Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Pharmaceutical Risk And The Quality Of Life, Beat Hiltbrunner, Andreas Breitsprecher

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Quality-of-life research is briefly described and said to be in its infancy. However, the authors observe that such studies may, e.g., make it possible to better match patients and therapies. They also predict that, as scientific difficulties are overcome, the pharmaceutical industry will become more active in planning, implementing and evaluating such research.

Pharmacokinetics, Immune Response, And Biodistribution Of Iodine-131-Labeled Chimeric Mouse/Human Igg1, K 17-1a Monoclonal Antibody, Ruby Meredith, Albert Lobuglio, Walter Plott, Roger Orr, Ivan Brezovich, Charles Russell, Elizabeth Harvey, Michael Yester, Mansoor Saleh

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Pharmacokinetics,immunogenicity,and biodistributionof a 131I-Iabeledmouse/human chimenc monoclonal antibody (C17-1A) was studiedin six metastaticcoloncancerpatients. Pharmacokinetics obtalned from serum radioactivity or chi mera concentration were identical after 5 mCi of 131I(>17-1A withmeanalphahalf-livesof 17.6±2.3 and19.7±2.9 and meanbeta half-livesof 100.9±16.1 and 106.4±14.1 hr, respectively. HPLC analysis documented the monomeric chi rneiic17-lA withoutevidenceof immunecomplexesorfree 1311 None of the patients developed antibody after ‘31I-chi merle17-1A exposure.Radiolocalizationoccurredin known areas of disease >4 cm in all patients. The half-life of total body radioactivity was 58 ±7 hr by whole-body counts and 64 ±13 hr by urine measurements. Whole-body and bone marrow dose estimates ranged from 0.75-1 .03 and …

Effects Of Applied Soil Repellent Finish On Pesticide Residues In Work Clothing, Sandra L. Prior

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

This study explores the feasibility of using an applied soil repellent finish, Scotchgard, on 100% cotton denim fabric in order to enhance the removal of atrazine and alachlor residue during the laundering process. The experimental findings provided no statistically significant evidence that Scotchgard fabric protector reduced pesticide residuals on the 100% cotton denim fabric either before or after laundering. A significant finding secondary to the study involved the possible interaction of Scotchgard with the pesticide alachlor, leaving greater amounts of residual on the fabric after laundering than those found with no fabric treatment. This suggests that agricultural workers be cautioned …

Criminalizing Conduct Related To Hiv Transmission., Donald Hermann

College of Law Faculty

No abstract provided.

The Accumulation And Run-Down Of Dieldrin In Wethers Grazed On Paddocks Previously Treated With Dieldrin, Tony Albertsen, Roy Casey, Keith Croker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In mid 1987, the organochlorines (O/Cs) DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor and chlordane were deregistered for agricultural and horticultural use in Australia. These chemicals had been used widely, and land on several hundred Western Australian farms, particularly where potatoes had been grown, was contaminated with chemical residues. Livestock grazing pastures on such land was also contaminated, and our beef exports were threatened. In 1988, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture started a two-year project to collect information from sheep which were grazed on land that had previously been treated with O/Cs, particularly dieldrin. The levels of O/Cs in body and wool fats …

A Phase Ii Trial Of Murine Monoclonal Antibody 17-1a And Interferon-Γ: Clinical And Immunological Data, Mansoor Saleh, Albert Lobuglio, Richard Wheeler, Kimberly Rogers, Amy Haynes, Jeannette Lee, M B. Khazaeli

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

A group of 15 patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma received a combination of interferon γ (0.1 mg/m², days 1–15) and the murine monoclonal antibody 17-1A (400 mg, days 5, 7, 9 and 12). The treatment was tolerated with minimal toxicity. Of the 14 evaluable patients, 13 developed human antibody to murine 17-1A, with 11 patients demonstrating antibody to the variable region of 17-1A (anti-idiotype). Antibody to the variable region was inhibited by 17-1A but not by mouse immunoglobulin. Sera from patients with substantial anti-idiotype reactivity were capable of inhibiting the binding of murine 17-1A to antigen expressing LS174-T …

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine (January, 1989)

Contents: Introduction / The Problems : Bacteria, Toxics, Nutrients / The Solutions / Recommendations / References

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report

Prepared by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Augusta, Maine 1989.

