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Poststroke Seizure And Epilepsy: A Review Of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, And Pharmacological Therapies, Joseph Phan, Mario Ramos, Theodore Soares, Mayur S. Parmar

HPD Articles

Stroke is the most common cause of epilepsy and ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of life of those affected. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes can both lead to poststroke epilepsy (PSE). Significant risk factors for PSE include age < 65age less than 65 years, stroke severity measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), cortical involvement, and genetic factors such as TRPM6 polymorphism. The diagnosis of PSE is made by using imaging modalities, blood biomarkers, and prognostic criteria. Electroencephalography (EEG) is currently the gold standard to diagnose PSE, while new combinations of modalities are being tested to increase diagnostic specificity. This literature review uncovers a newly found mechanism for the pathology of poststroke epilepsy. The pathogenesis of early-onset and late-onset is characterized by sequelae of neuronal cellular hypoxia and disruption of the blood-brain barrier, respectively. Interleukin-6 is responsible for increasing the activity of glial cells, causing gliosis and hyperexcitability of neurons. Epinephrine, high-mobility group protein B1, downregulation of CD32, and upregulation of HLA-DR impact the pathology of poststroke epilepsy by inhibiting the normal neuronal immune response. Decreased levels of neuropeptide Y, a neurotransmitter, act through multiple unique mechanisms, such as inhibiting intracellular Ca accumulation and acting as an anti-inflammatory, also implemented in the worsening progression of poststroke epilepsy. Additionally, CA1 hippocampal resonant neurons that increase theta oscillation are associated with poststroke epilepsy. Hypertensive small vessel disease may also have an implication in the temporal lobe epilepsy by causing occult microinfarctions. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential use of statins as primary prophylaxis against PSE, with multiple studies demonstrating a reduction in incidence using statins alone, statins in combination with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and statins with aspirin. The evidence strongly suggests that the second generation AEDs are a superior treatment method for PSE. Data from numerous studies demonstrate their relative lack of significant drug interactions, increased tolerability, and potential superiority in maintaining seizure-free status.

The Effects Of Gestational Exposure To Buprenorphine Or Morphine On Offspring Development, Abigail Myers

Wayne State University Theses

The opioid crisis in the United States has grown to epidemic proportions with opioid dependence among pregnant women quadrupling from 1999-2014. Opioid-dependent pregnant women are commonly given opioid maintenance therapies (e.g., buprenorphine), but the developmental and neurological effects of these drugs on offspring development are poorly understood. Our study uses a translational rodent model to characterize the developmental consequences of gestational morphine (“MS”; mimicking opioid use disorder) or buprenorphine (“BUP”; mimicking opioid maintenance therapy) exposure on exposed offspring. Female rats started BUP (1.0 mg/kg) or MS (3-6.0 mg/kg) exposure 7 days before pregnancy to represent an established user and either …

Building Tools For Improved Modulation Of The Human Gabaa Receptor, A Central Nervous System Target For The Treatment Of Anxiety, Garrett Edward Zinck

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

In the U.S., anxiety is recognized as an increasing range of mentally and physically debilitating psychiatric health disorders with significant economic repercussions. Over the last 20 years, several novel anti-anxiety therapies have entered the drug development pipeline, but none have made it to market.

The work in this dissertation focused on structurally modifying valerenic acid (VA), a structurally unique carboxylated sesquiterpene acid found in Valeriana officinalis. VA is putatively reported to have allosteric modulatory activity of the human GABA_A receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel responsible for attenuating neurotransmissions. Structural modeling of VA’s GABA_A receptor interaction suggests that …

Response Of Dopaminergic System To Cocaine Exposure, Recovery After Cocaine Abstinence, And Impact Of A Long-Acting Cocaine Hydrolase, Jing Deng

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Cocaine produces its physiological effects by targeting multiple proteins in the central nervous system, particularly by binding with dopamine transporter (DAT) to block the normal dopamine (DA) recycling process. This process along with the pleasure feeling would wear off shortly after the abstinence from the drug. However, chronic cocaine use is associated with neuroadaptations in the dopaminergic system, including increases in the density of DAT on plasma membrane of dopaminergic neurons. Given the critical role of DAT in neurotransmission, various studies have been carried out on animal models to learn its structure, function, and distribution. Long-standing evidence supports that DAT …

Evaluating The Effects Of Mechlorethamine On The Dermal-Epidermal Junction, Trishaal Janardhanam Raghavendra Rao

