Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 61 - 90 of 152

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Designs And Outcomes Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Tms) And Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Rtms) Circuits, Daniel Senda Dec 2021

Designs And Outcomes Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Tms) And Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Rtms) Circuits, Daniel Senda

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This thesis reports the design and outcomes of several circuits intended for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) research. In simple terms, TMS circuits are composed of four main blocks: high voltage power source, energy storage bank, control switch, and coil. Each one of these blocks has characteristics that influence how well the circuit will perform for TMS procedures. A successful TMS research circuit must have the ability to emit controlled electromagnetic pulses through a coil connected to it. For the first block, voltages ranging from 50 V to 2 kV were used. In the second …

Go to article

Axon Initial Segment Morphology Across Typical Cortical Development And In Mouse Models Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders With A High Incidence Of Epilepsy, Rachel Ali Rodriguez Dec 2021

Axon Initial Segment Morphology Across Typical Cortical Development And In Mouse Models Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders With A High Incidence Of Epilepsy, Rachel Ali Rodriguez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are commonly associated with a high incidence of epileptic seizures which result from excessive firing of neurons. The axon initial segment (AIS) is a neuronal compartment essential for the control of activity patterns of neurons. The AIS undergoes important modifications during development, but the molecular mechanisms that affect the development, morphology, and protein composition of the AIS are still not well understood. We examined AIS morphology of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal neurons in wildtype mice across development and in two mouse models of NDDs. Results indicate restructurings at the AIS during typical development, some of which …

Go to article

Multiple Approaches To Auditory Rhythm: Development Of Sustained Musical Beat And The Relation To Language, Development Of Rhythmic Categories Via Iterated Production, And A Meta-Analytic Study Of Neural Entrainment To Beat, Karli Marie Nave Dec 2021

Multiple Approaches To Auditory Rhythm: Development Of Sustained Musical Beat And The Relation To Language, Development Of Rhythmic Categories Via Iterated Production, And A Meta-Analytic Study Of Neural Entrainment To Beat, Karli Marie Nave

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Rhythm is ubiquitous to human communication, coordination, and experience of music. In this dissertation, I address three empirical questions through three different methodologies, all of which contribute to the growing body of literature on human auditory rhythm processing. In Chapter 2, I present a registered report detailing the results of independent conceptual replications of Nozaradan, Peretz, Missal, & Mouraux (2011), all using the same vetted protocol. Listeners performed the same tasks as in Nozaradan et al. (2011), with the addition of behavioral measures of perception. In neuroscience, neural correlates to musical beat perception have been identified, yet little to no …

Go to article

The Role Of Vitamin E In Slowing Down Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review, Ram Lakhan, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Frazier B. Beatty Nov 2021

The Role Of Vitamin E In Slowing Down Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review, Ram Lakhan, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Frazier B. Beatty

Social and Behavioral Health Faculty Research

With the aging population, dementia emerges as a public health concern. In 2012, the Health and Retirement Study found that 8.8% of adults over 65 years suffered from dementia. The etiopathogenesis and treatment of dementia are not well understood. Antioxidant properties of Vitamin E and its major elements tocopherols and tocotrienols have been reported to be effective in slowing down the progression of dementia from its initial stage of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the current review aims to explore the role of vitamin E on MCI. A literature search using the key words “Vitamin E, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and mild …

Go to article

Cognitive Effects Of The Bet Protein Inhibitor Apabetalone: A Prespecified Montreal Cognitive Assessment Analysis Nested In The Betonmace Randomized Controlled Trial, Jeffrey Cummings, Gregory G. Schwartz, Stephen J. Nicholls, Aziz Khan, Chris Halliday, Peter P. Toth, Michael Sweeney, Jan O. Johansson, Norman C.W. Wong, Ewelina Kulikowski, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Kenneth Lebioda, Henry N. Ginsberg, Bengt Winblad, Henrik Zetterberg, Kausik K. Ray Oct 2021

Cognitive Effects Of The Bet Protein Inhibitor Apabetalone: A Prespecified Montreal Cognitive Assessment Analysis Nested In The Betonmace Randomized Controlled Trial, Jeffrey Cummings, Gregory G. Schwartz, Stephen J. Nicholls, Aziz Khan, Chris Halliday, Peter P. Toth, Michael Sweeney, Jan O. Johansson, Norman C.W. Wong, Ewelina Kulikowski, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Kenneth Lebioda, Henry N. Ginsberg, Bengt Winblad, Henrik Zetterberg, Kausik K. Ray