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methodology / Statewide Water Quality Summary / State And Local Agency Programs for Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution / Process for Identification of Best Management Practices and Associated Standards / List of References / List of Figures / List of Tables

Policy For Identifying And Assessing The Health Risks Of Toxic Substances, Maine Bureau Of Health

Maine Collection

Policy for Identifying and Assessing the Health Risks of Toxic Substances

by Norman T. Anderson, Environmental Toxicology Program, Division of Disease Control, Bureau of Health (February, 1988).

Contents: Section I: Introduction / Section II: Methods / Section III: Exposure Assessment / Section IV: Hazard Identification / Section V: Hazard Assessment / Section VI: Risk Characterization / List of Figures / List of Tables

Reactions Of Organic N-Chloramines In The Gastric Fluid Of The Rat, Kathryn E. Mazina

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Using chlorine as a drinking water disinfectant may have potential health effects due to its reactivity with organic amino nitrogen compounds found in the stomach. Organic N-chloramines have been shown to form in the stomachs of laboratory rats. The possible reactions of N-chloramines in the stomach fluid were examined in this study using a model radiolabeled N-chloramine. ³⁶Cl-N-Chloropiperidine, was synthesized and purified to remove ³⁶Cl-chloride. Stomach fluid was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats which had been first fasted for 24 or 48 hours and then administered 3 mL of deionized water. Different concentrations of radiolabeled chloramine were reacted with …

The Effects Of Xanthine Analogs On Neonatal Rat And Adult Mouse Respiration, Susan M. Reynolds

Masters Theses

Apnea, a prolonged cessation of breathing, is commonly seen in premature infants. This condition, in its severest form, can be lethal and is a suspected cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Sometimes referred to as apnea of prematurity, recurrent apnea is presently being treated with respiratory stimulants known as methylxanthines (MX) such as theophylline and caffeine. The benefits of MXs are accompanied by central nervous system stimulation and cardiostimulation which may be detrimental to a premature infant. Theophylline (1,3-diMX) has been shown to produce some of its effects by antagonizing endogenous adenosine. Another xanthine, enprofylline (3-propylxanthine), is presently being …

Acute Effects Of Phenytoin And Thioridazine, Alone And Combination, Upon Water Intake And Body Weight Changes In Rats, Miriana Witzig-Krstic

Masters Theses

Concommitant medication of anticonvulsants and psychotropics appears to be predominant among mentally retarded, geriatric, and psychiatric in- and out-patient populations. Despite suggested interaction and toxicity resulting from such combination treatment, substantial data remains unavailable. This study was designed to explore effects of dual treatment of thioridazine

The Effects Of Tri-O-Cresyl Phosphate On 2',3'-Cyclicnucleotide-3'-Phosphohydrolase Activity In Neural And Non-Neural Tissue Of The Rat, Mark K. Schlager

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

A total of 44 Long-Evans rats received 5.7 g/kg tri-O-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) orally every 3 days for 6 days. A second group of 13 rats received 4.6 g/kg orally every 3 days for 6 days. Animals were administered atropine sulfate (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally every 6 hours or as needed to alleviate cholinergic symptoms. Ten control animals were given corn oil orally. Eight rats (18%) survived the 5.7 g/kg dose regimen and 5 rats (38%) survived the 4.6 g/kg dose regimen. Surviving rats were killed at 30-33 days post-dose. Signs of delayed neuropathy included ataxia and motor impairment.

The CNP activity …

The Effects Of Maternal Administration Of Methadone On Beta-Endorphin Content In The Brain And Pituitary Of The Rat Progeny, Randall L. Braun

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Methadone is often used in the maintenance and detoxification of opioid-dependent pregnant women. This use of methadone during pregnancy is known to be associated with teratogenic effects observed in the progeny. The present study is an attempt to gain insight into possible pathophysiologic mechanism(s) responsible for these teratogenic effects: specifically, a relationship between maternal methadone administration and the content of the endogenous opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, in the brain and pituitary of the rat progeny.

In brief, nulliparous mature female Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections (5 mg./kg.) of methadone hydrochloride (methadone-treated) or a similar volume of physiological saline (controls), treatment started …

The Voluntary Water Quality Monitoring Program : 1982 Project Report, Barbara Welch, Judy Potvin, Mary Ellen Dennis

Maine Collection

The Voluntary Water Quality Monitoring Program : 1982 Project Report

by Barbara Welch, Judy Potvin & Mary Ellen Dennis

Division of Environmental Evaluation and Lake Studies, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine 1982.