Theses and Dissertations

Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent first utilized on the battlefield more than 100 years ago. To the present time, no antidote to combat the dermatotoxicity of SM exists. Mechlorethamine (HN2) is a derivative of SM which is used in anticancer therapy. Dermal exposure of HN2 is associated with dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) disruption (vesication) which limits its clinical usefulness. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of vesication caused by HN2 using an in vivo mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM). The ears of male or female C57BL/ 6J mice were exposed to a …

Hemogram Results And Renal Function Before And After Administration Of Black Cumin Seed Oil In Healthy Volunteers, Titiek Hidayati, Akrom Akrom, Sagiran Sagiran, Indrayanti Indrayanti

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Black cumin seed oil (BSCO) is widely used to maintain health and strengthen the people of Indonesia’s immune system and proved to be safe for kidneys. However, the effect of BSCO usage in a healthy kidney is remaining unknown. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the 20-day administration of BCSO on kidney function in healthy volunteers. We conducted a pre- and post-control design trial in 36 healthy volunteers. The volunteers had to hold a valid health certificate from the hospital, be willing to be involved in the research as evidenced by their willingness to complete and sign …

Improved Virus Inhibition By Microencapsulated Monoclonal Antibody Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Rachatapan Junchay, Patcharapong Thangsunan, Kittipat Supchukun, Jakarwan Yostawonkul, Sasithon Temisak, Kaewta Rattnapisit, Teerapong Yata, Waranyoo Phoolcharoen

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been affecting the swine industry, especially in suckling pigs with a high mortality rate. Among all the strategies to overcome PEDV, boosting mucosal immunity in the pig intestines through oral administration appears to be more efficient than other routes. However, there are biological obstacles such as an acidic environment that could damage biologics, a product from organisms often used for PEDV treatment. The plant-derived 2C10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) from Nicotiana benthamiana produced by transient expression was revealed as one of the potential candidates against PEDV through oral delivery. Herein, we demonstrated the calcium-alginate microencapsulation …

The Successful Treatment Of Brevundimonas Diminuta Using Ceftriaxone, In A Patient On Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report And Literature Review, Sukrit Kanchanasurakit, Natnicha Woranithipokin, Piyakamol Teeranaew, Natthawee Kaewrattanapatthama, Chotirat Nakaranurack

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Brevundimonas diminuta (B. diminuta) is found in the healthcare environment and in the community. At present, there are few reports of infections caused by this microorganism, especially in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A 44-year-old woman undergoing CAPD was diagnosed with a B. diminuta infection. Ceftriaxone was given both intravenously and intraperitoneally. After treatment with ceftriaxone, the peritoneal dialysis fluid white cell count, neutrophil count, and symptoms improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a B. diminuta infection in a patient had undergoing CAPD in Thailand.

The Effect Of Pioglitazone On Phosphoproteome And Interactome Of Protein Phosphatase 2a In Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells, Lana Alghanem

Wayne State University Dissertations

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is one of the main contributors to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which is a chronic disease affecting 37.3 million people in United States (US), with an estimated annual cost exceeding $300 billion in the US. T2D is being treated with a variety of medications, including Pioglitazone (PIO), a potent insulin sensitizer for skeletal muscle. PIO is a synthetic ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), nuclear receptors regulating the expression of many genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. To date, the molecular action of PIO that sensitizes muscle to insulin is incompletely understood. Protein phosphorylation …

The Susceptibility Of Penicillin, Ceftriaxone, And Cefotaxime Against Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolated From Patients With Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases At A Teaching Hospital In Thailand, Jantima Traipattanakul, Sudaluck Thunyaharn, Juthathip Suphanklang, Wichai Santimaleeworagun

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: Pneumococcal disease is a severe invasive infection causing morbidity and death, so the appropriate antimicrobials are greatly important. We aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone against S. pneumoniae. Methods: The clinical isolates were obtained from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease admitted to Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand over a period of 10 years between 2006 and 2015. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of antibiotics including penicillin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime against S. pneumoniae isolates were determined by E-test. The MIC range, MIC50, and MIC90 (μg/ml) and percentage of susceptible isolates were recorded. Results: Forty …

Prevalence, Distribution, Treatment, And Modern Methods For In Vitro Diagnosis Of Alzheimer’S Disease In India: Challenges And Future Prospective, Sopan Nangare, Pravin Patil

