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Articles 211 - 233 of 233
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 1
Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 1
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 2
Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 2
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Scoliosis: Comparative Analysis Of Surgery Vs. Brace Treatment, Jerry Frenkel
Scoliosis: Comparative Analysis Of Surgery Vs. Brace Treatment, Jerry Frenkel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is the introduction of this article: The spine, or spinal column, as it is also called, is a complex structure made up of 33 vertebrae (bone segments) arranged vertically in succession from just below the skull to the tailbone. The entire column is broken up into various classes of vertebrae named, from superior to inferior, as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Different forms of spinal deformities that can occur include kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis (Neuwirth and Osborn 2001). Scoliosis is defined simply in medical terms as a lateral three-dimensional irregular curvature of the spine. The curvature as …
Full Issue: Volume 5, Number 1, Fall 2011
Full Issue: Volume 5, Number 1, Fall 2011
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 1
Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 1
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Full Issue: Volume 3, Number 1
Full Issue: Volume 3, Number 1
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Insomnia: Its Causes, Its Consequences, And Its Cures, Shoshana Fried
Insomnia: Its Causes, Its Consequences, And Its Cures, Shoshana Fried
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Insomnia is a complaint that affects almost all Americans at some point throughout their lives. However, only chronic insomnia is truly a disorder. This type of insomnia can be caused by various reasons, whether physiological, molecular, or psychological. This paper will elaborate on a number of possible causes for insomnia. Furthermore, this paper will present some of the many adverse effects that are caused by the sleep deprivation resulting from chronic insomnia. There are many possible treatments available to help against insomnia. This paper will explain 53 some of the behavioral methods. In addition, it will discuss the many different …
Botox And Its Effect On Wrinkles, Rochelle Eckstein
Botox And Its Effect On Wrinkles, Rochelle Eckstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Clostridia Botulinum (C. Botulinum) is a bacterium that produces a unique exotoxin, botulinum toxin (BTX). BTX induces flaccid muscle paralysis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic nerve endings. Recently, Botox, developed from BTX, has become a popular solution to reduce the appearance of hyper-functional facial rhytids. Facial wrinkles are caused by repetitive muscle contraction, and a treatment that directly addresses this will be effective. Injections of Botox temporarily relax or paralyze these muscles. This paper will briefly discuss the bacterial basis of Botox and its development. It will explain how the mechanism of action of BTX can …
The Effect Of Exercise On Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin Korman
The Effect Of Exercise On Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin Korman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, from which there is no recovery. It begins with impaired memory and judgement and progresses to the point where those affected can no longer care themselves. Although the cause of AD is unknown, two significant abnormalities occur in the brain of its victims: neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. It has been well established that exercise improves mood and general well-being, however this paper will focus on the effect of exercise on AD. It will show that exercise can improve physical functioning of an individual with AD, however more importantly it will focus …
Rhinoviruses: The Quest For A Cure, Michelle Gordon-Grunin
Rhinoviruses: The Quest For A Cure, Michelle Gordon-Grunin
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Rhinoviruses, also known as Human Rhinovirus, abbreviated HRV, are one of the many causes of the common cold. In fact, around 50 percent of all cold are caused by rhinoviruses, with the other major candidates being coronaviruses, influenza A or B virus, and minor causative agents like parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and enterovirus (Makela and Puhakka, 1997). However, due to the complex molecular structure of rhinoviruses, a cure for the common cold caused by HRV is still in the making. Several new treatments have been discovered, impacting the virus as different stages of its life, hopefully to prevent …
Full Issue: Volume 2, Number 1 Spring 2009
Full Issue: Volume 2, Number 1 Spring 2009
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 2, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences published Spring 2009.
Biofilms In Medicine, Marshall Gelbman
Biofilms In Medicine, Marshall Gelbman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
In 1862 Louis Pasteur introduced the “Germ Theory of Disease.” Subsequently the study of microbiology has flourished greatly and its medical significance has continuously grown. Many microbial organisms implicated in disease have been identified and studies. A general science of medical bacteriology has been determined and is widely taught. Such study has been largely based upon the activity of individual free-swimming (planktonic) cells and colonies that they form. However, microorganisms often form communities called biofilms which can have properties that very different from their planktonic predecessors. Biofilms are mucoid aggregates of microorganisms which tend to grow on surfaces exposed to …
Botulinum Toxin, David Moshayev
Botulinum Toxin, David Moshayev
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Although botulinum toxin is the cause of the disease botulism and can be used in a terrorist attack, there are also many other uses for botulinum toxin. Botox, a derivative of botulinum toxin, is used for cosmetic purposes. Botulinum toxin is also used in medicines to control certain conditions marked by involuntary muscle contractions. The objective of this paper is to present a strong review of botulinum toxin so that one can see all the good and bad that is botulinum.