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Epigenetic changes may contribute importantly to cognitive decline in late life including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic 'readers' that may distort normal gene expression and contribute to chronic disorders. Objective: To assess the effects of apabetalone, a small molecule BET protein inhibitor, on cognitive performance of patients 70 years or older participating in a randomized trial of patients at high risk for major cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was performed on all patients 70 years or older at the time of randomization. 464 participants were randomized …

Go to article

Single-Cell Rna Sequencing Deconvolutes The In Vivo Heterogeneity Of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Zun Wang, Xiaohua Li, Junxiao Yang, Yun Gong, Huixi Zhang, Xiang Qiu, Ying Liu, Cui Zhou, Yu Chen, Jonathan Greenbaum, Liang Cheng, Yihe Hu, Jie Xie, Xucheng Yang, Yusheng Li, Martin R. Schiller Oct 2021

Single-Cell Rna Sequencing Deconvolutes The In Vivo Heterogeneity Of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Zun Wang, Xiaohua Li, Junxiao Yang, Yun Gong, Huixi Zhang, Xiang Qiu, Ying Liu, Cui Zhou, Yu Chen, Jonathan Greenbaum, Liang Cheng, Yihe Hu, Jie Xie, Xucheng Yang, Yusheng Li, Martin R. Schiller

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that have a critical role in the maintenance of skeletal tissues such as bone, cartilage, and the fat in bone marrow. In addition to providing microenvironmental support for hematopoietic processes, BM-MSCs can differentiate into various mesodermal lineages including osteoblast/osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte that are crucial for bone metabolism. While BM-MSCs have high cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression, the cell subtypes that contribute to this heterogeneity in vivo in humans have not been characterized. To investigate the transcriptional diversity of BM-MSCs, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on freshly isolated CD271+ …

Go to article

The Costs Of Developing Treatments For Alzheimer’S Disease: A Retrospective Exploration, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Dana P. Goldman, Nicholas R. Simmons-Stern, Eric Ponton Sep 2021

The Costs Of Developing Treatments For Alzheimer’S Disease: A Retrospective Exploration, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Dana P. Goldman, Nicholas R. Simmons-Stern, Eric Ponton

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: With the exception of the recent accelerated approval of aducanumab, in over 26 years of research and development (R&D) investment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), only five novel drugs—all for symptomatic treatment only—have reached FDA approval. Here, we estimate the costs of AD drug development during this period in the private sector. Methods: To estimate private R&D funding, we collected information on AD clinical trials (n = 1099; phases 1–4) conducted between January 1, 1995 and June 21, 2021 from various databases. Costs were derived using previously published methodologies and adjusted for inflation. Results: Since 1995, cumulative private expenditures on …

Go to article

Altered Theta Rhythm And Hippocampal-Cortical Interactions Underlie Working Memory Deficits In A Hyperglycemia Risk Factor Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Ryan A. Wirt, Lauren A. Crew, Andrew A. Ortiz, Adam M. Mcneela, Emmanuel Flores, Jefferson W. Kinney, James M. Hyman Sep 2021

Altered Theta Rhythm And Hippocampal-Cortical Interactions Underlie Working Memory Deficits In A Hyperglycemia Risk Factor Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Ryan A. Wirt, Lauren A. Crew, Andrew A. Ortiz, Adam M. Mcneela, Emmanuel Flores, Jefferson W. Kinney, James M. Hyman

Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Research

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with dysregulated glucose and insulin levels and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) later in life. It is thought that chronic hyperglycemia leads to neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus leading to cognitive decline, but effects on hippocampal network activity are unknown. A sustained hyperglycemic state was induced in otherwise healthy animals and subjects were then tested on a spatial delayed alternation task while recording from the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hyperglycemic animals performed worse on long delay trials and had multiple electrophysiological differences throughout the task. We …

Go to article

The Amyloid-Β Pathway In Alzheimer’S Disease, Harald Hampel, John Hardy, Kaj Blennow, Christopher Chen, George Perry, Seung Hyun Kim, Victor L. Villemagne, Paul Aisen, Michele Vendruscolo, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Colin L. Masters, Min Cho, Lars Lannfelt, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Andrea Vergallo Aug 2021