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

In India, the plethora of evidence indicates that neurodegenerative conditions are a significant public health issue wherein over 4 million Indian peoples have been affected. For the past two decades, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is growing rapidly in India that may due to the significant lack of health-care services and poor knowledge of AD and another form of dementia. Therefore, this in turn to develop ultramodern techniques for the efficient detection of AD biomarkers that helps to the prognosis and diagnosis of AD. Recently, significant progress has been observed in the area of AD that includes prognosis, and …

Gc-Ms Fingerprints Combined With Chemometric Analysis For The Authentication Of Morus Alba Leaves From Thailand, Malai Satiraphan, Aye Thida, Lawan Sratthaphut, Patcharawan Tanamatayarat, Onoomar Toyama

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Morus alba L. is one of the economic plants in Thailand. Several varieties are grown in various parts of the country. Different varieties from different regions may produce dissimilar chemical fingerprints. Objectives: The gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprints of 2 varieties of M. alba leaves from three locations in Thailand, along with tea products will be established. Materials and Methods: The GC-MS chromatograms combined with chemometric analysis were used to analyze the extracts of M. alba leaves and their tea products. Results: A total of 83 compounds comprising terpenes, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and …

Determination Of Sugars And Amino Acids In Japanese Wine Using Core-Shell Liquid Chromatography Tandem Electrochemical Detection, Kana Yoshimura, Aiko Sano, Ryuichiro Suzuki, Shun-Ichi Mitomo, Yukiko Negishi, Toshiki Mutai, Florencio Arce Jr., Gerard Lee See, Takashi Tanikawa

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

In this study, sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and amino acids in plum and yuzu wines were quantified with a new and simple method involving an electrochemical detector (ECD) and core-shell column [S-30/70=St (styrene)/DVB (divinylbenzene)-5TMDAH (tetramethyldiaminohexane)]. Analysis was conducted under the following conditions: A column temperature (40°C), flow rate (0.3 mL/min), injection volume (20 μL), and mobile phase (0.1 mol/L NaOH). Glucose, fructose, and sucrose had retention times of 14.68 min, 16.22 min, and 19.29 min, respectively, when measured using an ECD. When the sugar content was compared among the plum wines, plum wine A had the lowest sugar content. …

Effect Of Chronic Kidney Disease On Warfarin Responsiveness Among Thai Patients, Sasimaporn Yaengkratok, Manat Pongchaidecha, Wichai Santimaleeworagun, Pornwalai Boonmuang

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study aims to determine the effect of chronic kidney disease on warfarin response, including initial doses, maintenance doses, time in therapeutic range (TTR), and international normalized ratio (INR) variability. This is a retrospective cohort study at Rajavithi Hospital from 2015 to 2018. A total of 189 patients were included and divided into five groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (G1, eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; G2, 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2; G3, 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2; G4, ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2; and G5, ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 with dialysis). The median age was 65.00 years, and 60.9% of patients were …

Mechanisms And Treatment Of Pain-Depressed Behavior In Male And Female Mice, Clare M. Diester

Theses and Dissertations

One of the largest discrepancies between preclinical and clinical assessment of pain and analgesia is the type of behavioral endpoint used. Although most preclinical research has historically focused on drug effectiveness to block reflexive withdrawal behaviors stimulated by a noxious stimulus, increasing evidence shows that drug-induced restoration of pain-depressed behaviors provides increased clinical translation with decreased susceptibility to false-positives. Accordingly, the first portion of this dissertation designed a behavioral battery that featured pain-depressed behaviors as well as more conventional pain-stimulated behaviors for testing candidate analgesics in male and female mice. The main findings are as follows. (1) Intraperitoneal injection of …

Modulating Ketamine’S Locomotor Activating And Reinforcing Effects Through Drug Combinations, Tegshjargal Baasansukh

Theses and Dissertations

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affects approximately 280 million people worldwide. The standard of care for pharmacological treatment of MDD has been monoaminergic antidepressants (MAA). However, MAAs have serious clinical limitations including a relatively slow onset of action and up to 40% of patients failing to respond and being diagnosed as “treatment resistant”. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, was originally approved for use as an injectable anesthetic. In addition, ketamine has been shown to rapidly improve depressive symptoms in patients with treatment resistant depression. In 2019, (S)-ketamine was approved as a nasal spray (Spravato®) for patients with MDD and treatment-resistant depression in …

Behavioral Screening And Chiral Bioanalysis Of Emerging Stimulant-Type Drugs In Rats, Tyson R. Baird