Contents: Understanding Maine's Lakes and Ponds / Acknowledgement / Temperature / Dissolved Oxygen / Other Measures of Lake Water Quality / Nutrients / Algae and Chlorophyll a / Transparency / Morphometry / Sampling / Protection / Classification / Answers to Most Frequently Asked Questions / Glossary of Terms / Appendix A : Maximum, Minimum, and Mean Values / Appendix B : Phosphate Content of Common Cleansers …

Sulfatides As Opiate Receptors: An Evaluation Of The Opiate Binding Potential Of Sulfogalactosylgylcerolipid, Darby Geoghegan Hand

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Cerebroside sulfate (CS) has recently been shown to bind opiate drugs in a pharmacologically relevent manner and therefore satisfy the structural requirements of an opiate receptor. Seminolipid (SGG), a novel sulfated galactosyl. glycerolipid that has been isolated from the testes of a variety of mammals, may be viewed as a structural analog of CS. In view of this structural similarity, it is reasonable to presume that SGG may also bind opiate drugs. The isolation of SGG from boar testes was accomplished using silica gel dry column chromotography with a chloroform: methanol water solvent system. The structure and purity of the …

Geophysical Surveys For Buried Waste Detection At The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Department Of Energy

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report describes a series of geophysical surveys performed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The main purpose of the surveys was to evaluate techniques, principally ground-penetrating radar, for detecting and mapping radioactive wastes buried in shallow trenches and pits.

Effects Of Organic Compounds On Amphibian Reproduction, Wesley J. Birge, Jeffrey A. Black, Robert A. Kuehne

KWRRI Research Reports

Aquatic toxicity tests were conducted with atrazine, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, trisodium nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and phenol. Each compound was administered to developmental stages of three to five amphibian species. Exposure was initiated at fertilization and maintained through 4 days posthatching. Test responses included lethality and teratogenesis. Different amphibian species exhibited varying degrees of tolerance to the selected compounds. Greatest tolerance usually was observed for the more broadly adapted semi-aquatic and terrestrial species (e.g., Bufo americanus, Bufo fowleri). The more sensitive amphibians usually included those species which normally are restricted to aquatic or moist habitats (e.g., Rana …

Bulletin 3967 - Cyanogenetic Plants Of Western Australia, T E H Aplin

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

This article deals with those native, naturalized and cultivated plants, which by virtue of contained cyanogenetic glycosides, are known to be poisonous or potentially poisonous to livestock in Western Australia.

Cyanogenetic glycosides are chemical compounds which contain a cyanogen (cyanide) radical combined with a sugar molecule. The sugar moiety may differ in glycosides obtained from different plants, and as a consequence glycosides from different plants, containing different sugar moieties, may be given different names.

When a cyanogenetic glycoside is broken down by enzyme action, through injury to the plant or by microbial action in the digestive system of the animal, …

Presumpscot River Basin - Cumberland County Tidewater Water Quality Management Plan, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Presumpscot River Basin - Cumberland County Tidewater Water Quality Management Plan

Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Division of Water Quality Evaluation and Planning, August, Maine (June 1976).

"Prepared pursuant to Section 303 (e) of the Federal Water Pollution Act Amendments of 1972"

Contents: Letter of Transmittal / Table of Contents / Appendices and Tables / I. Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations / II. Introduction / III. Water Quality / IV. Planning Activities / Appendices / Tables

Private Water Supplies, Maine Department Of Human Services

Maine Collection

Private Water Supplies

Department of Human Services, Augusta, Me. (Reprinted 1976).

Contents: Introduction / General Requirements / Types of Private Water Supplies / Procurement of Safe Water / Distribution / Appendix A & B

Pesticide Regulation And The Farm Worker, R. Craig Loveless

IUSTITIA

It has long been recognized that many pesticide products offer a potential hazard, which if unregulated, may result in injury or death. The development of highly toxic pesticides during the last decade has created a need for stricter regulation of pesticide use in the agricultural community. Specifically, the farm worker of today is in need of legislative protection from exposure to deadly chemical agents now being used to control pests and disease in the fields and orchards. Regulating the handling and use of these dangerous pesticides is but one way to protect the farmer, the farm worker, and the environment. …

Pesticide Residues In The Illinois Wild Turkey, John M. Bridges

Masters Theses

Adipose tissue from 55 turkeys, killed during the 1974 hunting season in southern Illinois, was grouped by age and location of the birds, and the pesticide concentrations in them were determined by gas/liquid chromatography. Twelve different pesticides were identified in the samples with only four, total DDT, heptachlor epoxide, toxaphene, and linuron, being present in all samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.02 ppm to 0.88 ppm.