The Amyloid-Β Pathway In Alzheimer’S Disease, Harald Hampel, John Hardy, Kaj Blennow, Christopher Chen, George Perry, Seung Hyun Kim, Victor L. Villemagne, Paul Aisen, Michele Vendruscolo, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Colin L. Masters, Min Cho, Lars Lannfelt, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Andrea Vergallo

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Breakthroughs in molecular medicine have positioned the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway at the center of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. While the detailed molecular mechanisms of the pathway and the spatial-temporal dynamics leading to synaptic failure, neurodegeneration, and clinical onset are still under intense investigation, the established biochemical alterations of the Aβ cycle remain the core biological hallmark of AD and are promising targets for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Here, we systematically review and update the vast state-of-the-art literature of Aβ science with evidence from basic research studies to human genetic and multi-modal biomarker investigations, which supports a crucial role of …

Go to article

A Compact 1200 V, 700 A, Igbt-Based Pulse Generator For Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In Vivo Laboratory Experiments On Small Animals, Daniel Senda, Haley Strong, Dustin Hines, Rochelle Hines, R. Jacob Baker Aug 2021

A Compact 1200 V, 700 A, Igbt-Based Pulse Generator For Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In Vivo Laboratory Experiments On Small Animals, Daniel Senda, Haley Strong, Dustin Hines, Rochelle Hines, R. Jacob Baker

Psychology Faculty Research

An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) pulse generator for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation used for in vivo laboratory experiments on small animals, such as mice, is reported. The pulse generator is based upon an IGBT that can switch 700 A of current for 1 ms and that has a DC breakdown voltage of 1200 V. The duration of the design’s output pulse is controlled by, and follows, an input trigger pulse. The voltage amplitude of the output pulses is determined by an external high-voltage power supply and the energy stored in a 330 µF capacitor bank. The approach enables the amplitude …

Go to article

Estimating Progression Rates Across The Spectrum Of Alzheimer’S Disease For Amyloid-Positive Individuals Using National Alzheimer’S Coordinating Center Data, Michele Potashman, Marric Buessing, Mihaela Levitchi Benea, Jeffrey Cummings, Soo Borson, Peter Pemberton-Ross, Andrew J. Epstein Aug 2021

Estimating Progression Rates Across The Spectrum Of Alzheimer’S Disease For Amyloid-Positive Individuals Using National Alzheimer’S Coordinating Center Data, Michele Potashman, Marric Buessing, Mihaela Levitchi Benea, Jeffrey Cummings, Soo Borson, Peter Pemberton-Ross, Andrew J. Epstein

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: Published estimates of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression do not capture the full disease continuum. This study provides transition probabilities of individuals with amyloid-β (Aβ+) pathology across the disease continuum. Methods: Patient-level longitudinal data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center were used to estimate progression rates. Progression rates through five clinically defined AD stages—asymptomatic, mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD), mild AD dementia, moderate AD dementia, severe AD dementia—and death were measured as transition probabilities. Rates were assessed in “incident” patients who recently entered the stage, controlling for covariates. Transition probabilities were generated from multinomial logit regression models that …

Go to article

Developing Methods To Detect And Diagnose Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy During Life: Rationale, Design, And Methodology For The Diagnose Cte Research Project, Jeffrey Cummings, Numerous Authors, See Full List Below Aug 2021

Developing Methods To Detect And Diagnose Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy During Life: Rationale, Design, And Methodology For The Diagnose Cte Research Project, Jeffrey Cummings, Numerous Authors, See Full List Below

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts, including boxers and American football, soccer, ice hockey, and rugby players. CTE cannot yet be diagnosed during life. In December 2015, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke awarded a seven-year grant (U01NS093334) to fund the “Diagnostics, Imaging, and Genetics Network for the Objective Study and Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (DIAGNOSE CTE) Research Project.” The objectives of this multicenter project are to: develop in vivo fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers for CTE; characterize its clinical presentation; refine …

Go to article

Aducanumab: Appropriate Use Recommendations, Jeffrey Cummings, Steve Salloway Jul 2021

Aducanumab: Appropriate Use Recommendations, Jeffrey Cummings, Steve Salloway

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Aducanumab recently received accelerated approval by the FDA. An Expert Panel was comprised to provide recommendations on appropriate use of aducanumab in real world practices. Patient selection, aducanumab administration and monitoring, management of ARIA, and best practices in patient care in the context of aducanumab therapy are described. The paper was published in the Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.

