Jul 2020

A Review On The Response And Management Of The Plasticizer-Tainted Food Incident In Taiwan, Y.-H. Chen, S.-C. Fu, J.-K. Huang, H.-F. Cheng, J.-J. Kang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

While conducting an inspection project on counterfeit drugs in 2011, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discovered a probiotic product that was contaminated with the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). After a thorough investigation, it was confirmed that the plasticizer had been deliberately added to the clouding agent as a substitute for an emulsifier. The illegal use of DEHP contaminated a broad range of foods and nutraceutical products. Subsequent investigation revealed that another plasticizer, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), was also used. Some contaminated food and beverages had already been exported abroad. This caused panic in the public in Taiwan and drew …

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Quantification Of Bioactive Gentiopicroside In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Y.-K. Chuang, S. Chen, Y.M. Lo, I.-C. Yang, Y.-F. Cheng, C.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Tsai, R.-M. Hsieh, K.-H. Wang, C.-C. Lai, W.-C. Chen Jul 2020

Quantification Of Bioactive Gentiopicroside In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Y.-K. Chuang, S. Chen, Y.M. Lo, I.-C. Yang, Y.-F. Cheng, C.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Tsai, R.-M. Hsieh, K.-H. Wang, C.-C. Lai, W.-C. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was employed to perform a quantitative analysis of gentiopicroside, the bioactive component of the medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bunge. Modified partial least squares regression (MPLSR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) calibration models were built using 94 plant tissue culture samples and 136 grown plant samples, respectively, over the full wavelength range (400-2498 nm) and the silicon charge-coupled-device (CCD) sensing band (400-1098 nm). For tissue culture, the smoothing, first-derivative MPLSR model can produce the best effect [calibration set (Rc) = 0.868, standard error of calibration (SEC) = 0.606%, standard error of validation (SEV) = 0.862%] in …

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Photoproducts Of Indomethacin Exhibit Decreased Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging And Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities, G.-S. Lien, C.-S. Chen, W.-Y. Chen, S.-H. Huang, K.-T. Cheng, C.-M. Lin, S.-H. Chao Jul 2020

Photoproducts Of Indomethacin Exhibit Decreased Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging And Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities, G.-S. Lien, C.-S. Chen, W.-Y. Chen, S.-H. Huang, K.-T. Cheng, C.-M. Lin, S.-H. Chao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Indomethacin (IN) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, four photoproducts of IN (IN1-IN4) were produced and isolated from photoirradiated IN. This study investigated the abilities of IN and its photoproducts to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO). The hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity was measured in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a spin trapping agent. Enzyme activity was measured by continuous monitoring of uric acid formation, using xanthine as a substrate. The results showed that, among all the related products, IN has the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging (IC 50 = 65 μM) and …

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Significance Of Regulation Limits In Mycotoxin Contamination In Asia And Risk Management Programs At The National Level, N. Anukul, K. Vangnai, W. Mahakarnchandkul Jul 2020

Significance Of Regulation Limits In Mycotoxin Contamination In Asia And Risk Management Programs At The National Level, N. Anukul, K. Vangnai, W. Mahakarnchandkul

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites produced from toxigenic fungi recognized as major food and feed contaminants. They are a source of grave concern in food contamination, resulting in mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. To date, many regulations on the allowable levels of each mycotoxin have been established in several countries. Consumers and food producers expect that toxin contamination in food and feed, based on government regulations and guideline levels, should have no adverse consequences on human and animal health. This review is an extension of the discussions during the international seminar entitled Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Mycotoxins/or Food …

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Beyond-Use Date Of Extemporaneous Morphine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, C.-Y. Lin, L.-J. Shen, C.-F. Huang, H.-L. Yang, Y.-J. Chen, F.-L.L. Wu Jul 2020

Beyond-Use Date Of Extemporaneous Morphine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, C.-Y. Lin, L.-J. Shen, C.-F. Huang, H.-L. Yang, Y.-J. Chen, F.-L.L. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hospital pharmacists prepare morphine oral solution extemporaneously in Taiwan because of the unavailability of commercial products. According to the United States Pharmacopeia 〈795〈, extemporaneous oral solution has an expiration of 14 days if there is no stability test data. However, outpatients usually need 4-week medications. The purpose of this study was to determine the beyond-use date of extemporaneous morphine hydrochloride (HCl) oral solution. Extemporaneous 0.1% morphine HCl oral solutions were prepared in an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 8 compounding room, and bottled in 500-mL high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with polypropylene caps. Twelve bottles were divided into 2 groups …

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Systemic And Brain Bioavailabilities Of D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa, A Sustained Dopamine-Releasing Prodrug, C.-L. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, S.-E. Lee, J.-F. Lian, J.-P. Liou, H.-P. Wang Jul 2020