Theses and Dissertations

The epidemic of drug use in the United States and elsewhere in the world has resulted in tragic loss of life and substantial economic costs. Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are one of the contributors to this problem, and the lack of information about many of these drugs compounds their risk. This dissertation proposes a strategy to use intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as a behavioral screening tool to assess emerging drugs of abuse for their abuse potential in order to generate a proactive threat assessment. A series of stimulant-type drugs including methcathinone, α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP), cocaine, and the phenyltropane analogs of cocaine WIN35428 …

The Effect Of Acute And Chronic Arsenic Exposure On Malignant Transformation Of The Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell (Beas-2b), Bandar Almutairy

Wayne State University Dissertations

Arsenic (As3+), a metalloid abundant in the environment, is classified as a group I carcinogen associated with several common human cancers, including cancers in the lung, skin, bladder, liver, and prostate (Wei, Zhang & Tao, 2019b). The mechanisms of As3+-induced carcinogenesis had been extensively studied, and different mechanisms might be involved in various types of cancer (Wei, Zhang & Tao, 2019b). Recent studies showed that exposure to a high dose of arsenic is able to induce lung cancer. Moreover, arsenic activates oncogenic signaling pathways such as MAPKs, EGFR/RAS/RAF, PI3K/AKT, and JNK/STAT3 pathways as well as epigenetic alterations such as miRNAs …

Exploiting Modulation Of The Blood-Brain And Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability By Translational Focused Ultrasound For Therapeutic Delivery To Cns Metastases, Tasneem A. Arsiwala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound is a unique technology to modulate the integrity of tight endothelial junctions and transiently increase BBB/BTB permeability to enhance therapeutic delivery. Despite promising early studies, present literature lacks agreement on key experimental conditions, which restricts our knowledge and the technique's widespread translation. This dissertation first provides a critical review of the current gaps in knowledge regarding the universal use of LiFUS in preclinical and clinical use. We then identify key parameters for translational and predictable opening of the BBB using a 3T MRI coupled with a clinical device. Our investigation highlights that passive permeability of the …

Aging, A Pathological Factor In Neurological Injury, Aruvi Vijikumar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

One of the main reasons for CNS drugs to fail in clinical development is not considering age as a risk factor while studying chronic age-related neurological/neurodegenerative diseases in preclinical studies. We first set out to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of age on various aspects (anatomical, immunological, and biochemical) in rodents that play a key role in determining the onset, progression, and evolution of disease severity. With advancing age, the vascular structure and function are compromised which is hypothesized to accelerate cognitive decline. The initial step toward developing novel therapeutics is to characterize the age-related vascular modifications. Utilizing …

The Benefits Of Astaxanthin To Improve Pain Relief In Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial, Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon, Mary Rose Angelina Budi Harsana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Treatment of diabetic neuropathy is still carried out by providing symptomatic therapy, which only improves ± 50% of the total symptoms felt by patients, but does not tackle the underlying causes of the disease. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic carotenoid that could be an additional treatment option. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of administering astaxanthin as an additional therapy to improve the impact of pain and discomfort experienced daily by diabetes mellitus patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. We conducted a randomized experimental study with an open label design of 36 patients who had been diagnosed with …

Heavy Metal Contamination And Potential Ecological Risks In Surface Sediments Along Dar Es Salaam Harbour Channel, Benard Mwakisunga, Harishchandra B. Pratap, John F. Machiwa, Flora Stephano

Tanzania Journal of Science

Investigation of heavy metal contamination along Dar es Salaam harbour channel was carried out in order to determine their current concentrations, sources and potential ecological risks to benthic biota. Sampling was carried out from January to May 2019 and samples analysed using ICP-OES and C-H-N-S analyser. Analysis of heavy metal relationships showed that, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Co, Fe, Cd had strong relationships with each other, while Pb only related to Zn. Principal component analysis partitioned metals into two groups; PC1: Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, As, Cu, Cd, and Zn explaining 73.6% variance and PC2: Pb, Zn, and Cd …

“Data Architecture For Pharmaceutical Product Development At Alkermes”, Peter Couture, Damon Warnock, Marcus O'Mahony

Level 3

This paper describes how Alkermes built a data architecture for efficient management of non-GXP and R&D data. Using a ‘Create’, ‘Store’, Describe’ ‘Access’ stepwise model, the ingredients to making the journey a success are described.