Go to article

Severe Covid-19 In Alzheimer’S Disease: Apoe4’S Fault Again?, Nian Xiong, Martin R. Schiller, Jingwen Li, Xiaowu Chen, Zhicheng Lin Jun 2021

Severe Covid-19 In Alzheimer’S Disease: Apoe4’S Fault Again?, Nian Xiong, Martin R. Schiller, Jingwen Li, Xiaowu Chen, Zhicheng Lin

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Challenges have been recognized in healthcare of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the COVID-19 pandemic, given a high infection and mortality rate of COVID-19 in these patients. This situation urges the identification of underlying risks and preferably biomarkers for evidence-based, more effective healthcare. Towards this goal, current literature review and network analysis synthesize available information on the AD-related gene APOE into four lines of mechanistic evidence. At a cellular level, the risk isoform APOE4 confers high infectivity by the underlying coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; at a genetic level, APOE4 is associated with severe COVID-19; at a pathway level, networking connects APOE …

Go to article

Alzheimer’S Disease Drug Development Pipeline: 2021, Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Kate Zhong, Jorge Fonseca, Kazem Taghva May 2021

Alzheimer’S Disease Drug Development Pipeline: 2021, Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Kate Zhong, Jorge Fonseca, Kazem Taghva

Brain Health Faculty Research

Introduction The number of individuals worldwide with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing at a rapid rate. New treatments are urgently needed. We review the current pipeline of drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Methods We interrogated ClinicalTrials.gov, the federal registry of clinical trials to identify drugs in trials. Results There are 126 agents in 152 trials assessing new therapies for AD: 28 treatments in Phase 3 trials, 74 in Phase 2, and 24 in Phase 1. The majority of drugs in trials (82.5%) target the underlying biology of AD with the intent of disease modification; 10.3% are …

Go to article

Sulfide Catabolism Ameliorates Hypoxic Brain Injury, Eizo Marutani, Masanobu Morita, Shuichi Hirai, Shinichi Kai, Robert M.H. Grange, Yusuke Miyazaki, Fumiaki Nagashima, Lisa Traeger, Aurora Magliocca, Tomoaki Ida, Tetsuro Matsunaga, Daniel R. Flicker, Benjamin Corman, Naohiro Mori, Yumiko Yamazaki, Annabelle Batten, Rebecca Li, Tomohiro Tanaka, Takamitsu Ikeda, Akito Nakagawa, Dmitriy N. Atochin, Hideshi Ihara, Benjamin A. Olenchock, Xinggui Shen, Motohiro Nishida, Kenjiro Hanaoka, Christopher G. Kevil, Ming Xian, Donald B. Bloch, Takaaki Akaike, Allyson G. Hindle May 2021

Sulfide Catabolism Ameliorates Hypoxic Brain Injury, Eizo Marutani, Masanobu Morita, Shuichi Hirai, Shinichi Kai, Robert M.H. Grange, Yusuke Miyazaki, Fumiaki Nagashima, Lisa Traeger, Aurora Magliocca, Tomoaki Ida, Tetsuro Matsunaga, Daniel R. Flicker, Benjamin Corman, Naohiro Mori, Yumiko Yamazaki, Annabelle Batten, Rebecca Li, Tomohiro Tanaka, Takamitsu Ikeda, Akito Nakagawa, Dmitriy N. Atochin, Hideshi Ihara, Benjamin A. Olenchock, Xinggui Shen, Motohiro Nishida, Kenjiro Hanaoka, Christopher G. Kevil, Ming Xian, Donald B. Bloch, Takaaki Akaike, Allyson G. Hindle

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The mammalian brain is highly vulnerable to oxygen deprivation, yet the mechanism underlying the brain’s sensitivity to hypoxia is incompletely understood. Hypoxia induces accumulation of hydrogen sulfide, a gas that inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Here, we show that, in mice, rats, and naturally hypoxia-tolerant ground squirrels, the sensitivity of the brain to hypoxia is inversely related to the levels of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and the capacity to catabolize sulfide. Silencing SQOR increased the sensitivity of the brain to hypoxia, whereas neuron-specific SQOR expression prevented hypoxia-induced sulfide accumulation, bioenergetic failure, and ischemic brain injury. Excluding SQOR from mitochondria increased sensitivity to hypoxia …