Systemic And Brain Bioavailabilities Of D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa, A Sustained Dopamine-Releasing Prodrug, C.-L. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, S.-E. Lee, J.-F. Lian, J.-P. Liou, H.-P. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa (D-PhG-L-Dopa), designed as a dipeptide mimetic prodrug of dopamine, has been proven to have 31-fold higher oral bioavailability than L-Dopa in rats. To further investigate if this dipeptide enters the brain, a single-dose pharmacokinetic study by i.v. administration, in comparison with L-Dopa, was conducted to monitor brain availability. The dopamine level in the brain was also determined. The results indicated that both D-PhG-L-Dopa and L-Dopa entered the brain rapidly (Tmax 1 minute) with similar degrees of penetration (AUCbrain/AUCplasma 8.83% vs. 7.61%). As D-PhG-L-Dopa had higher systemic exposure than L-Dopa (AUC plasma 23.79 μmol·min/mL vs. 12.09 μmol·min/mL), it thus had …

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Evaluation Of Das™ Kits For The Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens In Chicken- And Meat-Based Street-Vended Foods, L.S. Manguiat, T.J. Fang Jul 2020

Evaluation Of Das™ Kits For The Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens In Chicken- And Meat-Based Street-Vended Foods, L.S. Manguiat, T.J. Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The PCR-based method has gained acceptability as an alternative method for assessing the microbial safety of foods. In this study, the performance of PCR-based DNA Amplification System™ (DAS™) detection kits, namely, E. coli DAS™, S. aureus DAS™, E. coli O157:H7 DAS™ and Salmonella DAS™, were compared with reference methods in detecting the pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in 130 naturally- and artificially-contaminated chicken and meat-based grilled and fried street food samples. E. coli DAS™ displayed very good agreement with the reference method with a kappa value of 0.92 in chicken-based samples. S. aureus DAS™ …

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Correlations Of The Components Of Tea Tree Oil With Its Antibacterial Effects And Skin Irritation, C.-J. Lee, L.-W. Chen, L.-G. Chen, T.-L. Chang, C.-W. Huang, M.-C. Huang, C.-C. Wang Jul 2020

Correlations Of The Components Of Tea Tree Oil With Its Antibacterial Effects And Skin Irritation, C.-J. Lee, L.-W. Chen, L.-G. Chen, T.-L. Chang, C.-W. Huang, M.-C. Huang, C.-C. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia L., is one of the most popular agents used in cosmetics. This study aimed to explore the correlations of components in TTO with its anti-acne activities and skin irritation. TTOs were isolated from the leaves (TTO-L), twigs, and branches of M. alternifolia by steam distillation, and the components analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that components of TTO-L satisfied the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4730 guidelines. TTO-L and its components, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, and α-terpineol, had strong inhibitory activities against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, six TTO …

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Studies On The Extraction Of Pumpkin Components And Their Biological Effects On Blood Glucose Of Diabetic Mice, H. Jin, Y.-J. Zhang, J.-X. Jiang, L.-Y. Zhu, P. Chen, J. Li, H.-Y. Yao Jul 2020

Studies On The Extraction Of Pumpkin Components And Their Biological Effects On Blood Glucose Of Diabetic Mice, H. Jin, Y.-J. Zhang, J.-X. Jiang, L.-Y. Zhu, P. Chen, J. Li, H.-Y. Yao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pumpkin crude extract (PCE) was extracted from pumpkin powder with water and 95% ethanol at 60°C. Several components were isolated and further purified by solvents purification and dialysis as well as column chromatography. The anti-diabetic activities of the hypoglycemic components extracted from pumpkin were identified using diabetic model mice which were induced by alloxan intraperitoneal injection. The diabetic mice were treated with pumpkin extracts by intraperitoneal injection at dosages of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples for glucose assays were taken from the diabetic mice before injection and 4, 7 and 11 hours after injection. The results …

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Status Of Management Of Controlled Drugs In Taiwan: Inspection During 2002-2011, C.-J. Chang, M.-H. Wu, M.-T. Hsieh, Y.-L. Hsieh, W.-I. Tsay Jul 2020

Status Of Management Of Controlled Drugs In Taiwan: Inspection During 2002-2011, C.-J. Chang, M.-H. Wu, M.-T. Hsieh, Y.-L. Hsieh, W.-I. Tsay

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The three major United Nations international drug control conventions set a supportive and complementary system to effectively control the production (manufacture), trafficking and abuse of drugs. In response to the spirit of the United Nations drug control treaties, Taiwan has instituted a framework of classification administration and license issuance. There is also circulation control for managing the diversion of controlled drugs from pharmaceutical plants and medical institutions, as well as the use of controlled drugs among pharmaceutical and medical professionals under the Controlled Drugs Act. Most of the controlled drug registration licenses and prescription licenses issued by the Taiwan Food …

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