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2018

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Articles 181 - 210 of 454

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Computer Vision Evidence Supporting Craniometric Alignment Of Rat Brain Atlases To Streamline Expert-Guided, First-Order Migration Of Hypothalamic Spatial Datasets Related To Behavioral Control, Khan, Jose Perez, Claire Wells, Olac Fuentes May 2018

Computer Vision Evidence Supporting Craniometric Alignment Of Rat Brain Atlases To Streamline Expert-Guided, First-Order Migration Of Hypothalamic Spatial Datasets Related To Behavioral Control, Khan, Jose Perez, Claire Wells, Olac Fuentes

Departmental Papers (Biology)

The rat has arguably the most widely studied brain among all animals, with numerous reference atlases for rat brain having been published since 1946. For example, many neuroscientists have used the atlases of Paxinos and Watson (PW, first published in 1982) or Swanson (S, first published in 1992) as guides to probe or map specific rat brain structures and their connections. Despite nearly three decades of contemporaneous publication, no independent attempt has been made to establish a basic framework that allows data mapped in PW to be placed in register with S, or vice versa. …

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Salience Network Response To Changes In Emotional Expressions Of Others Is Heightened During Early Adolescence: Relevance For Social Functioning, Maya L. Rosen, Margaret A. Sheridan, Kelly A. Sambrook, Meg J. Dennison, Jessica L. Jenness, Mary K. Askren, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Katie A. Mclaughlin May 2018

Salience Network Response To Changes In Emotional Expressions Of Others Is Heightened During Early Adolescence: Relevance For Social Functioning, Maya L. Rosen, Margaret A. Sheridan, Kelly A. Sambrook, Meg J. Dennison, Jessica L. Jenness, Mary K. Askren, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Katie A. Mclaughlin

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

Adolescence is a unique developmental period when the salience of social and emotional information becomes particularly pronounced. Although this increased sensitivity to social and emotional information has frequently been considered with respect to risk behaviors and psychopathology, evidence suggests that increased adolescent sensitivity to social and emotional cues may confer advantages. For example, greater sensitivity to shifts in the emotions of others is likely to promote flexible and adaptive social behavior. In this study, a sample of 54 children and adolescents (age 8–19 years) performed a delayed match-to-sample task for emotional faces while undergoing fMRI scanning. Recruitment of the anterior …

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The Characterization Of Behavioral Abnormalities In Bdnf Loxp Transgenic Mice, Ryan Brandt May 2018

The Characterization Of Behavioral Abnormalities In Bdnf Loxp Transgenic Mice, Ryan Brandt

All NMU Master's Theses

BDNF homozygous floxed mice (BDNF lox+/+) are a transgenic mouse strain used to study the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through Cre-Lox recombination when crossed with the appropriate Cre-expressing strain. BDNF lox+/+ mice contain two artificially inserted LoxP sites located upstream and downstream from the BDNF coding region. This strain was originally described as physiologically normal and fertile by Rios et al., (2001). However, current literature lacks sufficient characterization and description of its behavioral phenotype. We utilized a three-stage behavioral protocol which included home cage monitoring observations, open-field, tail suspension, and acoustic PPI to provide a detailed behavioral phenotype …

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Mechanisms And Targeting Of Neurodevelopmental Regulator Rest In Medulloblastoma Dissemination, Keri Callegari May 2018

Mechanisms And Targeting Of Neurodevelopmental Regulator Rest In Medulloblastoma Dissemination, Keri Callegari

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma (MB) has produced four subgroups: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4. While patients with WNT tumors have the best prognosis, patients with SHH tumors have a more variable prognosis concurrent with metastatic disease. This subset of SHH patients have elevated levels of the neurogenic regulator, RE1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST). To understand the role of REST in MB, we utilized a novel transgenic mouse model wherein REST expression can be conditionally elevated during postnatal development in the cells of origin of SHH MB, cerebellar granule neural progenitors (GNPs). While these mice did …

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Functional And Structural Impact Of The Loss Of The Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Lrit1 In The Mouse Retina., Catherine Ann Cobb May 2018