Go to article

Scaling Up Information Sharing On Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Raising Awareness And Knowledge Among Key Stakeholders, Renato M. Liboro, Paul A. Shuper, Lori E. Ross May 2021

Scaling Up Information Sharing On Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Raising Awareness And Knowledge Among Key Stakeholders, Renato M. Liboro, Paul A. Shuper, Lori E. Ross

Psychology Faculty Research

Although the majority of specialists and researchers in the field of HIV/AIDS are aware and knowledgeable about HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) as a condition that affects as much as 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), research has documented that many health care and service providers who work directly with PLWH are either unaware of HAND or believe they do not know enough information about HAND to effectively support their clients experiencing neurocognitive challenges. Based on the findings of a qualitative study that interviewed 33 health care and service providers in HIV/AIDS services to identify and examine their awareness and …

Go to article

Value-Generating Exploratory Trials In Neurodegenerative Dementias, Lauren G. Friedman, Nicholas Mckeehan, Yuko Hara, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Dawn C. Matthews, Jian Zhu, Richard C. Mohs, Deli Wang, Suzanne B. Hendrix, Melanie Quintana, Lon S. Schneider, Michael Grundman, Samuel P. Dickson, Howard H. Feldman, Judith Jaeger, Elizabeth C. Finger, J. Michael Ryan, Debra Niehoff, Susan L.J. Dickinson, Jessica T. Markowitz, Meriel Owen, Alessio Travaglia, Howard M. Fillit May 2021

Value-Generating Exploratory Trials In Neurodegenerative Dementias, Lauren G. Friedman, Nicholas Mckeehan, Yuko Hara, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Dawn C. Matthews, Jian Zhu, Richard C. Mohs, Deli Wang, Suzanne B. Hendrix, Melanie Quintana, Lon S. Schneider, Michael Grundman, Samuel P. Dickson, Howard H. Feldman, Judith Jaeger, Elizabeth C. Finger, J. Michael Ryan, Debra Niehoff, Susan L.J. Dickinson, Jessica T. Markowitz, Meriel Owen, Alessio Travaglia, Howard M. Fillit

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Drug development for Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative dementias, including frontotemporal dementia, has experienced a long history of phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials that failed to show efficacy of investigational drugs. Despite differences in clinical and behavioral characteristics, these disorders have shared pathologies and face common challenges in designing early-phase trials that are predictive of late-stage success. Here, we discuss exploratory clinical trials in neurodegenerative dementias. These are generally phase 1b or phase 2a trials that are designed to assess pharmacologic effects and rely on biomarker outcomes, with shorter treatment durations and fewer patients than traditional phase 2 …

Go to article

Effects Of Bimodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Modulation Of Spinal Circuitry In People With Chronic Post-Stroke Hemiparesis, John Patrick Gan, Rafael Cabrera, Lana Laudermilch, Benjamin Wolkenhauer May 2021

Effects Of Bimodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Modulation Of Spinal Circuitry In People With Chronic Post-Stroke Hemiparesis, John Patrick Gan, Rafael Cabrera, Lana Laudermilch, Benjamin Wolkenhauer

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background: Stroke can lead to gait abnormalities such as foot drop. Foot drop can result from decreased corticospinal tract input to the ankle dorsiflexors and/or from exaggerated stretch reflexes on the soleus due to reduced reciprocal inhibition from spinal reflex pathways. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) attempts to modulate corticospinal tract input and spinal reflex pathways by delivering electrical signals to parts of the brain. The degree of neuromodulation from tDCS can be measured through the Hoffman Reflex (H-reflex)—a tool used to estimate alpha motor neuron excitability which is increased in individuals post-stroke. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study …

Go to article

Aducanumab Produced A Clinically Meaningful Benefit In Association With Amyloid Lowering, Jeffrey Cummings, Paul Aisen, Cynthia Lemere, Alireza Atri, Marwan Sabbagh, Stephen Salloway May 2021

Aducanumab Produced A Clinically Meaningful Benefit In Association With Amyloid Lowering, Jeffrey Cummings, Paul Aisen, Cynthia Lemere, Alireza Atri, Marwan Sabbagh, Stephen Salloway