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Molecular Cartography Of Residue Pesticides On Grape Surface In 3d By Ambient Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Hung Su, Tiao-Lai Huang, Cheng-Ting Chi, Yi-Tzu Cho, Chi-Wei Lee, Jingyueh Jeng, Jentaie Shiea

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS) was used to characterize the residual pesticides that were collected from the surface of a grape with metallic sampling probes. Fungicides, insecticides, and miticides were detected, where results were validated by simple solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. To explore the distribution of pesticide residues on grape surfaces, 149 locations of a grape surface were collected and followed by TD-ESI/MS/MS analysis. The molecular cartography was then generated from analysis of residual pesticides on the grape surface in 3D.

Variations In Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides After Calving Using P-Aminobenzoic Ethyl Ester Closed-Ring Labeling And Negative Ion Electrospray Lc/Ms/Ms, Han-Ju Chien, Yi-Chun Ma, Yi-Feng Zheng, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Wei-Chen Wang, Guor-Rong Her, Chien-Chen Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A strategy was proposed to analyze bovine milk oligosaccharides using p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester (ABEE) closed-ring labeling and C18 capillary liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Linkage specific fragment ions were used to identify oligosaccharide isomers. By constructing the mass chromatograms using linkage specific fragment ions, isomers were differentiated based on m/z values as well as temporal separation provided by liquid chromatography. In addition to disialyllactose and the single isomer lacto-N-neohexaose, four pairs of linkage isomers including 3’/6’-sialyllactose (3’/6’-SL), 3’/6’-sialyllactosamine (3’/6’-SLN), 3’/6’-sialylgalactosyl-lactose (3’/6’-SGL), and lacto-N-tetraose/lacto-N-neotetraose (LNT/LNnT) in bovine milk were investigated. Variations of bovine milk oligosaccharides in a …

Analysis Of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines Using Selective Extraction By Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coupled With Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry, Shih-Ci Jhu, Jing-Ying Wang, Hsueh-Ting Wang, Sung-Fang Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are highly carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. This study reports on the development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for the purification and quantification of HCAs. A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was successfully prepared using a surface molecular imprinting method using functionalized Fe particles as the magnetic cores. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was used as a molecular template; methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA), 2, 2′-Azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) were used as the functional monomer, crosslinker, and initiator, respectively. The use of the template/functional monomer/crosslinking agent at a ratio of 1:4:20 resulted in a product with better adsorption …

The Impact Of The Rare Disease And Orphan Drug Act In Taiwan, Ning-Chun Hsiang, Weng-Foung Huang, Churn-Shiouh Gau, Teng-Wen Tsai, Lin-Chau Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Rare Disease and Orphan Drug Act (the Act) was enacted in 2000 in Taiwan for the facilitation of the research, development, and accessibility of orphan drugs and special nutritional foods; for the prevention and early diagnosis of rare diseases; and for providing intensive care for patients with rare diseases. The aim was to investigate the impact of the Act on the availability and use of orphan drugs in Taiwan in the hope of identifying the remaining challenges and possible solutions to assist future policy making, which may be applicable in other countries as well. The information and statistics for …

Determination Of Quetiapine And Its Metabolites In Plasma By Field-Enhanced Sample Stacking, Tai-Ling Liu, Li-Shan Fang, Jing-Ru Liou, Jia-Shan Dai, Yen-Ling Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that can be used to treat mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Quetiapine is mainly converted into the active metabolites of norquetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine by the liver enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. In this study, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used as a sample pretreatment method to eliminate interferences in plasma. tert-Butyl methyl ether was chosen as the extraction solvent. Field-enhanced sample injection (FESS), an online preconcentration technique, was used to analyze quetiapine and its metabolites norquetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in plasma. The optimal separation condition was 120 mM phosphate (pH 4.0) containing …

Quantitative Analysis Of Fragrance Allergens In Various Matrixes Of Cosmetics By Liquid-Liquid Extraction And Gc-Ms, Chia-Hui Lu, Ming-Chih Fang, Yu-Zi Chen, Shou-Chieh Huang, Der-Yuan Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Fragrances are the most common chemicals in cosmetics to which people expose every day. However, the unwanted allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis caused by direct contact with fragrances may happen. In Directive 2003/15/EC of the EU, cosmetic product containing one or more of 26 fragrance allergens must be declared on the package label. In addition, commission regulation (EU) 2017/1410 amending Annexes II and III of cosmetic regulation 1223/2009 restricted fragrance chemical of methyl eugenol, and prohibited Lyral, atranol, chloroatranol to be used in cosmetic. In this study, an efficient and sensitive GC-MS method for 3 banned fragrances, 26 fragrance …