Functional And Structural Impact Of The Loss Of The Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Lrit1 In The Mouse Retina., Catherine Ann Cobb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mutations in genes encoding the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins nyctalopin and LRIT3 lead to complete congenital stationary night blindness because they are critical to depolarizing bipolar cell function in the retina. LRIT3 has two closely related family members, LRIT1 and LRIT2. In silico analyses of publicly available RNA-Seq data showed that Lrit1 was highly expressed in the retina. Here I describe the expression pattern and impact of loss of LRIT1 on retinal function. To enable these studies, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create an Lrit1-/- mouse line. Retinal morphology and morphometry analyses showed no gross changes in retinal structure …

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Longitudinal Tracking Of Physiological State With Electromyographic Signals., Robert Warren Stallard May 2018

Longitudinal Tracking Of Physiological State With Electromyographic Signals., Robert Warren Stallard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Electrophysiological measurements have been used in recent history to classify instantaneous physiological configurations, e.g., hand gestures. This work investigates the feasibility of working with changes in physiological configurations over time (i.e., longitudinally) using a variety of algorithms from the machine learning domain. We demonstrate a high degree of classification accuracy for a binary classification problem derived from electromyography measurements before and after a 35-day bedrest. The problem difficulty is increased with a more dynamic experiment testing for changes in astronaut sensorimotor performance by taking electromyography and force plate measurements before, during, and after a jump from a small platform. A …

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The Ush2a Gene: An Analysis Of Ultrasonic Vocalizations In A Mouse Model Of Usher Syndrome Type 2, Kiana R. Akhundzadeh May 2018

The Ush2a Gene: An Analysis Of Ultrasonic Vocalizations In A Mouse Model Of Usher Syndrome Type 2, Kiana R. Akhundzadeh

Honors Scholar Theses

Usher syndrome type 2 is a complex autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is characterized by moderate to severe congenital sensorineural hearing loss, the onset of retinitis pigmentosa in the second decade of life, and in some cases, vestibular dysfunction. Mutations in the USH2A gene account for 85% of cases of type 2. The USH2A gene is responsible for encoding the protein usherin, which has an important role in the development and function of inner ear hair cells and retinal photoreceptors. Until recently, it has been believed that carriers of the USH2A mutation were phenotype free. However, recent data has suggested …

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Is Concussion-Related Sleep Disturbance Present After Return To Play In College Athletes?, Alexander Gallaer May 2018

Is Concussion-Related Sleep Disturbance Present After Return To Play In College Athletes?, Alexander Gallaer

Honors Scholar Theses

As one of the most commonly experienced symptoms, the ramifications of sleep disruption as a result of concussion are potentially great, yet widely unexplored. Particularly troublesome is murky data regarding the length of sleep disruption following a concussion. By analyzing self-reported sleep data via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, this study seeks to investigate potential differences in sleep quality between injured college athletes 40 days after they have been cleared to play and matched controls. Data was analyzed using ANOVA analysis as well as Pearson correlation. No significant differences were found in sleep quality between groups, nor was there a …

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The Role Of Oxidative Stress And Signal Transduction In Chemotherapy-Mediated Cognitive Impairment In The Menopause Rat Model, Ciara Bagnall May 2018

The Role Of Oxidative Stress And Signal Transduction In Chemotherapy-Mediated Cognitive Impairment In The Menopause Rat Model, Ciara Bagnall

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Systemic chemotherapy treatment is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors. While many studies have established the forms of cognition and corresponding regions in the brain most affected, very little is revealed about the potential molecular mechanisms that mediate these changes. The effects of systemic treatment on the brain is likely attributed to many different mechanisms including oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. Earlier studies from our lab have investigated the effects of the chemotherapy cocktail doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC Chemotherapy) in an ovariectomized menopause animal model of ‘chemo brain’ (Salas-Ramirez et al., 2015). We observed that animals injected …

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Non-Canonical Activation Of Creb/Crh-1 Mediates Neuroprotection In A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model Of Excitotoxic Necrosis, K. Genevieve Feldmann May 2018

Non-Canonical Activation Of Creb/Crh-1 Mediates Neuroprotection In A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model Of Excitotoxic Necrosis, K. Genevieve Feldmann

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Excitotoxicity, which is a major cause of neurodegeneration in brain ischemia, can also activate neuroprotective pathways. A frequently suggested neuroprotective cascade involves the activation of the transcription factor CREB by its phosphorylation, but on its own this mode of CREB activation is promiscuous. We aim to elucidate the specific mechanism of CREB activation in excitotoxicity-induced neuroprotection, focusing on three suggested models: CREB phosphorylation by calcium-activated kinases in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and the activation of CREB by CRTC (an important cofactor). Using a C. elegans model of excitotoxicity, we demonstrate that CREB’s neuroprotective effect is mainly seen in neurons exposed …