School of Medicine Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Diagnostic Criteria For Apathy In Neurocognitive Disorders, David S. Miller, Philippe Robert, Larry Ereshefsky, Lawrence Adler, Daniel Bateman, Jeff Cummings, Steven T. Dekosky, Corinne E. Fischer, Masud Husain, Zahinoor Ismail, Judith Jaeger, Alan J. Lerner, Abby Li, Constantine G. Lyketsos, Valeria Manera, Jacobo Mintzer, Hans J. Moebius, Moyra Mortby, Didier Meulien, Stephane Pollentier, Anton Porsteinsson, Jill Rasmussen, Paul B. Rosenberg, Myuri T. Ruthirakuhan, Mary Sano, Carla Zucchero Sarracini, Krista L. Lanctôt May 2021

Diagnostic Criteria For Apathy In Neurocognitive Disorders, David S. Miller, Philippe Robert, Larry Ereshefsky, Lawrence Adler, Daniel Bateman, Jeff Cummings, Steven T. Dekosky, Corinne E. Fischer, Masud Husain, Zahinoor Ismail, Judith Jaeger, Alan J. Lerner, Abby Li, Constantine G. Lyketsos, Valeria Manera, Jacobo Mintzer, Hans J. Moebius, Moyra Mortby, Didier Meulien, Stephane Pollentier, Anton Porsteinsson, Jill Rasmussen, Paul B. Rosenberg, Myuri T. Ruthirakuhan, Mary Sano, Carla Zucchero Sarracini, Krista L. Lanctôt

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: Apathy is common in neurocognitive disorders (NCD) but NCD-specific diagnostic criteria are needed. Methods: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials Methodology Apathy Work Group convened an expert group and sought input from academia, health-care, industry, and regulatory bodies. A modified Delphi methodology was followed, and included an extensive literature review, two surveys, and two meetings at international conferences, culminating in a consensus meeting in 2019. Results: The final criteria reached consensus with more than 80% agreement on all parts and included: limited to people with NCD; symptoms persistent or frequently recurrent over at least 4 weeks, a change …

Go to article

Development Of A Novel Cognitive-Motor Dual Task Assessment Battery In Neurodegenerative Disease, Jason Longhurst May 2021

Development Of A Novel Cognitive-Motor Dual Task Assessment Battery In Neurodegenerative Disease, Jason Longhurst

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Automaticity --- the ability to perform a task with directing attentional resources to its completion --- is commonly reduced among individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. These automaticity deficits result in impaired functional and daily activities and are sensitive to subtle, subclinical impairments. However, current measurement of automaticity by dual task paradigms is methodologically limited. In order to gain insight into the current state of the literature regarding cognitive-motor interference in symptomatic and prodromal neurodegenerative disease, the author of this dissertation conducted a scoping review (Chapter 1). To address the methodological limitations of current measurement of automaticity, a new measurement tool was …

Go to article

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2b Proof-Of-Concept Clinical Trial In Early Alzheimer’S Disease With Lecanemab, An Anti-Aβ Protofibril Antibody, Chad J. Swanson, Yong Zhang, Shobha Dhadda, Jinping Wang, June Kaplow, Robert Y.K. Lai, Lars Lannfelt, Heather Bradley, Martin Rabe, Akihiko Koyama, Larisa Reyderman, Donald A. Berry, Scott Berry, Robert Gordon, Lynn D. Kramer, Jeffrey L. Cummings Apr 2021

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2b Proof-Of-Concept Clinical Trial In Early Alzheimer’S Disease With Lecanemab, An Anti-Aβ Protofibril Antibody, Chad J. Swanson, Yong Zhang, Shobha Dhadda, Jinping Wang, June Kaplow, Robert Y.K. Lai, Lars Lannfelt, Heather Bradley, Martin Rabe, Akihiko Koyama, Larisa Reyderman, Donald A. Berry, Scott Berry, Robert Gordon, Lynn D. Kramer, Jeffrey L. Cummings

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Lecanemab (BAN2401), an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, preferentially targets soluble aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ), with activity across oligomers, protofibrils, and insoluble fibrils. BAN2401-G000-201, a randomized double-blind clinical trial, utilized a Bayesian design with response-adaptive randomization to assess 3 doses across 2 regimens of lecanemab versus placebo in early Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild AD dementia. Methods: BAN2401-G000-201 aimed to establish the effective dose 90% (ED90), defined as the simplest dose that achieves ≥90% of the maximum treatment effect. The primary endpoint was Bayesian analysis of 12-month clinical change on the Alzheimer’s Disease Composite …