The Great Potato Debate, James D. Hudson

Honors Theses

Anencephaly and spina bifida cystica are two of the most common severe congenital malformations consistently observed in human populations. Both represent defects in the neural tube and share a significant number of similar epidemiological associations among them, occupational class, geography, sex ratio, maternal age, year and season of the year. In anencephaly most of the brain and upper skull never form usually resulting in death within a few hours of birth. Spina bifida cystica is a malformation of the spinal cord often causing paralysis, vulnerability to infection, and early death. In 1972, Dr. J.H. Renwick presented a controversial hypothesis which …

An Historical Review Of Oil Spills Along The Maine Coast 1953-1973, Edward H. Shenton

Maine Collection

An Historical Review of Oil Spills Along the Maine Coast 1953-1973

by Edward H. Shenton

Prepared for The Maine State Planning Office, Coastal Planning Group and The Research Institute of the Gulf of Maine (TRIGOM), August, 1973.

TRIGOM Publication No. 3

Contents: Introduction / A Chronology of Significant Oil Spills / A Summary of Biological Impacts / Spill Statistics / Discussion of Results / Conclusions of the Study / Recommendations for Future Research / Appendices

Anticoagulant Half-Life Of Heparin In Human Subjects With Normal And Impaired Renal Function., Paul James Perry

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Numerous investigators have noted that individuals vary widely in their response to the anticoagulant, heparin. Animal model3 have suggested that patients with depressed renal function would be expected to clear heparin from the blood at a slower rate than patients with normal renal function.

Utilizing the Activated Coagulation Time clotting test, a method was developed to determine the anticoagulant half-life of heparin. The study calculated the half-life of heparin in a group of individuals with normal renal function and a population of patients in chronic renal failure. Intravenous heparin doses of 0,3 units/ml and 0.6 units/ml of blood were administered …

A Comparative In Vitro Metabolic Study Of Certain Pesticidal Phenyl N-Methyl-Carbamates, Larry A. Wheeler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two critical parameters in the evaluation of the toxicological hazards of the use of carbamate pesticides are: (1) a rapid, sensitive, and precise analytical method of identification of the carbamate and its metabolites; and (2) their metabolism. A method in this study was developed whereby various carbamates and their metabolites could be chromatographed in the gaseous phase. Also, a comparative in vitro study of 15,000 g liver supernatants from human, rat, and dog was performed. Additional tissues investigated for metabolic activity toward the carbamates, Zectran and Mesurol, were kidney (from the dog only) and various blood fractions (red blood cells, …

The Pharmacology Of Rodenticides, S. A. Peoples

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

The compounds used as rodenticides are tremendously varied in their chemical structure and mechanism of action. With a few exceptions, these agents are generally poisonous to all animals, including man, and a great deal of study has been directed to their toxicity in animals other than rodents. However, the development of new compounds as Norbormide and certain antifertility drugs which are highly selective in their action may justify the hope that the ideal rodenticide free of secondary toxic hazards will soon be available. Until this happy announcement is made, a review of the pharmacology of the older compounds is in …

Marker Dyes In Antibiotics, K Needham, N. Ingleton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

'For some years the presence of penicillin in milk has been a serious problem for the dairy industry.

When cows are treated for mastitis with antibiotics some residue finds its way into the milk.

Unless the milk from treated cows is withheld for at least 72 hours after treatment this residue enters the bulk milk supply.

Application Of Knowledge Of Medications By Senior Students In A Selected School Of Nursing, Patricia H. Okimi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The problem arose from the need to study the present method of pharmacology instruction in a selected school of nursing. "How much knowledge of medications do selected senior students have, and how do they apply their knowledge in the administration of medications?"

For this study, the normative survey approach was used as the method of research. Eleven senior students of nursing engaged in the administration of medications, as team leaders, were observed and questioned on two different occasions during one quarter of their school year. The tool of research used to collect data was an observation code sheet developed for …