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Event-Related Potential Studies Of Error Monitoring To Affective And Non-Affective Stimuli In Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Rebecca K. Reed May 2018

Event-Related Potential Studies Of Error Monitoring To Affective And Non-Affective Stimuli In Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Rebecca K. Reed

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

It is hypothesized that prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function may be still under development in adolescents. As the generator of the error-related negativity (ERN) and the N2, the ACC is expected to be sensitive to the degree of development with age. In adults, these top-down control areas ideally serve to direct attention to goal-relevant information, which can increase the likelihood of making a correct choice, even in fast-response laboratory based tasks. However, adolescents may show increased susceptibility in these top-down control areas when the stimulus is social and emotional. In the first study, event-related potentials were …

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Dementia Gone Viral: How Years Of Research Linking Alzheimer's Disease And Infections Has Been Lost In Translation, Mary Sawyer May 2018

Dementia Gone Viral: How Years Of Research Linking Alzheimer's Disease And Infections Has Been Lost In Translation, Mary Sawyer

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Animal Linguistics: How Human Language Developed From Animal Communication, Fritz Josephsen May 2018

Animal Linguistics: How Human Language Developed From Animal Communication, Fritz Josephsen

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Understanding Blindsight As A Window To Consciousness, Danielle Wald May 2018

Understanding Blindsight As A Window To Consciousness, Danielle Wald

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Let's Get Scent-I-Mental, David Perez May 2018

Let's Get Scent-I-Mental, David Perez

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Oxytocin & Vasopressin: How Social Ties Are Formed, Rachel Arens May 2018

Oxytocin & Vasopressin: How Social Ties Are Formed, Rachel Arens

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Eureka Zika! How The Feared Virus May Be The Key To Treating Gliobastoma, Samantha Palicz May 2018

Eureka Zika! How The Feared Virus May Be The Key To Treating Gliobastoma, Samantha Palicz

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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All Roads Lead To Anxiety: Mental Health In Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Nikki Scheman May 2018

All Roads Lead To Anxiety: Mental Health In Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Nikki Scheman

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Synesthesia: Sometimes, You Really Do Eat Your Words, John Wilhelm May 2018

Synesthesia: Sometimes, You Really Do Eat Your Words, John Wilhelm

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Deafness & Language, Yara Al-Nouri May 2018

Deafness & Language, Yara Al-Nouri

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Hugs Vs. Drugs: How Zebrafish And The Science Of Social Attachment Can Help Us Understand America's Opioid Epidemic, Eduardo Vargas May 2018

Hugs Vs. Drugs: How Zebrafish And The Science Of Social Attachment Can Help Us Understand America's Opioid Epidemic, Eduardo Vargas

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Mushrooms For Improvement: The Case For Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy, Harry Justus May 2018

Mushrooms For Improvement: The Case For Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy, Harry Justus

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Contents May 2018

Contents

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Parasite Mind Control: How A Single Celled Parasite Carried In The Cat Intestine May Be Quietly Tweaking Our Behavior, Sophie Letcher May 2018

Parasite Mind Control: How A Single Celled Parasite Carried In The Cat Intestine May Be Quietly Tweaking Our Behavior, Sophie Letcher

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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News On Nootropics: Is Metacognition Right For You?, Diana Aboubakare May 2018

News On Nootropics: Is Metacognition Right For You?, Diana Aboubakare

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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The Curious Question Of Social Synchronization, Jennifer Cabiya May 2018

The Curious Question Of Social Synchronization, Jennifer Cabiya

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Scientific Kenyon Neuroscience Edition (Full Issue) May 2018

Scientific Kenyon Neuroscience Edition (Full Issue)

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Shifting The Blame: A Closer Look At Eating Disorders, Kelsey Trulik May 2018

Shifting The Blame: A Closer Look At Eating Disorders, Kelsey Trulik

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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New Body, Who Dis: Getting Ahead, Dana Oakes May 2018

New Body, Who Dis: Getting Ahead, Dana Oakes

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Spinal Cord Injuries: The Life After, Woo Jeon May 2018

Spinal Cord Injuries: The Life After, Woo Jeon

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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