Go to article

Validation Of Induced Microglia-Like Cells (Img Cells) For Future Studies Of Brain Diseases, Atoshi Banerjee, Yimei Lu, Kenny Do, Travis Mize, Xiaogang Wu, Xiangning Chen, Jingchun Chen Apr 2021

Validation Of Induced Microglia-Like Cells (Img Cells) For Future Studies Of Brain Diseases, Atoshi Banerjee, Yimei Lu, Kenny Do, Travis Mize, Xiaogang Wu, Xiangning Chen, Jingchun Chen

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Microglia are the primary resident immune cells of the central nervous system that maintain physiological homeostasis in the brain and contribute to the pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the lack of appropriate human cellular models, it is difficult to study the basic pathophysiological processes linking microglia to brain diseases. In this study, we adopted a microglia-like cellular model derived from peripheral blood monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). We characterized and validated this in vitro cellular model by morphology, immunocytochemistry, gene expression profiles, and functional study. Our results indicated that the iMG …

Go to article

Influence Of Previous Covid-19 And Mastitis Infections On The Secretion Of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Nerve Growth Factor In Human Milk, Veronique Demers-Mathieu, Dustin J. Hines, Rochelle M. Hines, Sirima Lavangnananda, Shawn Fels, Elena Medo Apr 2021

Influence Of Previous Covid-19 And Mastitis Infections On The Secretion Of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Nerve Growth Factor In Human Milk, Veronique Demers-Mathieu, Dustin J. Hines, Rochelle M. Hines, Sirima Lavangnananda, Shawn Fels, Elena Medo

Psychology Faculty Research

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) play a critical role in neurodevelopment, where breast milk is a significant dietary source. The impact of previous COVID-19 infection and mastitis on the concentration of BDNF and NGF in human milk was investigated. Methods: Concentrations of BDNF and NGF were measured via ELISA in human milk samples collected from 12 mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR, 13 mothers with viral symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, and 22 unexposed mothers (pre-pandemic Ctl-2018). These neurotrophins were also determined in 12 mothers with previous mastitis and 18 mothers without mastitis. Results: The NGF …

Go to article

#Eegmanylabs: Investigating The Replicability Of Influential Eeg Experiments, Yuri G. Pavlov, Nika Adamian, Stefan Appelhoff, Mahnaz Arvaneh, Christopher S.Y. Benwell, Christian Beste, Amy R. Bland, Daniel E. Bradford, Florian Bublatzky, Niko A. Busch, Peter E. Clayson, Damian Cruse, Artur Czeszumski, Anna Dreber, Guillaume Dumas, Benedikt Ehinger, Giorgio Ganis, Xun He, José A. Hinojosa, Christoph Huber-Huber, Michael Inzlicht, Bradley N. Jack, Magnus Johannesson, Rhiannon Jones, Evgenii Kalenkovich, Laura Kaltwasser, Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani, Andreas Keil, Peter Koning, Layla Kouara Apr 2021

#Eegmanylabs: Investigating The Replicability Of Influential Eeg Experiments, Yuri G. Pavlov, Nika Adamian, Stefan Appelhoff, Mahnaz Arvaneh, Christopher S.Y. Benwell, Christian Beste, Amy R. Bland, Daniel E. Bradford, Florian Bublatzky, Niko A. Busch, Peter E. Clayson, Damian Cruse, Artur Czeszumski, Anna Dreber, Guillaume Dumas, Benedikt Ehinger, Giorgio Ganis, Xun He, José A. Hinojosa, Christoph Huber-Huber, Michael Inzlicht, Bradley N. Jack, Magnus Johannesson, Rhiannon Jones, Evgenii Kalenkovich, Laura Kaltwasser, Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani, Andreas Keil, Peter Koning, Layla Kouara

Psychology Faculty Research

There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability …

Go to article

Cortical Representation And Excitability Increases For A Thenar Muscle Mediate Improvement In Short-Term Cellular Phone Text Messaging Ability, Anthony W. Meek, Joselyn Perez, Brach Poston, Zachary A. Riley Mar 2021

Cortical Representation And Excitability Increases For A Thenar Muscle Mediate Improvement In Short-Term Cellular Phone Text Messaging Ability, Anthony W. Meek, Joselyn Perez, Brach Poston, Zachary A. Riley

