Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Full Issue: Volume 11, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Nonsurgical Approaches To Glioblastoma, Moshe Baitelman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Due to the sensitivity of location, brain cancer is one of the most difficult and deadly known cancers. There are various forms of cancer in the brain with many shared characteristics as well as unique manifestations in each. While cancers originating in the central nervous system present in several ways, the most common forms are high grade gliomas generally, and glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytomas specifically. With the advent of technology, researchers have been able to propose and refine extensive profiles of these relentless tumors, enabling greater and more successful treatment profiles to be developed. Where treatments used to consist primarily …

Uvb Induced Mutation Of P53 In Non Melanoma Skin Cancer, Raizy Berger

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

There is a clear correlation between excessive sun exposure and the development of skin cancer. UVB radiation from the sun is potent, and as the ozone layer gets depleted, more UVB can reach Earth and cause cell damage. UV radiation causes DNA lesions, such as 6-4 photoproducts and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are more abundant and take longer to be repaired and therefore are responsible for most of the mutation and DNA damage. These DNA lesions lead to mutation of the p53 gene. The signature mutation on p53 from UV radiation is a CC to TT mutation, which …

Neuraxial Analgesia And Its Effects On Neonatal And Maternal Outcomes, Tziporah L. Falkowvsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Neuraxial analgesia is one of the most popular and effective forms of pain relief for labor and childbirth used by more than 50% of women in North America. Despite the standard use of the procedure, there is much that is still inconclusive about the side effects on mother and baby. Current studies show it has an impact on some outcomes and seemingly no effect on others. While the extent of the impact is still unclear, there are some adverse side effects of neuraxial analgesia, which include instrumental deliveries, respiratory distress and lower Apgar scores. Further research is required to conclude …

Possible Causes Of Preeclampsia And Potential Treatments, Helene Weinreb

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Its symptoms are well-defined, but the pathophysiology is not fully understood. This paper analyzes several of the most credible causes of this syndrome and attempts to relate these to the known risk factors. Current preeclampsia treatments are examined, and special focus is given to novel experimental treatments which offer hope of ending preeclampsia and eclampsia.

By What Mechanism Does Stress Affect Ovulation?, Chana Minkowicz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This paper explores the many mechanisms of how stress influences ovulation. For ovulation to occur, there needs to be a series of hormones released in a specific order, and in a specific amount. This paper will discuss the various type of stress a person can experience, and which specific reproductive hormone each different type of stress disrupts. This paper will also bring proof as to how each hormone is disturbed, and by which mechanism it is disrupted. There has not been one main mechanism that has been found thus far, therefore, it is important to take into consideration the various …

Full Issue: Volume 12, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

What Are The Mechanisms And Effects Of Age-Related Shortening Of The Spine?, Joseph Weingarten

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Osteoporosis and Degenerative Disc Disease can cause a loss of height in the spine. This paper focuses on the mechanisms that cause age-related loss of height and its effects. Possible relationships between receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and estrogen with osteoporosis are discussed, as well as possible genetic causes. Exercise may prevent osteoporosis. Osteoporosis may cause a loss of height, vertebral fracture, a decrease in maximum lung capacity, and hip fracture. Degenerative disc disease may cause shortening of the spine. Disc height loss can result in a reduction in the range of motion and stiffness at the affected …

New Medical Indications For Thalidomide And Its Derivatives, Chaya Newfield

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory and an anti-angiogenesis drug that is being used around the world for a variety of malignant and inflammatory diseases. Is it justified to continue prescribing and developing thalidomide given the discovery of many well-known side effects including catastrophic birth defects? To answer this question, this paper will discuss the pharmacology and history of thalidomide, as well as many of its proposed mechanisms of action.The medical indications for the current use of thalidomide as well as for several newer and more potent derivatives are mentioned for their therapeutic results, as well as their adverse side effects.

Can Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Produce Human Pluripotent Stem Cells For Regenerative Medicine?, Alexandra Iskhakov

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

In the last half a century, researchers and scientists discovered the application of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to clone mammalian embryos to produce a line of pluripotent stem cells for medical and laboratory use. This is a breakthrough technology that is applied to stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and cloning. Somatic cells are non-germ cells that are differentiated but provide the nuclei that are transferred to enucleated oocytes. The replacement of the nuclei results in a developing embryo that contains the genetic information of the donated nucleus, which can either be transplanted into a surrogate mother to produce a …

Relaxin As A Cure For Fibrosis, Sarah Akilov

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Until recently, relaxin has been known as a hormone that pertained to the female reproductive system. Its ability to remodel the extracellular matrix is responsible for its known reproductive effects. Current research has indicated that it may be useful as a drug to combat fibrosis. Relaxin has been proposed as an antifibrotic drug to target a variety of organs, including the skin, lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Studies done using the relaxin null knockout mouse have given scientists insight into the workings of this hormone. Human studies have also been done to test the efficacy of relaxin in its reversal …