Bisphosphonates And Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw, Chaya Leah Katz
Bisphosphonates And Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw, Chaya Leah Katz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Bisphosphonate-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) is a condition which, according to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS), adversely affects between .8-12percent of the population, a small yet significant amount of adults. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) is characterized by the death of bone and suffering patients present with either a non-healing extraction socket or an exposed jawbone. In general, afflicted patients have been treated with a class of drugs known as the Bisphosphonates (BP). Bisphosphonates were originally developed in order to treat and manage many metastatic diseases of the bone and stabilize bone loss caused by …
Gestational Diabetes And Its Effects On The Fetus, Todd Pollack
Gestational Diabetes And Its Effects On The Fetus, Todd Pollack
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Although the common effects of gestational diabetes on the fetus are known, the outcome of a diabetic gestation is ambiguous. There is concern for complications in the fetus at delivery due to enlarged size of the fetus, as well as concerns for birth defects, fetal distress, diabetes and obesity. Yet, although there is a correlation in the previous disorders and gestational diabetes, many of the mechanisms that cause these complications are unknown. By studying the pathology of gestational diabetes, researchers have learnt that the placenta controls fetal growth and provides a great deal of protection for the fetus. Therefore, many …
The History Of Thalidomide, Ilana Fakherian
The History Of Thalidomide, Ilana Fakherian
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Thalidomide, introduced in Germany in 1954, was a drug that was initially prescribed for its sedative properties. In the late 1950s, thalidomide was widely used by women as an antiemetic drug to alleviate the nausea and vomiting (morning sickness) common in the early stages of pregnancy and to help them sleep. Thalidomide gained notoriety in 1961 when it was found to cause severe malformations in the growing fetus, such as stunted development or the complete absence of limbs. More over, later studies revealed that thalidomide generates peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, constipation, and menstruation abnormalities. However, at the time, inadequate tests were …
Bacterial Toxins And Bioterrorism, Nehama Prus
Bacterial Toxins And Bioterrorism, Nehama Prus
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Bacterial toxins are some of the most potent substances known to man. Bacterial toxins are microbial poisons that profoundly affect the establishment and course of disease, because a single toxin can greatly increase the virulence of an organism (Alcamo, 1994). Organisms have the ability to attach to and colonize mucosal surfaces in the body, eventually invading deeper tissues. However, their ability to cause human disease is often determined by their ability to form and excrete microbial toxins (Murray, 1994). Many emerging and reemerging bacterial pathogens synthesize toxins that serve as primary virulence factors (Schmitt et al, 1999).
Acetaminophen Toxicity To The Liver, Sara Miriam Flaum
Acetaminophen Toxicity To The Liver, Sara Miriam Flaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Acetaminophen is a drug commonly used in America. Acetaminophen is an excellent antipyretic and has good analgesic effects, especially for a nonprescription drug. However, unlike other nonprescription drugs in this category, it can have significant liver toxicity. This paper discusses the potential for liver toxicity, and presents information on how acetaminophen affects specific proteins in the liver (P450). For example, not only can it inhibit drug metabolism via acting as an alternative (competitive) substrate for proteins that are responsible for drug metabolism, it can also paradoxically increase drug metabolism by increasing these proteins (induction of P450). The literature reviewed and …
Full Issue: Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2007
Full Issue: Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2007
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), David Fleischmann
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), David Fleischmann
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal syndrome that affects normally healthy individuals who have acquired an immune system deficiency. AIDS is acquired via a viral agent that attacks the immune system of healthy individuals and eventually erodes it, leading to the onset of a collection of deadly diseases. There are many diseases associated with AIDS, although many of them occur only when an individual has full-blown AIDS. Until then, an infected individual faces several different stages of disease.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Sara Miriam Flaum
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Sara Miriam Flaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Is the use of alcohol in the present time common and socially accepted? In society at large, bars are widespread and frequently visited by the populace. Social clubs, arenas where young people gather on weekends and meet new friends, are usually centered around the presence of alcohol. Business deals cemented over lunch or dinner are commonly accompanied by alcoholic beverages. Advertisements, whether on radio, television, or billboards, give testimony as to how the consumption of a particular alcoholic beverage with a meal would enhance the meal. There is no Super Bowl Game that is not associated with multiple prominent beer …
Use Of Intracoronary Stents In The Treatment Of Coronary Heart Disease, Rachel Musheyeva
Use Of Intracoronary Stents In The Treatment Of Coronary Heart Disease, Rachel Musheyeva
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for about one-third of all deaths in subjects over age 35. This rate is higher in men than in women and blacks compared to whites. Prior to age 35, men have a three times higher rate of incidence of CHD than women. Coronary mortality among the Hispanic population is not as high as among blacks and whites.
The Shedding Of Deciduous Teeth, Asher Diamond
The Shedding Of Deciduous Teeth, Asher Diamond
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Humans are diphyodont. They develop two sets of teeth during their lives. The deciduous (baby) teeth begin to emerge when a baby is approximately six or seven months old. At about the age of six these teeth begin to fall out, or undergo shedding. They are replaced by the permanent successors. This process of shedding of the deciduous teeth and replacement by the permanent teeth is called exfoliation. Certain teeth are shed earlier than others. How this process happens has been the focus of many studies.