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Cortical representations expand during skilled motor learning. We studied a unique model of motor learning with cellular phone texting, where the thumbs are used exclusively to interact with the device and the prominence of use can be seen where 3200 text messages are exchanged a month in the 18–24 age demographic. The purpose of the present study was to examine the motor cortex representation and input–output (IO) recruitment curves of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle of the thumb and the ADM muscle with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), relative to individuals’ texting abilities and short-term texting practice. Eighteen individuals performed …

Go to article

Intepirdine As Adjunctive Therapy To Donepezil For Mild-To-Moderate Alzheimer’S Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Clinical Trial (Mindset), Frederick M. Lang, Yi Mo, Marwan Sabbagh, Paul Solomon, Merce Boada, Roy W. Jones, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Timo Grimmer, Bruno Dubois, Mark Harnett, Sarah R. Friedhoff, Shari Coslett, Jeffrey L. Cummings Mar 2021

Intepirdine As Adjunctive Therapy To Donepezil For Mild-To-Moderate Alzheimer’S Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Clinical Trial (Mindset), Frederick M. Lang, Yi Mo, Marwan Sabbagh, Paul Solomon, Merce Boada, Roy W. Jones, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Timo Grimmer, Bruno Dubois, Mark Harnett, Sarah R. Friedhoff, Shari Coslett, Jeffrey L. Cummings

Brain Health Faculty Research

Introduction: A previous phase 2b study supported the use of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. A phase 3 study, MINDSET, was performed to test this hypothesis. Methods: MINDSET was a global, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 1315 mild-to-moderate AD dementia patients on stable donepezil. Patients received 35 mg/day intepirdine or placebo for 24 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were change from baseline to week 24 on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between intepirdine …

Go to article

Multimodal Single-Cell/Nucleus Rna Sequencing Data Analysis Uncovers Molecular Networks Between Disease-Associated Microglia And Astrocytes With Implications For Drug Repurposing In Alzheimer’S Disease, Jielin Xu, Pengyue Zhang, Yin Huang, Yadi Zhou, Yuan Hou, Lynn M. Bekris, Justin Lathia, Chien-Wei Chiang, Lang Li, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng Feb 2021

Multimodal Single-Cell/Nucleus Rna Sequencing Data Analysis Uncovers Molecular Networks Between Disease-Associated Microglia And Astrocytes With Implications For Drug Repurposing In Alzheimer’S Disease, Jielin Xu, Pengyue Zhang, Yin Huang, Yadi Zhou, Yuan Hou, Lynn M. Bekris, Justin Lathia, Chien-Wei Chiang, Lang Li, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Because disease-associated microglia (DAM) and disease-associated astrocytes (DAA) are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we systematically identified molecular networks between DAM and DAA to uncover novel therapeutic targets for AD. Specifically, we develop a network-based methodology that leverages single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing data from both transgenic mouse models and AD patient brains, as well as drug-target network, metaboliteenzyme associations, the human protein-protein interactome, and large-scale longitudinal patient data. Through this approach, we find both common and unique gene network regulators between DAM (i.e., PAK1, MAPK14, and CSF1R) and DAA (i.e., NFKB1, FOS, and JUN) that are significantly enriched …

Go to article

Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes For Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges And Opportunities, Erin K. Purcell, Michael F. Becker, Yue Guo, Seth A. Hara, Kip A. Ludwig, Collin J. Mckinney, Elizabeth M. Monroe, Robert Rechenberg, Cory A. Rusinek, Akash Saxena, James R. Siegenthaler, Caryl E. Sortwell, Cort H. Thompson, James K. Trevathan, Suzanne Witt, Wen Li Jan 2021

Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes For Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges And Opportunities, Erin K. Purcell, Michael F. Becker, Yue Guo, Seth A. Hara, Kip A. Ludwig, Collin J. Mckinney, Elizabeth M. Monroe, Robert Rechenberg, Cory A. Rusinek, Akash Saxena, James R. Siegenthaler, Caryl E. Sortwell, Cort H. Thompson, James K. Trevathan, Suzanne Witt, Wen Li

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Carbon-based electrodes combined with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) enable neurochemical sensing with high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity. While their attractive electrochemical and conductive properties have established a long history of use in the detection of neurotransmitters both in vitro and in vivo, carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) also have limitations in their fabrication, flexibility, and chronic stability. Diamond is a form of carbon with a more rigid bonding structure (sp3-hybridized) which can become conductive when boron-doped. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is characterized by an extremely wide potential window, low background current, and good …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last