Xenotransplantation:The Science, The Advantages, The Ethics, Chana Erlbaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Xenotransplantation is a breakthrough medicinal technology that is an attempt to change the lives of millions of people. The problems in the current organ transplant system risk the lives of patients each and every day. Intense waiting periods and extremely costly procedures exemplify the stress and pressure that these patients face as an attempt to save their own lives. Xenotransplantation is the idea of growing human organs in a different species, using incredible stem-cell and CRISPR technology. This can introduce an answer to some of the issues in the current transplant system. Many technical and ethical issues are becoming relevant …

Effect Of Systemic Antioxidant Allopurinol Therapy On Skin Flap Survival, M Ardakani, Kaveh Alizadeh, A Moghadam

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Identification And Characterization Of Microrna Differentially Expressed In Macrophages Exposed To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection, Olivier Huck, J Al-Hashemi, L Poidevin, O Poch, J Davideau, H Tenenbaum, Salomon Amar

NYMC Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of several processes associated with inflammatory diseases and infection. Bacterial infection modulates miRNA expression to subvert any innate immune response. In this study we analyzed, using microarray analysis, the bacterial modulation of miRNAs in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in which activity was induced by infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis The expression of several miRNAs was modulated 3 h postinfection (at a multiplicity of infection of 25). A bioinformatic analysis was performed to further identify pathways related to the innate immune host response under the influence of selected miRNAs. To assess the …

Possible Mechanisms That Protect The Fetus From Maternal Rejection, Adina Ziemba-Goldfarb

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

There is no other foreign tissue transplant that has such a strongly parasitic relationship with its human host as the fetus. Although the fetus contains paternal genes, is completely tolerized by its maternal host in almost all pregnancies. This presents an immunological paradox and has generated a lot of attention from leading researchers in the reproductive and immunology fields. This paper reviews the leading explanations for this paradox; that it is attributed to a detailed mechanism of the maternal and fetal immune system in which tryptophan suppresses T-cells from attacking specific paternal cells, while maintaining a strong immune response against …

Full Issue: Volume 11, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 10, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Mechanisms Of Comorbidities Associated With The Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From The Jcr:La-Cp Corpulent Rat Strain, Abdoulaye Diane, W David Pierce, Sandra Kelly, Sharon Sokolik, Rebecca Hutcheson, Petra Rocic, Spencer Proctor

NYMC Faculty Publications

Obesity and its metabolic complications have emerged as the epidemic of the new millennia. The use of obese rodent models continues to be a productive component of efforts to understand the concomitant metabolic complications of this disease. In 1978, the JCR:LA-cp rat model was developed with an autosomal recessive corpulent (cp) trait resulting from a premature stop codon in the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor. Rats that are heterozygous for the cp trait are lean-prone, while those that are homozygous (cp/cp) spontaneously display the pathophysiology of obesity as well as a metabolic syndrome (MetS)-like phenotype. Over the years, there …

Omics As Therapeutic Platform: Environmental Factors To Parkinson's Disease, Hong-Duck Kim, Shana Warner, Kamini Singh, Jae-Hyeon Cho, Diane E. Heck

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rubus Crataegifolius Bunge Regulates Adipogenesis Through Akt And Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity In Rats, Min-Sup Jung, Soo-Jung Lee, Yuno Song, Sun-Hee Jang, Wongi Min, Chung-Kil Won, Hong-Duck Kim, Tae Hoon Kim, Jae-Hyeon Cho

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the greatest public health problems and major risk factors for serious metabolic diseases and significantly increases the risk of premature death. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of Rubus crataegifolius Bunge (RCB) on adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells and its anti-obesity properties in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.

METHODS: 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats were treated with RCB, and its effect on gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and Western blotting experiments.

RESULTS: RCB treatment significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, …

Combination Of Vatalanib And A 20-Hete Synthesis Inhibitor Results In Decreased Tumor Growth In An Animal Model Of Human Glioma, Adarsh Shankar, Asm Iskander, Meenu Jain, Tom Mikkelsen, Austin M. Guo, Ali Arbab

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Due to the hypervascular nature of glioblastoma (GBM), antiangiogenic treatments, such as vatalanib, have been added as an adjuvant to control angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, evidence of progressive tumor growth and resistance to antiangiogenic treatment has been observed. To counter the unwanted effect of vatalanib on GBM growth, we have added a new agent known as N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2 methylphenyl)formamidine (HET0016), which is a selective inhibitor of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthesis. The aims of the studies were to determine 1) whether the addition of HET0016 can attenuate the unwanted effect of vatalanib on tumor growth and 2) whether the treatment …

Full Issue: Volume 10, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 9, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 8, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 9, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Sasa Borealis Stem Extract Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis In High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Yuno Song, Soo-Jung Lee, Sun-Hee Jang, Young Min Song, Hong-Duck Kim, Jae-Hyeon Cho

NYMC Faculty Publications

The aim of the current study is to examine the improving effect of Sasa borealis stem (SBS) extract extracts on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. To determine the hepatoprotective effect of SBS, we fed rats a normal regular diet (ND), HFD, and HFD supplemented with 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) SBS extracts for five weeks. We found that the body weight and liver weight of rats in the HFD + SBS group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Significantly lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were observed in the SBS-supplemented group compared …

Full Issue: Volume 8, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 7, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Full Issue: Volume 5, Issue 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.